Cephalosporins Amacwecwe isizukulwana 4. Antibiotics-cephalosporins isizukulwana 4

Cephalosporins bangamalungu iziyobisi beta-lactam. Zazimele enye kwiiklasi ezinkulu iziyobisi antibacterial.

Overview

Kakhulu ezintsha zijongwa cephalosporins isizukulwana 4. Iifom ngomlomo kweli qela azifumaneki. I-amathathu asele zimelwe ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa ngomlomo kunye parenteral. Cephalosporins babe imveliso eliphezulu kwaye zinetyhefu esezantsi kakhulu. Ngenxa oku babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo phambili malunga nezihlandlo ukusetyenziswa kulo mkhuba bezonyango zonke izinto antibacterial.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba Sebenzisa ngalinye cephalosporins isizukulwana zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zazo pharmacokinetic kunye nomsebenzi antibacterial. Amayeza ukufana noshowo ukuya penicillin. Oku kugqiba zinendlela efanayo yeziphumo elwa nawo, kwakunye umnqamlezo nokwaliwa kwezinye izigulane.

uluhlu yomsebenzi

Cephalosporins negalelo bactericidal. Elidityaniswe wokunyhashwa oyinxalenye iindonga iseli iintsholongwane. Phakathi kwabantu bokuqala utyekelo besesithathu isizukulwana ukuya ukwandisa kakhulu ke uluhlu amanyathelo kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi elwa kwi iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram ukususela encinane yandisa kwi Cya gram-HIV. Ukuya jikelele kuzo zonke iipropati eendaba zibandakanya ukungabikho nempembelelo ebalulekileyo enterococci kunye namanye amagciwane.

Izigulane ezininzi zinomdla, kutheni wakhululwa cephalosporins sizukulwana 4th emacwecweni? Isibakala sokuba la machiza kufuneka isakhiwo ekhethekileyo eziphilayo. It akavumi izithako ezisebenzayo ndzulu isakhiwo iiseli isifo emathunjini. Ngoko ke, lo cephalosporins isizukulwana 4 emacwecweni ayikho. Yonke imithi kweli qela ziyilelwe lolawulo parenteral. Efumanekayo ezizukulwaneni 4 cephalosporins e ampoules kunye sijike.

cephalosporins isizukulwana 4

Iziyobisi kweli qela unikwe kuphela ziingcali. Olu udidi olutsha noko amayeza. Cephalosporins 3, izizukulwana 4 babe uluhlu efanayo yeziphumo. Umahluko phakathi ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kwiqela yesibini. Lithetha "Cefepime", umzekelo, inani parameters kufutshane machiza wesithathu-ngezizukulwana. Kodwa ngenxa kwezinye izinto awohluke lwesakhiwo amachiza, ukuba uyakwazi ukungena kwi udonga olungaphandle ezincinane gram-negative. Kule meko lithetha "Cefepime" izinzile ukuba haydrolisis ngu beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-class. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba iimpawu engqalene cephalosporins isizukulwana 3rd (lithetha "ceftriaxone" "Cefotaxime"), avuleke kweziyobisi iimpawu ezifana:

• ifuthe amagciwane overproducing beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-class;
• umsebenzi xa kuthelekiswa eliphezulu ukuya amagciwane non-ukubila kwayo;
• ukumelana eliphezulu ukuya haydrolisis ibeta-lactamase twa spectrum (ixabiso lo msebenzi kungacacanga de kube sekupheleni).

imithi Ingibitorzaschischennye

Eli qela libandakanya iziyobisi elinye "Cefoperazone / Sulbactam". Xa kuthelekiswa monosredstvom, medicament zidibene iye luyanda spectrum umsebenzi. Ichaphazela magciwane anaerobic, uninzi iintlobo ze Enterobacteriaceae, esikwaziyo ukuvelisa beta-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics

Parenteral Cephalosporins 3, 4, isizukulwana kakuhle kakhulu Ugxile xa elawulwa kwi esihlunwini. Imithi for Ulawulo yomlomo iphawulwa kukufakwa eliphezulu kwisiqwenga zesisu. Bioavailability iya kuxhomekeka medicament ethile. Oko ku ezahlukene 40-50% (ukuba iziyobisi "Cefixime", umzekelo) kwi-95% (ukuba imali "Cefaclor" "cefadroxil" "Cephalexin"). ukufakwa ngomlomo amayeza ezithile isantya ekudleni. Kodwa ichiza njenge "Cefuroxime obungqongqo" ngexesha ukufunxeka hydrolyzed. Okuninzi ukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza kweli candelo esebenzayo xa kukhuthaza ukutya.

cephalosporins isizukulwana 4 athunyelwa kakuhle ezintweni ezininzi kunye namalungu (ngaphandle endlaleni), kwakunye iimfihlelo. Xa lamanani zamachiza aphezulu afumaneka neencindi lwamalunga ne peritoneal, pericardial kunye pleural, amathambo kunye ulusu, izihlunu ethambileyo, isibindi, izihlunu, izintso kunye nemiphunga. Ukukwazi Kwathi BBB kwaye enze xiyimiso kwezonyango kwi CSF into iqapheleka kakhulu amachiza wesithathu-sizukulwana ezifana "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone 'kwakunye' Cefotaxime 'kunye neQumrhu yesine - lithetha" Cefepime ".

