Iisimboli State of Russia: imbali kunye nentsingiselo

ERashiya, njengoko naliphi na ilizwe, kukho imiqondiso ezintathu ezisemthethweni: iflegi, imifanekiso kunye umhobe. Bonke bephela kwasekwa ngenxa somersaults ezininzi zembali. Evolution of imifuziselo karhulumente Russian impikiswano engenakulibaleka. Amaxesha amaninzi, izisombululo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo ngokuchasiweyo endala. Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso heraldry yesizwe zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu: kwesikhulu (royal), eSoviet kunye mihla.

flag of Russia

iisimboli Modern Russian karhulumente uqala nge flag. Okoxande iflegi ezimhlophe-blowu-ebomvu abazaziyo wonke ummi weli lizwe. Kuye kwavunywa kuthelekiswa kutshanje: ngo-1993. isiganeko ebonakalayo kwenzeka olwandulela zokwamkelwa siseko ngurhulumente omtsha. Ngelo xesha linye ngexesha ubukho bayo, i-Russia Democratic iiflegi ezimbini. Le ukhetho lokuqala yayisetyenziswa ngo-1991-1993. Kukho umahluko ezimbini eziphambili phakathi kweenguqulelo ezimbini ingoma eziqhelekileyo. Flag ka 1991-1993. abathe kratya kwisigi- 2: 1 (ubude nobubanzi) kwaye kwachazwa ngokuthi emhlophe-red-Azure, nelandela yayo bafumana umlinganiselo we-2: 3 kunye nomthetho nangoku kuchazwa mhlophe, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu.

iisimboli karhulumente Russian namhlanje ukuba ayakhekanga ukusuka ekuqaleni. Umzekelo, i-tri-umbala iflegi abemi baqalisa ukusebenzisa kwi Rally owatshabalalisa i-USSR kwi 1980 - 1990. Kodwa nosuku ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba umthombo ukuvela luphawu ebalulekileyo yesizwe.

ingubo kaPetros

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala tricolor wavuswa kwabafileyo ngo-1693. Nendwangu fluttered enqanaweni uPetros I. Ukongeza amaqela amathathu ubuzinyaswe njengexhalanga-headed ezimbini. Ngoko ke wasebenzisa ixesha lokuqala kuphela kwiplanga elimcambalala omhlophe, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu, kodwa iisimboli karhulumente Russian wadibana. Flag of Peter I wasinda kulo namhlanje. Ngoku ke igcinwa kwi-Central Naval Museum. Le ndawo akabanyulanga ngengozi. Xa iileta zakhe, nguzwilakhe ebizwa iflegi wamisa "ulwandle." Nabo Eneneni, ekubeni tricolor ukubunjwa kwakunxibelelene ibihleli ndawonye nesinqanawa.

I uPetros A. waba ngumdali kwendwe Andrews. Saltire reference kungayanyaniswa emnqamlezweni Andreya Pervozvannogo, kuba luphawu izithuthi sele mihla. Ngoko kwilizwe lethu iisimboli zomkhosi kunye nemeko zodonga sase yaseRashiya. Ke iflegi omhlophe-blowu-ezibomvu, ixesha komlawuli sele Ndizuze okhuphisanayo kakhulu.

umbala Black-yellow-white

Ulwazi lokuqala malunga iiflegi abamnyama-yellow-ezimhlophe kwakucingwa ukuba era uAnny Ioannovny (1730.). Banomdla kule iflegi efanayo kwenzeka emva kweMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi nxamnye kukaNapoleon xa yaqala uthumelela esidlangalaleni ngeeholide.

Phantsi Nicholas Mna, lo mbala iye yenziwa hayi kuphela emkhosini, kodwa yoluntu. Ekugqibeleni, lo ibakala elisemthethweni weflegi abamnyama-yellow-umhlophe ngo-1858. Tsar Alexander II wakhupha umyalelo njengako apho le yolawulo wayelingana Imperial Isitampu Duty, yaye ukususela ngoko, eneneni weza kusetyenziswa njengoko iflegi yesizwe. Ngoko omnye uphawu esongezelelwe iisimboli karhulumente Russian.

flag Imperial

Umthetho 1858 Iflegi yasebukhosini waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo kwimiboniso, imibhiyozo, kwimiju-, izakhiwo zikarhulumente kufuphi esemthethweni. umbala Black kuyinto kubhekiswa Isitampu Duty black eagle kabini-intloko. Yellow sasivela, niyathandana ukuya heraldry lamaByzantine. LoGayo-umbala Georgiya Pobedonostsa, ngonaphakade nobunyulu.

