Combatant - ngubani na le nto? Ngubani na lo combatant yaye yintoni na imeko yayo ngamazwe?

Kudala-dala eYurophu yayenzelwe imikhosi alwayo afika endle kwaye ugqibe imibuzo ukuba ngubani ophetheyo, ogama intsimi waza wenza kwamanye kwezopolitiko "isuke." Kodwa ngoxa nabathetheli abaninzi baqesha ekuthiwa ruterov ophanga, wababulala abantu ngaphandle nayiphi imithetho, yaye kartel baba kuzo omsulwa. Ngoko ke, imibuzo soloko kukho izikhalazo ngubani na ukulwa nje ngendlela kungquzulwano ngezixhobo, njengoko abo bantu kufuneka ukubizwa. Ngoko kwabonakala igama elithi "combatant". Ilizwi uza kuthi evela isiFrentshi, yaba kuthetha umntu obandakanyeka ngqo kuyo nayiphi na ungquzulwano kunye nezixhobo ngezandla zabo.

Ngoobani aba bafo

abantu abanjalo ukuba ubesoloko ekho, kodwa imo yezomthetho ezizodwa ezifunyenwe kakhulu kutshanje. Oku kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ngowe-1907, xa yayamkela ekuthiwa-yesine Convention Hague. Kulo mzi Dutch, apho, ngokwesithethe, kujongwane nemiba ezininzi kumazwe ngamazwe, kwabanjwa inkomfa okhethekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, kakhulu-mpikiswano ende kwaye acrimonious, nxaxheba ekuvunyelwene bodwa iinqobo ngayo amajoni imikhosi alwayo ukuze ukubizwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke ekuliwa phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe - lwabantu abathatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano ngezixhobo, kodwa lwahluke amanye amaqela asebenzisa iindlela zobundlobongela.

Ezi nkcukacha neeyantlukwano

Kakade ke, olu hlobo ekulweni amajoni olusemthethweni. Kodwa njengoko imisebenzi zomkhosi kuqhutywa kuphela yimikhosi rhoqo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zonke iintlobo ngabavukeli, kwagqitywa ukuba ekuliwa na. Kuba kumele oku Amabutho ntliziyo kufuneka zimelane neemfuno ezithile. Okokuqala, kufuneka babe abaziintloko ngubani onoxanduva ngezenzo zabo. Kufuneka ube ezinye iimpawu yokwahlula okanye uhlobo apho uya kuba kucacile ukuba amajoni hayi zamajoni. Ke aba bantu kufuneka banxibe isixhobo ngokuphandle. Ukongeza, kufuneka athobele umthetho noluntu ekuqhutyweni kwemisebenzi zomkhosi, kwakunye emkhosini rhoqo.

Oko lithembele bafo

Kwenzeka ukuba, inani "abantu abalwa eyaziwayo" ezinjalo ungangenisa zamajoni obeyithabathe phezulu iingalo ngenxa kuhlasela ngesiquphe utshaba umkhosi, ukuba amajoni rhoqo akazange ukuphatha ukuba kuwukhusela lo mmandla baza bashiya iiyunithi zabo khona. Kodwa ke kufuneka akazifezekisi zonke iinqobo ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, abemi bamazwe eyaba ilungu Protocol sokuQala Geneva Iindibano ka-1948, akazange ukuba banxibe uphawu olwahlukileyo. Noko ke, okuseleyo yebango, kubandakanywa ukuphatha open kwezixhobo, kwelinye icala kubani adubule, ahlale. Oku kuthetha ukuba combatant - umntu kubeka ngokuzithandela kwakhe esichengeni sokwenzakaliswa okanye abulawe. Kwimeko lungabanjwa ziintshaba, ufanelwe ukuba POW isimo. Kwaye ukujongana naso, ngokulandelelana.

Ukuba sithetha yabaqhubi wamajoni, ukuba aluvumelekanga ukudubula ukuba umhlaba ngokuthi iparashute evela moya waphu-, yaye ngoko ke kufuneka ucele ukuba anikezele.

combatant esibalaseleyo unprivileged

Lo mahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo abalwa ezisekelwe kulandelayo: ngelixa owayephethwe de facto, de jure amaqela athile abantu ingangafikeleli iinqobo ze-Convention Hague. Umzekelo, ukuba amajoni okanye wamajoni wadubula amabanjwa, kokugqiba off umthetho iingxwelerha okanye ngenye bahlukumeze wobuntu. Ukongeza, iintlola, mercenaries, nabani na kuwa phantsi kwezi ndidi zingasentla bafo unprivileged. Umthetho wehlabathi ufuna ukuba xa kuthe kwamathandabuzo ukuba oko kwakuthetha zokulwa yomntu, oko ekuqaleni iqulethwe umbanjwa yemfazwe, uze emva koko ugqiba bayahlelwa yamatyala ekhethekileyo.

Yintoni lindela combatant?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Protocol ezongezelelweyo kwi- Geneva Iindibano ka-1977 inika ubume ekuliwa ekulweni amaqela, nokuba amandla okanye igunya akukho ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo yi amaqela alwayo. Kuba inkoliso izilwi karhulumente uxanduva, okanye ubuncinane umyalelo wakhe. Kunika naye ilungelo ukubulala adubule abulale, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ilungelo iyalele ukuba yaphula imithetho emfazwe kunye namalungelo oluntu.

Ekuliwa ebizwa kutshanje kuphela nxaxheba yongquzulwano ngamazwe, kodwa abameli esandleni ukulwa, esineenkani, xa sithetha iingxaki yangaphakathi kwelinye ilizwe. Kodwa kulo mzekelo kufuneka athobele imiqathango yomthetho. Njengoko ngokuba ekuliwa unprivileged, ukuba akhuselwe isiThathu kwakunye Geneva wesine Iindibano. Kufuneka ulindele okusesikweni nobulungisa.

Ngoobani non-bafo

Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo edumileyo, kuba abemi kuphela zamajoni. Ekuliwa and non-ekuliwa - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umahluko phakathi kwabantu abo semkhosini (hayi kubaluleke kangaka, rhoqo okanye ivolontiya), kodwa hayi ekulweni ngokwayo. Aba bantu bangaba bakhonze umkhosi, ukuba iintatheli, amagqwetha, abefundisi, kodwa akazange athathe inxaxheba kwemfazwe. mabangaze bavunyelwe ukuba basebenzise izixhobo for self-yokuzikhusela. Ngoko ke, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu uyakuthintela ukwenza ekujoliswe kuzo ukuya emfazweni, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko xa ngokwabo sebeqala ukuba bazibandakanye kumlo waza wonakalelwa isimo sabo. Ukuba zivalelwa, bengengabo amabanjwa emfazwe. ukubulala kwawo lulwaphulo-mthetho kwamalungelo oluntu.

Kuba non-ekuliwa nazo abantu izilwi de jure, kodwa abazange bathathe inxaxheba kule mpi. States eziye wangayamkeli zonke kuyimfuneko ukuba athobele izivumelwano nomthetho wobulungisa ezifana Rome Statute of the International Court Criminal uya kunyanzeleka ukuba, ubuncinane, kungekhona non-ekuliwa batyakatywa, bengalwamkelanga ukubathoba isidima sabo, ukuthatha nabafo abazizibambiso njalo njalo.