Channel Saimensky. Lake Saimaa. Vyborg Bay. Cruises umfula

Saimaa Canal (mephu zingezantsi ziya kukunceda umfundi ukuba azi ngendawo yayo) - umsele izikhephe phakathi Gulf of Vyborg (Russia) kunye Lake Saimaa (Finland). Vula le ndawo ngo ngo1856. Ubude iyonke yaba 57,3 km, apho Russia ibamba km 34 no Finland - 23.3 km.

History of indalo

Imizamo yokuqala ukudibanisa i-Gulf of Finland kunye Lake Saimaa lwaqaliswa ngo-1500 no 1511 ngokulandelelanayo uRhuluneli Vyborg Eric Turesonom Belke. Ukuzama yenziwa ngo-1600, ngelo xesha iinotshi ezimbini kokwezenziweyo, kodwa oko konke. Sele ebukumkanini uCatherine Omkhulu wanikela isicwangciso esitsha - emlanjeni Vuoksi kanga Lake Saimaa to Ichibi Ladoga, Kwingabula obuqhajelweyo umsele yokucima i Imatra. Nakuba kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba kwafuneka ukuba isetyenziswe kule projekthi, ziye zakhokelela ekubeni ukulahlwa yokuzisa isicwangciso ibe ngokubulawa. Ngowe-1826 kwintlanganiso eenkundla isixeko Karelia kunye Savolax kwagqitywa ukuthumela isithunywa abalimi eSt Petersburg * kuKhesare ukuba ukwenza udibaniso eSithili Ichibi kunye nemizi yonxweme. Ukwamkela nokuphulaphula neerhuluneli, uNicholas ke wayalela ukuba kwenziwe uphando eziyimfuneko. Nakuba kunjalo, ii-asethi yokwenene abuyi kufunyanwa, ngokunxulumene nalo mthombo ngokubekwa kufuneka luqalwe. Ixesha elizayo umba wamvusa iRhuluneli Vyborg Agasti Ramsay ngo-1834. Ikhosi le meko wanika Senator L. F. Hartmann (Head of uhambo zeMali) kunye Prince Menshikov. Kwisixeko Vyborg kumisa ikomiti ukuze ukuqikelela kwaye isicwangciso projekthi. Kuba izifundo zokuqala siye samema ezaziwayo-kakuhle engineer Swedish. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wakhe watyhila ukuba amanzi ichibi ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ziinyawo-256, yaye iindleko izakhiwo ziya kuba engange izigidi ezintathu. Imali efunekayo ziye zabelwa ngezavenge ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.

Ngoko ke, waqala ngo-1845 wokwakha. Xa inkqubo kwabo injineli Swedish Nils Eriksson yenze uphuculo kwisicwangciso channel. Ekuqaleni, intloko wenkampani yokwakha Baron Karl Rosenkampf, abahola igama elithi "imijelo Baron." Noko ke, ngo-1846 waza wafa, yaye zathathelwa indawo uMajor General Stjernvall. Wonke umsebenzi wokwakha lwaqhutywa yi-Ofisi kaNondyebo of Finland. Iindleko zizonke yaba izigidi 12.4 amanqaku Finnish. Ubude lilonke zokwakha - 54,5 imayili, zokuphuma ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo Nyengane elimiswe kule ingxenye.

Sakha wakha, yaye ekugqibeleni wakha ...

Agasti 26, ngo1856 yaba ukuvulwa ezukileyo sakhiwo. Kuye luphelelwe ukuya ibekwa loMlawuli Alexander II. Finland wayezidla Saimaa Canal, nto leyo yanceda ukuba ukuya kwiindawo kwintlango yelizwe. Wabanika likhubalo ubuhle ekhethekileyo ye indalo. Ngasechwebeni imiqondiso canal yesikhumbuzo kunye nombhalo yaye yasekwa phezu iilwimi IsiSwedish kwaye Russian, leyo ezidweliswe bonke abadlali ababandakanyekayo kwendalo kwesi sakhiwo. Lonke ulwakhiwo kwindawo yoqobo kwaye ngqindilili, unikwe ukuba umahluko inqanaba lamanzi ezidityanisiweyo abazange ukuqukuqela isiteshi olukhawulezayo kakhulu.

