Cocoa emthini. Apho ikhula umthi ekoko? iziqhamo othunyelwa

Kutheni chocolate iqala? Lo mbuzo uyazi impendulo nokuba umntwana. Chocolate luqala koko. Le imveliso unalo igama elifanayo njengoko imithi ikhula. iziqhamo kakhokho ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni iilekese, yaye kubo ukupheka isiselo emnandi.

indaba

Sisihlandlo sokuqala koko afumaneka kwiincwadi abasusela kwiminyaka 1500 BC. Kunxweme olusemazantsi of the Gulf of Mexico bantu baphila Olmec. abameli bayo basebenzisa le mveliso ukutya. Kamva ngale siqhamo livela kwiincwadi zembali kunye nemizobo abantu bamandulo yamaMaya. Ayekholelwa engcwele nekoko umthi yaye bekholelwa ukuba bambi thaca ngayo eluntwini. Sela eyenziwe ezi mbotyi ndingasela kuphela iinkokheli kunye nababingeleli. Kamva Aztecs lamkela inkcubeko kunye nokukhula ekoko neziselo ukulungiselela lukaThixo. Ezi iziqhamo ababenalo ukuze wathenga ikhoboka.

I baseYurophu bokuqala ukuze uxhamle isiselo ilungiselelwa ukusuka koko yaba Columbus. Kodwa wamazwe odumileyo akazange akuyixabisi kwi ukuxabiseka kwayo oyinyaniso. Mhlawumbi isizathu yaba incasa engaqhelekanga le othululwayo. Kwaye mhlawumbi sizathu kukuba chokolatl (ngoko ebizwa ukuba bakhona) silungiswe kongezwe bako ezininzi, kuquka pepper.

Kwakuba mzuzwana, kamva kwintsimi efanayo yaseSpain Cortes (umnqobi Mexico), apho bokubonisa isiselo yasekuhlaleni. Yaye kungekudala, ekoko ivela eSpeyin. Ngowe-1519 iqala imbali cocoa chocolate eYurophu. Kangangexesha elide ezi mveliso zazifumaneka kuphela wabanumzana, ukumkani, kwaye iminyaka 100 akukhange ethatyathwe kwintsimi iSpanish. Emva kwexesha elithile iziqhamo phesheya kusekho waqalisa ukusasaza lonke elaseYurophu, nangoko ukufumana iifeni kunye iingcali.

Lonke eli xesha le ekoko kusetyenziselwa ukwenza isiselo entle. Kuphela xa iimbotyi baye bafikelela eSwitzerland, khekhe wasekuhlaleni eyenziweyo Itshokolethi bha esiqinileyo. Kodwa ixesha elide, la okukhona zazifumaneka kuphela wabanumzana, nezityebi.

ulwazi jikelele

kakhokho umthi kuyinto siluhlaza. igama layo ebukekayo - Theobromacacao. Ngelo ukuphakama kwayo nga ukufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15, kodwa Kwiimeko ezinjalo zinqabile. Amaninzi, ukuphakama kwemithi engaphenduli ngaphezu kweemitha-8. Amagqabi zinkulu, ecwebezelayo, abe umbala oluhlaza emnyama. Flowers kakhokho encinane, ukuya ku-1 cm ububanzi, yaye inowuthi babe ithinti etyheli okanye obomvu. Bona ibekwe ngqo esiqwini ye umthi petioles ezincinane, peduncles. Fruits ukuze bahlole 0.5 kg kwaye ukuya kwi-30 cm ubude. Imilo ziyafana yelamuni, phakathi apho kungabonwa imbewu malunga ne-3 cm ubude. Ipete iziqhamo inokuba ukuya ku-50 iimbewu. Ukuba ukuguqulela igama esi sityalo na Latin, sifumana 'ukutya woothixo. " Kakhokho imithi ikhula eMzantsi Merika, mpuma Asia, Australia kunye West Afrika.

Kulinywa esi sityalo - ngumsebenzi onzima, njengoko ebino layo ehlekisayo kakhulu. Ngokuba fruiting elungileyo kwaye rhoqo kufuna lobushushu eliphezulu nokufuma rhoqo. Le kwemozulu ifumaneka kuphela band zemvula. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukutyala umthi nekoko kwindawo apho abuyi kubonwa ukuba ngqo elangeni. Ehlabathini imfuneko ukukhula imithi, nto leyo eya kudala umthunzi yendalo.

