Chizhovski bridgehead Voronezh: imbali, isikhumbuzo

Chizhovski kwamnika Voronezh - a ezaziwayo-kakuhle lenkumbulo. Sinikezelwa kwiziganeko IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Voronezh ngqo amajoni waluthethelela sixeko bahlaseli lwamaNazi.

Inkangeleko lesikhumbuzo

"Bridgehead Chizhovski" kwi Voronezh yatyhilwa kwi olwandulela koSuku Victory ngo-1975. Nangona nje ukuba sibhiyozela iminyaka engama-30 ngokoyiswa amajoni amaNazi. Le lesikhumbuzo elimiswe kufuphi kwebhulorho Vogresovskogo kwi yokuhlala yangaphambili ezidolophini, nto leyo ebizwa Chizhovka.

Kodwa ekugqibeleni wonke umsebenzi kwisakhiwo enkumbulo "Chizhovski bridgehead" kwi Voronezh kwaphela kwiminyaka eli-10 kuphela kamva. Ngu th 40 engama koyisa zokwakha IMfazwe Enkulu yesikhumbuzo Patriotic lwagqitywa.

It elimiswe kwisithili Leninsky komzi. Ababhali projekthi aba engundoqo abakroli-umfazi umyili Tolmachevy Seljutin.

Yintoni isikhumbuzo?

"Chizhovski bridgehead" kwi Voronezh - izakhiwo sisikhumbuzo, nto leyo iquka emangcwabeni, kunye neHolo Wesikhumbuzo, iindonga apho yeni amagama zonke abavikeli Voronezh ngexesha lemfazwe. Nantsi kwiqonga eliphezulu apho kukho iqela oqingqiweyo wamajoni ezintathu. aba bahamba nge ngobhedu. Amajoni wabingelela namaqabane akhe iwile. Wind yokomfuziselo liphuhlisa iingubo emva kwabo.

Isimo se isikhumbuzo phezu kolawulo ukuyicokisa abasemagunyeni. Hayi, kudala kangaka sasiba izibonelelo nokulungiswa lenkumbulo. Council of kwisithili Leninsky of Voronezh ubamba zokundwendwela ezikhumbuzo kwimbali nenkcubeko, leyo ikuluhlu maxwebhu №1 eqhelekileyo engcwabeni.

Kubekho inkqubo zokufudumeza ngokutsha, ziphuculwe yokutrima lesikhumbuzo kwamanqwanqwa kunye nemàbhula. Kwaye unike nokulungiswa elandelayo kunye nokuphuculwa izakhiwo yesikhumbuzo nkqubo kamasipala, nje azinikele ulondolozo kunye nokuphuhlisa inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa kwi Voronezh. Njengenxalenye yale projekthi ukugcina imali yesikhumbuzo eyabelwe rhoqo zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Ngoko ke namhlanje Voronezh ukhenketho badla musa ukuya kugqitha esi sikhumbuzo.

ukuziphendulela Voronezh

Historically Disadvantaged Chizhovski bridgehead phezu kodonga lasekunene amadlelo umzi. Kuba Voronezh isiphumo imfazwe ngowe-1942 kwenziwa isigqibo kule ndawo. iiyunithi umkhosi eSoviet baba apha, bathi, namasalela, ngaphandle yokutsiba phambi kotshaba. Ngenxa yoko, bakwazi ukubambelela ngaphandle de inkululeko epheleleyo yesixeko kwaye ulwe i Voronezh kubahlaseli zamaNazi. Ngaphandle kokuba imikhosi wotshaba amanani ophezulu kakhulu neengalo Olubomvu Army.

Ingakumbi wazibonakalisa kwi Idabi Voronezh ngo-1942 ngabavukeli. Oku ngokupheleleyo yabhalwa abahlali balapha, leyo kusinda kwidabi ngenxa kwidolophu yakhe kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo yaye kubalulekile.

Ukulwa for Chizhovka wavuka kumaphepha imbali kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, umzekelo ubuqhawe inkuthazo yamajoni Soviet kunye namagosa nje.

amabutho Soviet layithatha zintshula kuloo Agasti 1942. Ukususela ngoko, isibakala sokuba Kwidabi obuphezulu zange ayeke imini yonke imihla 204. Ide inkululeko epheleleyo esixekweni, esenzeka ngoJanuwari 25, 1943. Ukususela ngoko, lo mhla lubhiyozelwa rhoqo ngonyaka kwiziko yengingqi, njengoko wokuzalwa elitsha umzi. Ngapha koko, ukuba mzi babekhululwe, akucacanga ukuba ibiya kuba yintoni Voronezh mihla.

