Classification ngu ukuqanda Black: inkcazo, ngesidanga eklasini kunye nonyango

Yidityaniso - sisifo esibi. Kodwa oogqirha ziye ngendlela eyiyo ukujongana nesi sifo. Yintoni ukuhlelwa nemingxuma abamnyama? Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

ngamazinyo

"Ukuqanda" yi Latin bubonakala "rot". Le nkqubo kokunzima zophendlo lwezifo sluggishly eziphuma kwizihlunu nzima ngenxa yezinyo laso. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenzeka ngenxa ziziphumo ezidibeneyo oonobangela lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle eziyingozi.

Ngelo lokuqala ukubola bubonwa ngokutshatyalaliswa matrix somgquba lwawo kunye demineralization focal nesabelo salo ezingaphiliyo. Abadala nzima zamazinyo ukubola izihlunu, kuvela lweHo- kwi dentin. Ukuba isigulana akayi kufuna uncedo lonyango ixesha elide, kusenokubakho iingxaki le periodontal ukudumba kunye yintlama.

Inguqulo yokuqala

Yintoni na ke ukubekwa Black? Oku iqela Iziseko carious phezu izinyo. Kuye kwenziwa ngo-1896 ukuya ukumisela imilinganiselo amayeza kwimeko nganye clinical.

Le yokuhlela luquka iiklasi ezintlanu, nganye livelise inkqubo yayo Ukuzaliswa kunye nokulungiswa kwamazinyo. Kamva, le nkqubo iye ifakwe ukuya kwibanga lesithandathu. Namhlanje, kubonakala ngathi oku:

• Iklasi yokuqala - yidityaniso fissure ngokwaphulwa, nomgongxo kunye nemingxuma zendalo buccal, ukuhlafuna kunye imiphezulu izinyo iPalatine (fissure yidityaniso).
• Okwesibini - umonakalo iindawo zoqhagamshelwano imihlathi kunye premolars.
• Eyesithathu - i canines zoqhagamshelwano komhlaba yidityaniso kunye siphume, musa ukuyibamba imiphetho ahlabayo.
• kwibakala lesine - siphume kubola zinemali canines, ukucaphukisa ezindimeni elidlula.
• yidityaniso wesibeleko - yesihlanu. Kulo mzekelo, imiphezulu vestibular zamaqela amazinyo itshabalele.
• ibanga lesithandathu - umonakalo, zibekwe phezu kungqameko kusikwe le canines kunye siphume, premolars kunye imihlathi neenduli.

Inguqulo yesibini

Black Ukuhlelwa yidityaniso kwasendaweni imelwe kwiinguqulelo ezininzi. Ukuguqulwa wesibini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iklasi yokuqala iquka umonakalo kufutshane fissure (sulci zendalo).
• Okwesibini - izinyo ukubola, owayebonakele phezu iinqwelomoya ezinkulu imihlathi ezincinane.
• Eyesithathu - ukwandiswa ubuso zoqhagamshelwano canines kunye siphume elintlangothi ahlabayo igcinwe.
• Okwesine - yidityaniso kokuxhuma evele siphume kunye canines elintlangothi ahlabayo eyaphukileyo.
• Fifth iquka umonakalo wesibeleko.

Inguqulo lesithathu

Classification ngu Blake laziwa version yayo wesithathu. Namhlanje, oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iklasi yokuqala iquka umonakalo kule ndawo kwemingxuma zendalo kunye ehlola kwamazinyo.
• Okwesibini - ukuxinezeleka wabonakala phezu ubuso zoqhagamshelwano imihlathi ezincinane nezinkulu.
• Kudidi lwesithathu - kwisisu kubekwa phezu iindawo zoqhagamshelwano canines kunye siphume (elidlula ukuba asichukunyiswa).
• Okwesine - notch evela kwi canines kufuphi nokuhlangana iinqwelo-moya kunye siphume (eziphakanyiswe elidlula kunye iikona).
• Okwesihlanu - lweHo- kwasekwa kummandla ezintanyeni ngamazinyo zonke iindidi.
• Kamva wadalwa ibanga lesithandathu, ezibe ithathwa njengokuba nokuhlutha Nedlac ukuzikisa ingqondo: zokungqinga of ukuhlafuna nokusika imiphetho amazinyo ngaphambili.