Ngokutsho nesigqibo kwintlanganiso eyodwa imbali ngo-1896 njenge wesizwe Russian yaye eyaziwayo owayesakuba iflegi uPetros. Le ibekwa of Nicholas II, lo kuqhutywa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, ngokutsho imibala ezimhlophe, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu. Nangona kunjalo, lo ilaphu emthubi namnyama kwaqhubeka ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantu (umzekelo, le Amakhulu Black). Namhlanje, iflegi kwenkulungwane XIX enxulumene becala isizwe Russian kunye Romanov kwexesha.

leSoviet

Lonke uphawu 3 isimo Russia wasinda leSoviet, ngexesha apho iingcamango ezindala zemka ngokupheleleyo kwaye kulityalwa. Emva 1917, zombini iflegi Russian zibe phantsi kokuvalwa de facto. imfazwe Civil ubanike intsingiselo entsha: imibala ngoku ezinxulumene nentshukumo ezimhlophe elula anti-eSoviet.

iisimboli karhulumente Russian ezisetyenziswa iqela eSoviet Union, linqwenela ukugxininisa ilizwe nangona ideology eklasini. Ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu iflegi ezimhlophe-blowu-ezibomvu wenziwa utyando Vlasov (njengoko eSt Andrew kaThixo iflegi - ezinye abahleli). Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa xa kufika ixesha lokuba ekuweni eSoviet Union, i baseRashiya kwakhona sikhunjuzwa ibhena uPetros. Kwezinto ezininzi kule ndlela kuba imihla ye-Agasti mdibi. Ngo-Agasti 1991, abachasi mdibi kakhulu basebenzisa umbala omhlophe-blowu-ebomvu. Emva kokoyiswa mdibi ukuba ukuhlanganiswa zokuphelisa kwinqanaba federal.

ESoviet Union kule minyaka 1924-1991. Oku ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo neflegi ebomvu kunye isando irhengqa. parallel RSFSR waba uphawu yalo yesazisi sakhe. Ngowe-1918-1954 gg. kwaba iflegi obomvu kunye nombhalo "RSFSR". Ngoko ke incwadi wanyamalala. Ngowe-1954-1991 gg. panel ebomvu ezakusetyenziswa irhengqa, isando, inkwenkwezi kunye ngombala oluhlaza emphethweni ngasekhohlo.

ukhozi double

Ngaphandle ingubo iingalo nembali yamajoni imifuziselo karhulumente ka-Russia aluyi kugqibelela. version yayo mihla ezivunyiweyo ngo-1993. Isiseko ubume - ukhozi-headed ezimbini. I kuboniswa Ikhaka Georgiy Pobedonosets ukuzibulala inyoka (dragon). nezinye iimpawu ezifunekayo ezimbini - orb kunye nentonga. Le lezinga ezisemthethweni umbhali mihla - Artist Abantu ngayo Russian Federation evgeniy Uhnalev. Xa umzobo yakhe kuthwa iingcamango eziqukwe zaphawula ahlukeneyo kwimbali yelizwe.

Symbols kwamandla karhulumente eRashiya badla iyaphikisana. Ngoko ke, ngo-1992-1993. imifanekiso esisemthethweni xifaniso ngehamile baza irhengqa isidanga kweendlebe. Kweli xesha lifutshane, xa kusenziwa, iye isetyenziswe njengomqondiso yalo, nalowo eyayisetyenziswa phaya RSFSR.

Shicilela kwesikhulu

Kwisindululo seMbasa yeSizwe, kwakunye namanye karhulumente kunye neempawu zomkhosi of Russia iingcambu ezendeleyo zembali. Bashiya ngemihla ekuqaleni kwamandla njengenkosana. Iingcali zibhekisela Umfuziselo yokuqala imifanekiso maxesha phezu amatywina. EMoscow abathetheli kule ekupheleni waya silhouettes of azingobalamleli babo abangamaKristu.