Ukongezelela, oko kummandla Chizhovka amabutho German zwilakhe iye kubethwa elihlazo ekuqaleni kuka January. Ivela apha kwaqalisa yokwenene kwinkululeko yo Voronezh. Ngoko-ebizwa Voronezh Kastorensky ekhubekisayo osishiye umkhosi eSoviet ngempumelelo.

umandlalo ngodumo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba apha kule emangcwabeni kummandla umzimba Chizhovka bamngcwaba ngaphezu kwe-10 amawaka nxaxheba zeziganeko wamagazi. Uninzi amagama nangoku ayaziwa. Kweli nqanaba ngokuthembekileyo bakwazi ukumisela amagama kunye nezikhundla zomkhosi, abantu kuphela 3 545 wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni.

amagama 718 adweliswe kule ncwadi esemthethweni memory yanaphakade kwisakhiwo yesikhumbuzo Voronezh "Chizhovski bridgehead". Kwingingqi Voronezh yeyona yokungcwaba inkulu kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngoko ke, ngonyaka kubanjwe emicimbini yokukhumbula azinikele amaqhawe waloo mfazwe.

Heroes Chizhovski bridgehead

Kwidabi Voronezh obonisa amajoni amaninzi eSoviet kunye namagosa. Kodwa imbali iye walilondoloza amagama kuphela abanye babo.

Ukuba ufika Voronezh ezikhumbuzo Chizhovski bridgehead utyelelo, qiniseka ukuba bangakuxelela ntoni na feat isekela alimwi Georgiya Lyulina nomkhosi, leyo ngo-1943 linyuke elikwisikhundla uLieutenant. isenzo sakhe, ngokutsho ngembali yelo xesha, yadlala indima ebalulekileyo isiphumo eli dabi.

Ngelo xesha ebalulekileyo ekulweni Lyulin Ndathatha neflegi ebomvu, waya phezu uhlaselwa isichotho of iimbumbulu yotshaba namaqhekeza. Kwaba isenzo sakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba benze nomkhosi ukuba wayithimba ukwakhiwa-mveliso ngezitena, indwe iphakanyisiwe obomvu phezu kwayo, lowo ke ezandleni Lyulin. Le iqhawe eli dabi zafa kabuhlungu.

Wangcwatyelwa apha, endaweni yemfazwe yakhe yokugqibela. Xa eyadini brickworks Voronezh. Amajoni kunye namagosa 333rd webutho, leyo wakhonza Lyulin, wathumela incwadi abasemagunyeni bathi- phambili imemori hero, ebiza igama lakhe omnye ezitratweni kwindawo Chizhovka. Senza njalo. Tyelela eli Esitalatweni kube namhlanje.

izimpi

Kungenxa kule ndawo kwakukho umlo zinamandla kummandla Voronezh. Ukuba uthe wagqithela uhambo oluya Voronezh, ngoko umele ngokuqinisekileyo xelela ukuba longquzulwano eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet kunye nesiJamani ngokufuthi beza melee yokulwa. nelahleko enkulu phezu kwicala ngalinye.

Ababhali-mbali abaye bafunda amaxwebhu yokugcina kwexesha, wafumanisa ukuba ezintathu kuphela iintsuku ngamnye yokulwa, Wezomkhosi 40 salahlekelwa ababuleweyo, wambulala yaye ayikho ngaphezu kwe-17 amawaka abantu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abantu abalwa, abasebenzi ezopolitiko nabathetheli. Bonke abo bathabatha inxaxheba kwezi amadabi ezinzima.

Imeko yangoku sisikhumbuzo

Kufuneka sivume ukuba emva ekuweni yiSoviet Union kwithuba elide, kwisakhiwo isikhumbuzo ezikwimeko engafanelekanga. Iimali ukungcitywa kunye nokulungiswa emva 1991 ngenkankulu bema ngaphandle.

Ngokwesiseko imeko sele uqalile ukutshintsha ngo-2012. Ngexesha imeko Isikhumbuzo nje ezibalulekileyo. Huge nemàbhula, ndinibumbela ingcwaba eliqhelekileyo, ukuba ngokuwa nangawuphi na umzuzu. Ngokuba imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa ezazifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo engange million ezintathu.

Kuphela a ukuxinga enjalo kwafunyanwa imali, kwaye ngokutsha kwe zakhiwo yesikhumbuzo yaqala.

Ukususela ngo-2009, inani ngeli xesha kukho omnye umqondiso sisikhumbuzo. Imbeko ilitye nguDmitry Donskoy sabekwa isiseko setempile kule ndawo.