Ukuvulwa kwenzeka kwiminyaka emine ngaphambi kunokuba kwakucwangcisiwe. Enye inkalo yale projekthi ixabiso eliphantsi isixa esikhulu loo msebenzi. Apha, ezi zinto zilandelayo wadlala indima: Ukunyaniseka nenkuthalo abaphathi Finnish, kwakunye neendleko aphantsi zabasebenzi, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho kakhulu kwintengiso amabanjwa.

inani channel

Saimaa Canal yayibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kulo mmandla. Yabemi Karelia kunye Savolax ekugqibeleni likhululekile ukuxhomekeka yezoqoqosho kwi amazibuko esemagqagaleni Lake Ladoga kunye nePersian of Bothnia (ingxenye). Iinzuzo usebenzisa le kokwakha kuba ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba abaphathi projekthi bakwazi ukuphelisa ungenelelo lokuzingca baququzelele yomthengisi. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokoyika ukulahlekelwa bodwa babo kurhwebo, yokuba zibangel 'umdla yaye ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ziye zaqinisekisa ukuba amandla yesango kunyiniwe. Ngenxa yoko, zonke iimpahla engahambi ngale ndlela kufuneka abe ububanzi umzimba elingekho ngaphezu ezisixhenxe leemitha. Kungenjalo, zonke iimpahla kwafuneka ukuba transshipped kwi Vyborg ilingane iimfuno iinqanawa efanayo. Ngale ndlela, iifemu merchant eziliqela zinika ububange phezu kwamanye amazwe. Ke kaloku, ngenxa yoko, i Saimaa Canal ukusuka Vyborg enkulu ngokubaluleka yalo uphuhliso lommandla. Noko ke, kamva, xa kuvuselelwa kwesi sakhiwo, ububanzi yesango linyuke kakhulu.

Lake Saimaa kwi izikhokelo pre-revolution Russian

Ngowe-1870 kwafunyaniswa ngokusebenzisa inkonzo ngomzila kaloliwe phakathi St. Petersburg Helsinki. Esi siganeko yenziwa ifumaneke kuluntu iindawo ezininzi ezintle emazantsi eFinland. unxibelelwano kaloliwe usinike wabangela ukuba uphuhliso Karelian Isthmus kunye indawo yonke elijikelezileyo. waqala apho ukuvela zokuhlala zakhiwa iiholide kunye sanatoriums, iindlela zegrabile wabeka edibanisa zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo kunye kaloliwe. A indima enkulu kuphuhliso entsha kulo mmandla kudlalwa i Saimaa Canal. Ngoku, Wakhonza hayi kuphela kuphuhliso lobudlelwane zorhwebo. Cruises zithandwa eFinland Lake Saimaa kunye Ingxangxasi Imatra. Ngoko ke, le ndawo ziye ziqalise ngokwehla kuncwadi Russian elichaza yezikhumbuzo yenkcubeko kule ndawo. Ngelo xesha kwakukho iincwadi sineenjongo popularization kolwazi malunga mmandla nokukhuthaza ezinika zayo, kwakunye njengokwenza umfanekiso omtsha. Izikhokelo ezizodwa Ikhutshwe ezichaza Saimaa Canal ezingqongileyo. Abaninzi kubo eziqulathe ulwazi kwiindlela izithuthi, izikhululo zeposi, ishedyuli iinqanawa kunye noololiwe, ulwazi malunga iihotele, kwakunye apho waqesha amahashe, iiholide kunye Spa, kwaye ngaphezulu. Konke oku kungqina into yokuba phambi kokuba revolution, ulwazi malunga nento ethile ebalulekileyo ezinomtsalane Finland iye yaziwa kakuhle kakhulu. Uhambo ngokusebenzisa Saimaa Canal waba zixhaphakile ukuba abathandi yaphandle.