WHO

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba kucalulo enjalo nemingxuma ngabantu abamnyama. NGUBANI inikeza uhlobo yayo. ICD-10, oko sijongeka njengoku:

• nokubola yezinyo lwawo;
• dentin eyonakeleyo;
• intshabalalo zesamente;
• ukonakala, wayeka ngenxa bempembelelo ukuba iiseshoni ukhuseleko nococeko;
• odontoklaziya, apho yokuduka kwamazinyo iingcambu avuthulukayo;
• enye zibola;
• rot unadjusted.

Ubunzulu sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi

Enyanisweni, ngokutsho yokuhlela Black uye wafumana isicelo yayo ehlabathini. Ngu degree of ukutshatyalaliswa yidityaniso yahlulwe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• siqala wokuqala;
• iveze ukuphazamiseka;
• yidityaniso aphakathi;
• ukubola enzulu.

Ngelo isanda yophuhliso yidityaniso kwi izinyo surface ibala emnyama okanye ezimhlophe. Noko ke, wayesebenzisa i kumphezulu ogudileyo, ekubeni intshabalalo yokwakheka kodwa. ibala wabonakala isuswe ngoogqirha izixhobo zamazinyo. Bona remineralizing amazinyo, ukuzama ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwe-sifo.

In inyathelo elilandelayo umphantsi nomphezulu zibhuqiwe wayesebenzisa impendulo kukutshintsha ubushushu kabukhali amanzi kunye nokutya, kunye nokutya kwakhona asidi kwaye okuneziqholo ibonakala. izinyo umda yokuba rough. Ngelo xesha, oogqirha nibusile kummandla ochaphazelekayo uze remineralization yayo. Ngamanye amaxesha yidityaniso ezibalulekileyo iphathwa kunye nokulungiselela kunye nokuzaliswa.

Vuma ngezigaba zamazinyo iziphene zeethishu nzima yi Black sisixhobo kakhulu bamazinyo. Kwaye yintoni a yidityaniso ephakathi? Kwesi sigaba, umaleko wayesebenzisa le izinyo wamginya ukuze intlungu ethile osisigxina okanye ngakanye. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo yokubola sele ifikelele umaleko eliphezulu dentin.

Akumangalisi ke, amazinyo ifuna ungenelelo enyanzelekileyo zonyango, apho ugqirha lususa kummandla ochaphazelekayo aze abuyisele kunye ngoncedo izinto uphawu.

Kwaye ngoku khangela yidityaniso enzulu. Esi sifo sizibonakalisa intshabalalo onomtsalane izicwili zamazinyo, esilimaza kakhulu dentin. Ukuba kweli nqanaba ngoyaba unyango, yintlama unako kutshatyalaliswa. Ngenxa yoko, isigulane lisenokuba pulpitis okanye periodontitis.

Uvuleke kulungiselelwa. ukuvezwa

Classification yi Blake yenza isiseko zamazinyo. ukulungiselela kwisisu lwenziwa ngokwamanqanaba amahlanu. Siye sifunde imithetho esisiseko kulo mzekelo kwiklasi yokuqala nemingxuma, ecetywayo ugqirha odumileyo.

Ngelo isanda nto iphuma lweHo- lokuvula wenziwe. ukulungiselela izinyo luqala ekupheleni nokususwa podrytymi wayesebenzisa ngaphandle ngaphantsi esempilweni, dentine ashinyeneyo. Ngenxa yoko udonga engumnqantsa. Inani excised tissue ezibunjwe ukucaza dentin yokubola egumbini. Kweli nqanaba, ugqirha kufuneka banike ukufikelela imbono kakuhle lweHo- kunye nokusebenza kwayo phambili.

Oogqirha disclosure ukuvelisa makhasi ungqukuva okanye fissure eyenziwe diamond okanye khabhayithi waqinisa. Isixhobo ubukhulu elivumelana ubungakanani igalelo beso le lekhefu. Iingcali basebenzisa tips injini ejikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye ukupholisa amanzi-moya.

ukwandiswa

Ukuhlelwa ukuqanda yi Black isetyenziselwa ixesha elide kwaye kuluncedo kakhulu oogqirha bamazinyo emsebenzini wabo. Yintoni ulwandiso sizikhusele? Kweli nqanaba luyaqhubeka ukuchonga kwisisu carious. Ngesi msebenzi, ugqirha ezama ukunqanda ukubola kwamazinyo nezolo. engaphandle ingcali icacisa imilo lokugqiba kwisisu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokungqinelana indlela "nengqiqo begazi" I. G. Lukomskogo, emathambekeni e ekulungiseleleni eli nyathelo sele zenziwe.