Ukudalwa othunyelwa

Ukuhlalutya ekwakhiweni koko inokuba ixesha elide ukutshintshela izinto kunye izinto eziqulathwe apha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaninzi baye ukunikela ingqalelo kakhulu iimbotyi kakhokho ekrwada kunye consigning ukuba le ebizwa ngokuba "superfudam". Lo mbono ke zaphicothwa, kwaye idata yokugqibela kule kodwa akukho mntu ubaphayo.

izakhiwo eziluncedo

Ekoko iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izinto, azafunyanelwa ndawo leyo wenza emzimbeni womntu. Ezinye zazo iyingenelo, abanye enze into embi.

Elements ezifana amafutha, iikhabhohayidrethi, iiproteins imifuno, starch, acids eziphilayo, yingenelo kwimpilo yabantu. Vitamins B, A, E, iiminerali, folic acid - konke oku kwakhona iyimfuneko ukuze isikolo sisebenze kakuhle umzimba wethu. Nisele elenziwe ekoko yangumgubo, ngokugqibeleleyo iithowuni kunye ngokukhawuleza enyakamisa. Unako kuyisela, nkqu nabo umzimba, kodwa kuphela, kufuneka ube ikomityi enye ngosuku.

Kwakhona kuluncedo kwaye itshokolethi, apho ekwakhiweni kuba ngaphezu kwe-70% koko. Yena uye nje kuphela isiphumo entle ezityeni intliziyo negazi, kodwa yamnandi anti-oxidant (ezifana tea eluhlaza kunye apile).

Abantu abo benza umsebenzi onzima emzimbeni, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iimbotyi ezingakhange unenzondelelo unyango thermal. Le imveliso ngokupheleleyo ibuyisela amandla kunye nezihlunu. Kwakhona, kucetyiswa ukuba zongezwe ukutya yabadlali abo bahlangabezana umthambo rhoqo.

Izimo

Ekoko akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Isizathu sesokuba izinto ezisegumbini isiqhamo kulo mthi zinqanda calcium ukufunxeka. Kwaye le ngxenye kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso olungekazalwa. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ikhefu ekutyeni equlathe izixa ezikhulu koko, okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo.

Kwakhona kwi iimbotyi ekoko oko kuquka 0.2% caffeine. Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuqaliswa imveliso enjalo ekutyeni usana ukutya.

iintlobo

Umgangatho, incasa kunye livumba imveliso ixhomekeke nje kuphela uhlobo, kodwa kananjalo indawo apho nokukhula lomthi ekoko. Kwakhona kuchaphazela kwakhe lobushushu okukufutshane nokufuma, umhlaba kunye nemvula.

"Forastero"

Yeyona oluthandwa kakhulu koko. Ukuveliswa ihlabathi ibekwe 1 kwaye 80% yesityalo iyonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba lo mthi ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye anike ingqokelela aphezulu rhoqo cocoa. Iveliswe kwisiqhamo olu hlobo chocolate na incasa ezimuncu kancinane kundihluthisa ngobukrakra isici. Sikhula phezu imimandla Afrika, kwakunye kuMbindi naseMzantsi Merika.

"Criollo"

Bomanyano hlobo - Mexico kunye Central America. Imithi bavelise isivuno esikhulu, kodwa basengozini kakhulu izifo kunye neempembelelo bangaphandle. Ngomhla yeemalike ukuya kwi-10% yolu hlobo koko apho. Chocolate yenziwa kulo, isiphathele incasa yobuciko incasa slabogorkogo ekhethekileyo.

"Trinitario"

Yabola ntlobo ezifunyenwe ukuwela "Criollo" yaye "Forastero". Iziqhamo babe ohlala ivumba kunye ekoko umthi ngaphantsi basengozini zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa ubungozi yokulahlekelwa lwezityalo kwaye ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza ezahlukeneyo ukunyanga. Ngenxa yokuba ntlobo ucime ngenxa yokuwela ezimbili ezingcono iintlobo chocolate ezihlanganisiweyo, asinto ibe ubukrakra ezimnandi kunye incasa olugqibeleleyo. Wahlakulela olu hlobo e-Asia, kuMbindi naseMzantsi Merika.