yelizwe lobomi emiseleni

I nemizi yokuqala ukuvela apha ngexesha lokwakha. Channel amacandelo ezibe ukusetyenziswa ezisemthethweni zazihonjiswe kunye izityalo, yayisebenza kwanokuvuselela kwakhona kokuqeshisa umhlaba irente okanye ukwakhiwa zokuhlala. Ukongeza ubuhle bendalo, popularity nolonwabo kule ndawo negalelo unxibelelwano oluhle ezinikezelwa iimpahla mafutha obandakanyeka Cruises emlanjeni watyhutyha kwi lo mfula. Yaye kungekudala abahlali kwizinhanha Vyborg ne St Petersburg, niyibiyele unxweme ukuba ijelo Nuyamaa echibini. Ngo Ryattiyarvi waye villa kakhulu obutofotofo besive Russian uMphathiswa Foreign eyayivela Giersu. Ku yakhiwa ngomnye iinjineli inxaxheba ekwakheni emjelweni. Uninzi nemiqolomba bema ngaphandle ngezakhiwo zabo, ukuba ihonjiswe neenqaba ezinde, balcony, imikrolo, zaba singqongwe emiyezweni manicured okunzulu gazebos kunye piers. Amagama izindlu romantic, ngokunjalo ebusweni babo bangaphandle, "Runolinna", "Rauhantaranta", "Onnela", "Iloranta" ... Imfuno izindlu kulo mmandla iphezulu kangangokuba iye lube nenzuzo ukwakha ngokuqasha. Saimaa Canal elo xesha nje Villas odumileyo, kodwa amakhulu omhlaba. Eyona idumileyo kwezi ligama Lavola, ngeyabo sodidi Cheseff kwaye ibekwe emlonyeni into. Manor kunye nemizi benza lomculo enemibala kakhulu, lo umoya apha bekumnandi, amazwe. River Cruises, iikonsathi, utyelelo kunye uhamba enlivened ubomi boluntu, oko inikeza abakhenkethi ezininzi yokuvela kunye namathuba yemali kubahlali balapha. Noko ke, emva kokuba revolution yobomi lizwe waya ukwehla, kwaye nalo ke Saimaa Canal. Tours kuwo akusekho unomdla eBohemia Russian.

izithintelo antitank

Amacebo Jikelele Abasebenzi imikhosi exhobileyo Finnish kwi banesifo lwekhulu lokugqibela, kulo mzimba bamanzi ingqalelo njenge ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba balungelelanise unikezelo yomkhosi. Ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso kulindeleke amanyathelo emkhosini ukuze luqwalasele kwi Karelian Isthmus. Ngoko ke, ngo-1939, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba ijelo ukuze abe ummandla zilwe ngexesha uthumo extra esingxamisekileyo. Yaba imiqobo enzima ngokusebenzisa ijelo enzulu. Kwaba ke isigqibo ukulisebenzisa an anti-yokuzikhusela. Isiphumo gqitha izikhukhula kwiindawo enkulu kummandla amachibi kunye Kyarstila Lyukyulya ventel. Le ndawo iyonke kwimimandla ayenamandla yaba ezikwere zeekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu. Kweli xesha ka 1941-1944 lijelo kwi impi abazange bathathe inxaxheba.