Ukuba ugqirha ikhokelwa ubugcisa, ukhuseleko reaming Black, uvelisa Ukusikwa olukhulu kwimimandla basengozini ukubola, kwimimandla omzimba. Ukwandiswa yidityaniso nzulu oko kwenziwe okanye tapered makhasi fissure (khabhayithi okanye diamond). Kwangaxeshanye kusetyenziswa Ukupholisa ngamanzi-moya.

Ukuhlelwa amazinyo Blake ibonelela ukuzaliswa zothintelo, esebenzisa apho kunciphise ilahleko lwesakhiwo izinyo abasempilweni moya occlusal. Ukuba indawo ye kwisisu carious lisusiwe, zonke izicwili ukubola excised le fissure kuphela phakathi lwawo. Emazantsi lekhefu kulo angaphambili nonclassic - elirhangqiweyo okanye uphumile.

Xa eveza fissure ugqirha alisusi isixa esikhulu kwithishyu: kwanele ukuphumeza ubunzulu groove ka 1-1.5 mm kunye ububanzi 0.7-0.8 mm, ngaphandle lemka emdeni lwawo. Kwakhona uphepha nokudalwa ezibukhali.

Kwilizwe lethu, njengoko umgaqo, kuba Ukusikwa ehlola (fissurotomii) asebenzise makhasi zezindlu emxinwa. Maxa wambi lo msebenzi wenziwa umkhonto kunye uqheliso plamevidnymi.

necrosectomy

Inqanaba elilandelayo ukususwa yidityaniso - necrectomy. Ugqirha ususa yidityaniso dentin olumanzi kwaye ulwehlo le lekhefu. Zone Unxunguphalo demineralization kunye ngongoma morphological lwembono, eli nyathelo iyapheliswa. Imida emathambekeni sidalwe kummandla dentin ezingonakalanga ngaphaya.

ukubunjwa

Okulandelayo, ugqirha unika lweHo- imilo leyo eyenza igalelo nokukhuselwa oluthembekileyo itywina. Kufuneka ekwazi ukumelana elaneleyo izinyo waphilisa namandla kwi imithwalo ezisebenzayo. Kweli nqanaba, i yokugqibela bakha yakhiwe yangaphakathi langaphandle le ibinomthwebeba.

Le ngontsi uyila fissure, plamevidnymi, etsobhileyo kwe-emile kunye makhasi (khabhayithi nekalikedo) kunye ozikhethelayo Ukupholisa ngamanzi-moya. Yingcali yenza injini handpiece ku gqiba nge ngesantya esiphezulu. Imilo ezifunwayo lekhefu ifunyenwe ngenxa yokunganyangeki kunye nokugcinwa.

Xa begqiba

Emva phambili khabhayithi okanye diamond makhasi wayesebenzisa edge lekhefu uzuza imilo igophe, ukuba buthathaka, oko qhagamshelana iprism eziphulukene nalo eli laphu asezantsi. Kwixesha elizayo oko kunceda ukutshintsha kwamanani itywina kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo putrefactive. Ezi bokuqonda isidingo Ukugqiba - emaphethelweni machining lokugqibela lweHo-, ngenxa ekufuneka mayisuswe iindawo lwawo yonakele.

Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha ukufikelela konxibelelwano kunye oluthembekileyo fit phakathi isakhiwo izinyo kunye nokugcwaliswa. Olu sebenziso 16 no-32 makhasi Granite ophela okanye iintloko diamond ocoliweyo-olungisiweyo wenziwe.

YooGqirha uqheliso zisebenza ngesantya esisezantsi ngaphandle uxinzelelo efunekayo Ukupholisa ngamanzi-moya. Kananjalo liphathwa elitywinwe ngohlangothi izikhwezeli umda gingival neemela lwawo, ukususa umaleko obhityileyo olungaphandle izinyo kwaye ngaphandle neziphumo ezingalunganga ezinokwenzeka kuyo nobushushu, ukungcangcazela kunye nezinye izinto.

Njengoko ubona, unyango lwamazinyo kakhulu yinkqubo enzima, kodwa ukuba ixesha ukubona ugqirha uncedo, sinako ukugcina Hollywood uncumo kwiminyaka ezayo.