Ukutya uze kukhuthaza

Uninzi cephalosporins abekho phantsi ukubola. Okungaphandle uthathwa iyeza "cefotaxime". It biotransfomiruetsya kulandele ukuyilwa kwemveliso esebenzayo. cephalosporins idubule sizukulwana 4, kwakunye nabameli bezinye, ikakhulu izintso. Xa ebunayo Umchamo zifumaneka eliphezulu lamanani.

Imithi "Cefoperazone" yaye "Ceftriaxone" ephawuleka ukuphelisa kabini - kwesibindi kunye nezintso. Kuba cephalosporins abaninzi isiqingatha-bomi kwisithuba kweyure enye okanye ezimbini. Kufuneka ixesha elide ukuba imali "ceftibuten," "Cefixime" (iiyure 3-4) kwakunye 'Ceftriaxone "(iiyure 8.5). Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba babele kanye ngemini. Xa izigulane ukusilela kwezintso, umthamo amayeza kufuneka alungiswe.

imiphumela emibi

Amagciwane - cephalosporins isizukulwana 4 - kunokubangela eziliqela iziphumo ezibi, kuqukwa:

• Umzimba. Izigulane okungakanani erythema multiforme, irhashalala, urticaria, ukugula serum, eosinophilia. iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kolu didi nazo ziquka mothuko anaphylactic, ifiva, angioedema, bronchoconstriction.
• basabele Hematologic. Phakathi kwabo kukubonelela positive Coombs, leucopenia, eosinophilia (ingaqhelekanga), igazi hemolytic, neutropenia.
• enokuphazamisa imithambo-luvo. Ekusetyenzisweni amathamo eziphezulu kwizigulane kunye nokuphazamiseka sezintso yombono waphawula.
• Isibindi: anda transaminases.
• esiswini. Phakathi iziphumo ezingalunganga urhudo kakhulu eqhelekileyo, okwenziwa sisilonda pseudomembranous, ukugabha kunye isicaphucaphu, iintlungu esiswini. Kwimeko ilindle ulwelo ngamaqhekeza igazi iziyobisi emgaqweni.
• basabele Local. Ezi ziquka nokungena kwindawo efakwe kwisiza isitofu intramuscular kunye phlebitis kunye inaliti efakwa.
• Okunye Iziphumo zibonakaliswa ngokohlobo candidiasis langasese kunye ngomlomo.

Iimpawu kunye Izimo

Isizukulwana 4 cephalosporins eyabelwe xa nizkominalnyh enzima kukhethwa izifo ezibangelwa microflora olunala ezingatshiyo. Ezi ziquka pleura empyema, ithumba kwi kwemiphunga, inyumoniya, septicemia, ithambo kunye nezigulo ezidibeneyo. 4 ubonisa isizukulwana cephalosporins izifo nzima chwetheza womchamo, nxamnye neutropenia kunye namanye amazwe immunodeficient. Amayeza ongaphathiswanga zobandlululo ngamnye.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ekusebenziseni umnqamlezo-uhlobo nokuthile waphawula. Izigulane singabunyamezeli penicillin kwaphawula ukusabela okufanayo ukuya cephalosporins-isizukulwana yokuqala. komzimba Cross xa kufakwa udidi lwesibini okanye lwesithathu ithambile (ngo-1-3% yamatyala). Linembali ngokukhawuleza uhlobo reactions (umz, ukothuka anaphylactic , okanye urticaria), iziyobisi sizukulwana sokuqala ababelwe ngononophelo. Zezomntu izicwangciso ndidi zilandelayo (ingakumbi yesine) zikhuselekileyo.

Ukukhulelwa ne zisanyisa

Cephalosporins baqeshwa kokubeleka ngaphandle naziphi na izithintelo ezizodwa. Nakuba kunjalo, izifundo ezifanelekileyo zilawulwa kukhuseleko lwamayeza zange kuqhutywa. Xa lamanani aphantsi cephalosporins kusichukumisa kungena ubisi. Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ichiza ngexesha zisanyisa kungenzeka ukukutshintsha microflora isisu, candidiasis, irhashalala, zegazi abantwana.

IPediatrics kunye geriatrics

Xa isicelo usana mhlawumbi uya kwandisa isiqingatha ubomi imvelaphi inhibition of zinomgutyulo kwezintso. Kubantu abalupheleyo, kukho utshintsho kumsebenzi sezintso, kwaye ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukudodobala ekususeni amayeza. Oku kufuna isicelo yesekethe hlengiso kunye balawule.

kwekhono sezintso

Ekubeni ukususwa cephalosporins ezininzi lwenzeka ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa i-nkqubo sezintso ngohlobo esebenzayo, irejimeni idosi kufuneka licwangciswe ukubonakalisa iimpawu eziphilayo. Maxa ngeedosi eziphezulu, ingakumbi xa zidityaniswe kunye womchamo ngokwenzekayo, aminoglycoside okanye kusenokwenzeka ukwenzeka ukusebenza nephrotoxic.

isibindi kwekhono

Amanye amachiza kwazona kwi enyongweni, yaye ngenxa yoko izigulane kunye nesifo kakhulu wesibindi, idosi kufuneka incitshiswe. Kwezi izigulane kukho olungaka eliphezulu ukopha kunye gipoprotrombinemii kwi sicelo lithetha "Cefoperazone". Njengenyathelo lokuthintela ekucetyiswa vitamin K.