navigation ukubuyisela

Ngenxa yokuba isivumelwano uxolo phakathi eSoviet Union kunye Finland, wamshiya Vyborg Bay kummandla waseUSSR nojongano phakathi ijelo ibe ngamaqela amabini, ekugqibeleni wayeka umsebenzi. Kweli xesha kwemfazwe ukuba kut- navigation efunekayo nje ukuphumeza ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo kunye nezixhobo esihle, kodwa kwakhona ukufikelela kwisivumelwano amabini ngokusetyenziswa kulo mzimba manzi. Kuba okokuqala le imbambano ngowe-1948, kodwa thethwano ezisemthethweni koorhulumente kwaqala ngo-1954. Phantsi kwesivumelwano eSoviet Union ushiye iqela iinjineli Finnish ukufunda imo umzila. Iingcali ziye zagqiba ukuba amajelo umlambo intsimi eSoviet kakhulu efanelekileyo ukuze kubuyiselwe yeNavigeyishini phezu kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi kule ndawo waqala emva kweminyaka elishumi emva kokuba macala mabini ekugqibeleni bafika kwisigqibo esifanayo kwi miba irente. Ngowe-1968, lo uphela yagqitywa. Ekuhambeni kuwo landiswa kakhulu bandwidth izakhono ze amagumbi lock.

Cruise - The Saimaa Canal

Lappeenranta - Spa idolophu eFinland. I nomtsalane kokuba unikwa i Ukutya chibi, elunxwemeni apho yena, kwaye Saimaa Canal. Trip ngephenyane kula maqumrhu yamanzi - into kuphela ezitsala abakhenkethi abasuka eRashiya. Phela, lo nguye kuphela umzila Russian kwelizwe apho iinqanawa ungahamba kwiinkampani zangaphandle. ethwala abandakanya Cruises komlambo, ephethe abakhenkethi evela Russian Federation eFinland. Ngaphambili, ngokutsho isivumelwano 1963, abakhweli ukufika evela Finland ukuya kwilizwe lethu, unelungelo lokungena visa-free. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ukulawula weRiphabliki kwesiVumelwano Schengen, esi siVumelwano kuye irhoxisiwe. Ngoku, abakhweli kufuneka ukuba bafumane zokundwendwela. Noko ke, zifuneka kuphela kwimeko xa umkhombe kwi lizwe eRashiya, umzekelo, ezityalwe ngenxa yabo iihambo ukuya Vyborg. Ukuba eli phenyane cruise evela Finland musa kubandakanya ukutyelelwa kumazibuko Russian, akukho ivisa iyafuneka. Umzekelo, ukuba umkhumbi "Christina Brahe" Kuya kugqitha nje emdeni welizwe lethu, ukwenza moya phakathi Lappeenranta kunye eHelsinki, kwaye inqanawa "Karelia" - phakathi Vyborg ne Lappeenranta.

Ahambe emehlweni kubakhenkethi

Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso zingaphi iminyaka uya kuhlala ngathi moya iza. Ngapha koko, le eFinland, ngubani angathanda ukubona lwalunjani Saimaa Canal, hayi kakhulu, kunye neendwendwe zethu kude kangako. Kwaye oku nangona itikiti indlela enye, malunga namashumi amathathu euro. Le hambo ibiza imali entle.