Ngo-1497 kule heraldry Russian wabonakala ukhozi uyaphi. yokuqala akhe cinezela lwabo basebenzisa i-Grand Prince Ivan Iii. Uyaziqonda ukubaluleka yeesimboli karhulumente ka-Russia. Imbali Eli lizwe iye yahlanganiswa ngokusondeleyo ne-Orthodox baseByzantium uBukhosi. Loo abalawuli yamaGrike, Ivan III waboleka intaka ngentsomi. Ngesi senzo ke, wabethelela ukuba Russia - ezihlangwini ukuya kusanda zitshone zisabonakala Byzantium.

I ingubo iingalo yoBukhosi Russian

I ingubo iingalo yoBukhosi baseRashiya engazange ndawonye. Uye watshintsha amaxesha amaninzi yaye baba ngakumbi nzima ngakumbi. Romanovsky lezinga ubonakalisa iimpawu ezininzi ezahlula iisimboli endala Russian karhulumente. Imbali "nokwanda" wophawu lu dityanisiwe iinzuzo lwengingqi bukhosi. Ngokuzoba ukhozi emnyama kabini-headed kunye kwexesha wongezelela namakhaka amancinci, personifying izikumkani ziqhotyoshelweyo Kazan, Astrakhan, Polish, etc ...

Ukuntsonkotha ubume kophawu lwesizwe kwakhokelela ezabelwe iziko ngo-1882 iinguqulelo ezintathu kule uphawu lwesizwe: amancinci, aphakathi kunye enkulu. Ke njengokhozi, kwakunye mihla, wafumana intonga kunye orb. Ezinye iimpawu olubonakalayo zezi: Georgiy Pobedonosets, isigcina yomfanekiso Alexander Nevsky Archangels Gabriel Michael. Figure sabeka ebomvu utyikityo "Sh Unathi Bog!". Ngowe-1992, iKomishoni siseko yamkele uMthetho osaYilwayo okhozi komlawuli abamnyama njengoko ingubo Russian ingalo. Le mbono khange ndaqonda ngenxa kwivoti ayiphumelelanga eSoviet Ephakamileyo.

Izando nezixholo, irhengqa inkwenkwezi

Ngubani weza amandla emva revolution, kwiBolsheviks yamkela ingubo yiSoviet ingalo ngo-1923. ukubukeka kwawo jikelele ayizange iguquke de ngokuwa USSR. I ezintsha kuphela yaba ukongeza tape ebomvu omtsha, othe inani Union seeRiphablikhi ke iilwimi lefowuni, ebhalwe "Abasebenzi onke amazwe, bayamanyana!". Ngowe-1923, kwakukho 6, 1956 - esele 15. Phambi ukujoyina i-Lithuanian SSR xa amakhasethi RSFSR were 16.

Isiseko kophawu lwesizwe yaba umfanekiso ngehamile baza irhengqa elangeni kwaye kwisiqalo zomhlaba. Kunye kungqameko ubume leyo yabakho iindlebe, ngeenxa zonke kuyo tape zijonge alithandayo sesikwenzile. emazantsi Central wabo waba umbhalo in Russian. Umphezulu kophawu lwesizwe wathweswa inkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa ezintlanu. Lo mfanekiso intsingiselo yayo yembono njengoko abanye iisimboli karhulumente ka-Russia. Ixabiso mzobo Kwazeka oko kubo bonke abemi beli lizwe - eSoviet Union kwakungamandla awayeqhuba ngayo sabasebenzi kunye nemibutho nabalimi ehlabathini lonke.

UMhobe weSizwe Russian

iisimboli esemthethweni isimo Russia, ukubaluleka, imbali kunye neminye imiba heraldry zesayensi zazo zokufunda. Noko ke, ukongezelela iflegi kunye ingubo iingalo imifanekiso, kukho kwakhona umhobe wesizwe. Ngaphandle akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso naliphi na ilizwe. Modern iculo Russian - yindlalifa umhobe wesizwe Soviet. Kuye kwavunywa ngo-2000. Lo ngumfanekiso "omncinane" imo Russia.