"National"

Ekoko Iimbotyi ezi zilwanyana kufuneka ivumba ezikhethekileyo njalo. Noko ke, le mithi ikhula kunzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, kuyokwenzeka ukuba izifo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuhlangana olu hlobo koko ezishelfini okanye nokwakhiwa chocolate kunokuba kunqabile kakhulu. ntlobo ezilinywa Umzantsi Melika.

Kakhokho okuthambisa

kakhokho ibhotolo ngenxa yayo yaye sele isetyenziswa cosmetology. Kakade ke, ngenxa izicelo kweli candelo, ukuba angaba ezikumgangatho ophezulu Umgubo. ibhotolo ekoko Natural unalo umbala omthubi-cream kunye ivumba ukukhanya uphawu kwisiqhamo nto yenziwe kuzo. Loo imveliso zizityebi polysaccharides, iivithamini, iiproteins imifuno, intsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Yena ubuye antioxidant olomeleleyo.

rhoqo ibhotolo ekoko ezisetyenziswa iimaski, emva koko isikhumba ziyamelana ilanga yaye kubanda. lobushushu yokunyibilika Natural imveliso kufika kumgomo we 34, ngoko ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise lisenziwa shushu ngako emanzini emanzini. Isikhumba ngokulula ngokubamba ioli, emva koko kube hydrated kakuhle. Kwakhona, ngenxa ibhotolo ekoko nokuphelisa ukutyabuka, iphucula ulusu luthambe kwaye ibalekisa zokunyanga amanxeba ezincinane.

production

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, mhlawumbi, kuba nzima ukuba ndidibane nomntu umfo ongamenzanga ukwazi iilekese, koko. Njengoko kusetyenziswa kwishishini confectionery, amayeza kunye cosmetology, oku iimveliso mthi ngokuqinileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi, ukulidla kukho inxalenye ebalulekileyo ingeniso. Ngoko ke, imveliso ekoko lishishini nenzuzo, nto leyo izisa ingeniso yonyaka-ngeenxa zonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba umthi i evergreen kwaye lukhula kwiindawo apho ilanga usoloko ekhona, ubushushu kunye nokufuma. Ngonyaka omnye, ndisiya 3-4 ukuvunwa.

Emva igqampe izithole kufuneka iziqhamo yokuqala ukuvela ngomnyaka wesine ubomi emthini. iintyatyambo kakhokho okwentyatyambo esiqwini kunye kweengqimba zamafu, kukho ibunjiwe abaqolileyo iimbotyi. iintlobo ezahlukileyo iziqhamo xa ukulungele ukuthatha imibala eyahlukeneyo: omdaka, antsundu okanye grupo.

Nokuvuna nokwenziwa

iziqhamo kakhokho ukusika esiqwini ka umthi kunye imela ebukhali, wathumela ngoko nangoko ukuba processing. Kule workshop iziqhamo uyagawulwa, uthathe iimbotyi, ndiwutwabulule phezu amagqabi banana bamgubungela nabo phezulu. Ukubila uqala inkqubo nobuhlala ukusuka kwiintsuku-1 ukuya kwisi-5. Ngeli xesha, incasa ubuncwane iimbotyi ekoko wafumana kwaye yobukrakra, esiti isusiwe.

izibonelelo Eminye wafumana atshe iiveki 1-1.5 kunye rhoqo ndixoxa 1 ixesha ngosuku. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka ukuba balahlekelwe-7% nokufuma. Emva kokuba yaphuse nokuhlela iimbotyi ezipakishwe ezingxoweni jute yendalo ize igcinwe iminyaka eliqela.

Indlela yokwenza ekoko umgubo namasi ekoko

Oil ekoko womisa ezigcadiweyo iziqhamo ze athunyelwe phantsi kumatshini hydraulic. Ngenxa yoko, oku kushiya i oyile leyo emva processing isicelo kwishishini confectionery ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwe tshokoleti. Oil Ikeyiki bayisile ibe ngumgubo kwaye ohluzwe ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungulo. Ngaloo wafumana powder nekoko. Emva koko ke ingalungiswa ithunyelwe ziyathengiswa.