ubude Route ngumgama oziikhilomitha amane-amathathu, kodwa akhawunti ngenxa kuphuma ezisibhozo. Xa inqanawa kwi Saimaa Canal uleyisayo wokuqala babo - nto umdla. Noko ke, phezu kwesango wesithathu uqala ikhula ukutyabuka, yaye abasayi kulindela ukuba yesibhozo, xa sele ngaphezulu, kodwa umdla. Xa isikhephe lufika isithuba umda Nuiyamaa uqala ukuhlola amaxwebhu. An into umdla kukuba le post buhlanganiswe - Automobile kunye namanzi. Ukuba ngaba uzifumanisa kwi yenqanawa kwinkampani abakhenkethi Finnish, silungele ngenxa yokuba ivame ukuziphatha ngathi uninzi baseRashiya: uqale ukuthatha iziselo enamandla phambi inqanawa ushiya lo awumise. Abakhenkethi abaninzi ngokukodwa uthenge itikiti ukuya yokulwa, echaza ukuba le nqanawa kukho ivenkile "umsebenzi-free". Ukuba sicinga into yokuba e Finland kunye napryazhenka utywala, ukuziphatha okunjalo Kuyaqondakala. Ngexesha izikhokelo yokusela jikelele efumana uzama ukutsala ingqalelo uluntu ukuba ibali zemijelo, izitshixo kunye nezinye iindawo. Kwaye kukho ke enye, yintoni ukubona - ijelo intle kakhulu. Umzekelo, kufuphi Vyborg iibhulorho kwakhe umnqamlezo kunokuba eliphezulu - kaloliwe zendlela. Zonke iinkqubo navigation eyakhelwe phezu kweentsika igranite bubhencekile ziqithi. Inxalenye umjelo oqingqiweyo ubunzima engxondorheni, enye inxalenye unalo ngobunono izidanga zokuqubha zesanti kunye nezinkulu. Kunye isiteshi ikhula lihlahliwe ihlathi, nto leyo kunye neefom rocks enhle kakhulu. Inxalenye Russian izinziswe ngokupheleleyo, kufuphi Vyborg nangoku bekho kwizindlu ndililolo, kwaye ke entlango. Indawo eliphilileyo kuphela - kwindawo umda apho trail udlula e Lappeenranta. Lutho umfanekiso malunga kwi inxalenye Finnish: apha zokuhlala zifumaneka ngoko nangoko emva kokuba idlule. Xa indawo Lappeenranta, ngaphambi kokuba afike isango yokugqibela, oko sisizibuko iphambili kwi lo mfula - terminal Saimaa. Kukho ikhutshwa phandle ukulayisha / ukothula leenqanawa imithwalo. Imithwalo kwenzxiwa kwicala Russian - up to tonnes kwezigidi ezibini ngonyaka ngamnye.

chibi Saimaa

Xa inqanawa uleyisayo ngesango yokugqibela, kuba kwi Saimaa echibini. Into yokuqala baneembono - yinto enkulu kakhulu Intlama nePhepha lokusila. isikhokelo sethu ngokuziqhenya isixelela ukuba kukho abantu abangaphezu kwe ezimbini ezinesiqingatha amawaka. Oko kukuthi "mmangaliso" abantu emaxhobeni impucuko bacinge ukusuka kutyelelo, kukhubaza Lappeenranta ekufumaneni ngesimo yabakhenkethi ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, inkampani, nokuba lixhotyiswe izibonelelo zonyango mihla, kusenjalo ngetoni zokulahla inkunkuma amanzi echibini, nto leyo eyenza kube akafanelekanga ukuba siqubha kumgama ozikilometa kweshumi eziliqela. Kwaye yintoni eyona umdla kule ncwadana kubakhenkethi ingathethi nto phambi izityalo apha. Kodwa loo nto zonke; phambi isityalo na mveliso confectionery, nayo leyo eyenza kwenkunkuma elwandle, ayimangalisi loo nto kuloo ndawo lweshishini igutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo ngengca. Kwaye apha, Isimanga, kwisakhiwo esikhulu umkhenkethi ibekwe - "Huhtiniemi" - kunye ihotele zasehlotyeni "Karelia-Park". Kufuphi 'ucingo' nge-mveliso ilekese ezixabisa esinye nangaphezulu - "Saimaa". Liyinyaniso elokuba, yena ubheka ezinye buthuntu, elahliwe, njenge nzima ukugcina osinde kwiidolophu ezincinane hotele Soviet-xesha. Kukho kwakhona lolwandle kunye, inyaniso, ukuze bafumane amanzi, kuya kufuneka soyise iintshinyela enengca okanye uzame Kwathi kwi ibhulorho okhethekileyo, leyo, ngasendleleni, kwaphulwa inxalenye yayo ephakathi, kodwa emva kokuba umntu sekhefu zayincedayo ukubeka ibhodi. Nantsi indawo!