Umbhali iculo umculo - umqambi kunye Artist Abantu ngayo USSR Alexander Alexandrov. Obalelwa yabhalwa nguye ngo-1939. emva kweminyaka 60 wavotelwa ngayo uRhulumente Duma, yamisa umthetho Russian uMongameli Vladimir Putin malunga umhobe entsha yesizwe.

Abanye koqiniso kwenzeka xa kumiselwa isicatshulwa. Imibongo kuba umhobe eSoviet wabhala imbongi Sergei Mikhalkov. Ekugqibeleni, kukho uthumo olukhethekileyo lamkele version yayo entsha efanayo yetekisi. Kulo mzekelo, iqwalasela isicelo yabemi baso xa bebonke.

"UThixo Gcina i Tsar!"

Umhobe yokuqala karhulumente Russian ngengqiqo eliqhelekileyo ulizwi ingoma "UThixo Gcina i Tsar." Kuye kusetyenziswa 1833-1917 biennium. Umqalisi ye imbonakalo umhobe komlawuli yaba UNikolai I. In ngohambo lwakhe eYurophu, yena usoloko wazifumana an meko nzima: omculo amazwe banobubele ukudlalwa kuphela neengoma zakhe. NaseRussia yayo "zinethemba umculo 'ayikwazanga ndiqhayise. Lo mlawuli wayalela ukuba alungise imeko embi.

Umculo ngenxa umhobe ka Empire wabhala umqambi ne nomqhubi Aleksey eLvov. Umbhali lo mbhalo wembongi Vasily Zhukovsky. Nokufika amandla eSoviet umhobe waseRoma wabethwa off for ixesha elide nje kuphela iimpahla kodwa memory ngezigidi zabantu. Kuba okokuqala emva kokunqumama ixesha elide, "UThixo Gcina i Tsar" abayidlalileyo "I Angawokuphumla Don" umsebenzi osemqoka bhanya ngo-1958.

"I-Internationale" kunye umhobe ye-USSR

De-1943 urhulumente waseSoviet njengoko umhobe yayo kazwelonke wasebenzisa ngamazwe uyazazi "I Internationale". Phantsi kwale Uncuthu lwengoma buguqula phantsi ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, i-Red Army waya amanyathelo. Okubhaliweyo yokuqala yabhalwa a anarchist French Ezhenom Pote. Umsebenzi wavela 1871 kwimihla sibi lombutho yali, aye aphanza xa Paris Thethani.

kweminyaka 17 kamva, uPierre Degeyter Fleming wabhala isicatshulwa Pottier umculo. Isiphumo Classic, "I-Internationale". Into Russian umbhalo umhobe yaguqulelwa Arkady Kotsem. Kusisiqhamo somsebenzi wakhe waba print ngo-1902. "I-Internationale" lalisetyenziswa njenge umhobe wesizwe Soviet ngexesha xa iiBolsheviks basaqhubeka baphupha revolution yehlabathi. Eli xesha Communist International kunye nokudalwa iiseli zamaKomanisi kumazwe angaphandle.

Xa kuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Stalin isigqibo sokutshintsha ingqiqo eceleni. Akazange afune i revolution yehlabathi, kodwa wayeza kwakha ubukhosi omtsha oluyintloko kakhulu, engqongwe satellites ezininzi. izinto Changed wafuna enye umhobe. Ngowe-1943, i "International" usinike indlela uncuthu omtsha (Alexandrov) kunye itekisi (Mikhalkov).

"Izwe Ingoma"

Ngowe-1990-2000 gg. kwi ubume umhobe wesizwe Russian wahlala "Patriotic Ingoma", ebhalwe umqambi Mihailom Glinkoy kwasekuqaleni-1833. Eneneni ngamazwi ukuba ngoxa ngobume ngokusesikweni uncuthu hayi ifumene itekisi elaziwayo. Ngenxa yoku, umhobe wesizwe lwenziwa ngaphandle amagama. Ukungabikho isicatshulwa ecacileyo wayengomnye izizathu ukutshintshwa iingoma Glinka kaThixo nomculo Alexandrova.