Lappeenranta

Le ingaka ibatsalayo engundoqo Lappeenranta Memorial Amangcwaba, nto leyo ibekwe kumbindi wesixeko. Apha ungabona amangcwaba amajoni ewile ngexesha ngamaxesha 1939-1940 kunye neminyaka 1941-1944. Kwaye loo nto umdla kakhulu, zonke ukungcwaba ngamnye, akukho dade. Yi emangcwabeni esasayame lesikhumbuzo nakumasoldati, obiza kummandla Karelian Isthmus (ngoku ummandla Russian Federation). It iqulathe izahlulo ezibini - Umfanekiso nemàbhula kunye namagama zokuhlala kunye namagama amajoni, ngasendleleni, phakathi kwabo kukho kananjalo Russian. Ingakumbi ezininzi phakathi kwabantu bendawo Terijoki (Zelenogorsk). Eneneni, akukho nto akusayi umdla. Esi sixeko ujongo mihla, igcinwe kakuhle kakhulu kwaye isoloko ngokutsha. Akukho nto yakwenza. Ebusuku, lo Lappeenranta ubuthongo, zivaliwe zonke iivenkile, unako ukufumana zibuke ethengisa ihambhega kunye nezinye yokukhwela efanayo kuphela. Apha, nkqu kwakhiwe isikhululo uvaliwe de ezisixhenxe kusasa. Ebhadula ezitratweni ezingenanto ebusuku, kucacile ukuba kutheni le eFinland ngokuthi "ukukhipha" kweli lizwe lethu.

Imatra

Le dolophu ekuse- Lappeenranta, imbali yalo imfutshane kakhulu. Yasungulwa ngo-1948 kwaye ibekwe kufutshane nomda Russia obanjiweyo iinethiwekhi zeselula zasekhaya. Imatra sise umthombo komlambo Vuoksi. Eyona lweshishini umzi - isityalo metallurgical kunye namandla kagesi. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo e Lappeenranta kunxweme kwedike akukho izibonelelo mveliso. Kukho iindidi ezimbini uhlobo lesikhumbuzo - ezingcwele ukuya turbine yokuqala, kwaye eyesibini - neenqaba transmission. Le ingaka ibatsalayo iphambili wabatyeleli nguye yokufakelwa ohamba Imatrakoski. Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe izityalo lombane omzalayo, ngamaxesha pre-revolution uthando Russian bohemian ukuza apha kwaye onwabele engxangxasi. Ngoku apha amanzi liqalisa ucwangciso, le ukwehla i "Umtsalane woKhanketho" engundoqo Imatra. Ingongoma yesibini umdla - a Corona Park, apho ibekwe phezu yesiqithi esahlula esililini zelo Vuoksi kunye ichibi. park Ngokusekelwe woMlawuli Nicholas I, nto leyo umthetho ohamba eyingqongileyo kuhlala ingaguqukanga. Imatra mzi abakhenkethi kakhulu nomtsalane ngakumbi Lappeenranta, kukho ehotele kakhulu mihla, ukuloba zolonwabo engahlawulwayo uzakumelwa ithuba elihle ukuba bachithe imizuzu angenakulibaleka kunxweme Lake Saimaa.

Saimaa Canal: Fishing

Ukuloba edikeni elihle unyaka wonke. Iintlobo zentlanzi engundoqo - Pike, zakhele, nesalmon landlocked, trout emdaka. Bendawo kuloba bangazinikeli, nangona roaches ifana utsibela elunxwemeni ngokwayo, eFinland ngasizathu sithile nto ayisetyenziselwa ukutya. Catch it ikakhulu abakhenkethi abasuka eRashiya. Entwasahlobo emva kwexesha bengena isalmon zibhetele trout abaluma. Zonke Pike ngeenxa nyaka ukubanjwa. Ukongeza, kukho ezininzi i burbot, oko kudla ngumlobi bengena kunye nokulinganisela. Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu kwechibi agqibe apho efihliweyo intlanzi, akulula kangako. Noko ke, umlobi abanezakhono baya kusoloko kubuyela Saimaa iphethe elungileyo. Uhlobo apha acocekile kwaye kancinane, igalelo kudalwa, ilulungele ukucamngca kunye Eyokuqiqa. iholide Wonderful ziya kunikwa kuwe!