Daguerreotype - isibuko kunye nenkumbulo, usisithunzi imbali nobugcisa walahlekelwa

Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ihlabathi lanamhlanje ngaphandle imifanekiso. Cameras bobobunewunewu izixhobo ziye ziyaqheleka, izixhobo zale mihla, nokuba ubuchule umntwana ukwenza photographer professional. Kwaye nangona iindlela zale mihla ukufumana iifoto emangalisayo kude kangangoko, Daguerreotype, oko kukuthi inkqubo ekuqaleni negative, oko aphawula ekuqaleni kwale fomu art.

Yintoni a daguerreotype

Yinto na umfanekiso kakhulu esibujonga ngayo, loo nto ngakumbi ngathi ngumfanekiso leyinene. Daguerreotype ngenxa amalgam yesilivere ekuthiwa kwisipili kunye nenkumbulo. Bomfanekiso esibuko kunokubonwa kwinkalo ethile, yaye engile ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ungabona ezimbi kunye ezintle. Oku kwenza impembelelo ekhethekileyo ukuphila umfanekiso ngokwenene, engaquki angadlulisela ukuzala daguerreotypes zakudala.

Ke kaloku, impahla yokugqibela umda zonke iintlobo zorhwaphilizo. Phakathi kwabo daguerreotype Pushkin - ezinombala umzobo imbongi, ekukholelwa wokwenene kuphela idubule ebomini. Noko ke, uthelekiso elula ubhalo lwe mihla kubonisa ukuba lo mfanekiso fake okanye, njengoko bathi, inkohliso. Pushkin wabulawa Kungquzulwano ngoFebruwari 1837, kunye nomfanekiso daguerreotype yokuqala abeyiqwebile yaseFransi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili, naseRashiya kunye nobugcisa ehlabathini lonke baba kufumaneka kuphela ngo-1839.

History of indalo

sele iintambo yokuqala bazama ukwenza ngenkulungwane ye-18, kodwa ngaphandle kokwazi iindlela ukulungisa lo mfanekiso, abafoti baye balahlekelwa intsingiselo umsebenzi wabo. Kuphela 1837, wayengusokhemisti Umsunguli Lui Dager, emva kweminyaka emininzi yophando, wafumanisa ukukwazi nesigidi ukubonisa imifanekiso ezithathwe ngekhamera obscura. Wabiza ifoto wokuqala igama lakhe kunye daguerreotype lokuqala (ngakumbi ncam, abantu bokuqala ebonisa) wenza eParis entwasahlobo ka-1838, ukukhumbula ngefestile yakhe Boulevard du Temple.

Ngenxa yeempembelelo impumelelo, Daguerre wagqiba ukuthengisa Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka imifanekiso umrhumo, kodwa ixabiso layo laliphezulu kangangokuba kwakungekho amavolontiya. Ke Daguerre wathengisa wokusungula kumagunya isiFrentshi. Abo, ke, wamisela Daguerre ipenshoni ubomi, wanika uluntu abanomdla jikelele kubuchwepheshe kunye evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo beze eFransi ukuba bafunde yobugcisa kunye nobugcisa daguerreotype.

Ithekhnoloji ngokwenza daguerreotype

Ukuze ufumane i-mfanekiso, yaye inkosi, kwaye linyanzelisa kwaye kwafuneka asebenze nzima. Ekuqaleni, lo daguerreotype - ipleyiti yesilivere ngumfanekiswana, nto leyo kwafuneka ukuba likhazimliswe. Senza ngocoselelo kanye phambi kokuqala nokufotwa etheza uboya okanye velvet. Ngaphezu koko, ngo ngokupheleleyo plate ubumnyama liphathwa bromine okanye iodine umphunga. Xa ukukhanya ekhethekileyo yellow zinokubonakala njengoko kwipleyiti kuxhaphaka itshintsha umbala wayo kunye nexesha kokufumaneka iba ozuba luthuthu.

Okulandelayo, i pleyiti lifakwa camera yaye kusetyenziswa inshorensi wenza ngcali wayo, leyo kungathatha imizuzu eli-15. Xa nokufotwa abantu, lonke eli xesha ke babemi kwaye uhlala azole, kwaba nzima kakhulu, ingakumbi xa sokudubula ngaphandle kwelanga eliqaqambileyo. Ukuba kususwe isitalato okanye isakhiwo, ngoko ke daguerreotype zibonisa kuphela ezo zinto ukuba lingashukumi kwaye kushukunyiswa kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, izindlu, imithi, shiners yezihlangu zaye eyayikrolwe ekoneni yesitrato, kwaye abadlulayo-yaye abadlula amabutho apho.

Ekugqityweni sesichengeni kwi kwipleyiti wabonakala efihlakeleyo de umfanekiso engabonakaliyo, kodwa kamva wabonakalaliswa phantsi kunyuka mercury. Apho mercury na wadibana khona amalgam yesilivere ifunyenwe yaye kokukhona sesichengeni, kokukhona umaleko yayo. Xa Inqanaba lokugqibela le zililo yemichiza lisusiwe isilivere leyo kuhlala photosensitive, wawutyabeka chloride ngegolide daguerreotype. Ngaphandle isigaba yokugqibela yale mfanekiso kakhulu elifutshane waphila - umaleko kweziphumo le amalgam leyo ethe kwaye wayenokuyaphula nkqu kwebala.

Daguerreotype e Russia - kwimbali nokudubula yokuqala eRashiya

Innovation zanwenwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngenyanga enye Daguerre kunye urhulumente waseFransi yachaza ubugcisa, lo usomachiza Russian iosif Gamel laqalisa ezintsha yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Russian daguerreotype lokuqala - lo mfanekiso Cathedral St. kaIsake. Kungekudala emva koko, waqala ukuba isetyenziswe wonke ubuchwepheshe.

Daguerreotype studio Petersburg abagcina bebexhotyiswa abazalwana Tsverner ngeteknoloji entsha - uphahla yeglasi ivumela ukufumana ukukhanyisa kunye shutter nesantya ekunene, kodwa waziphendulela sizenza nxamnye ilanga blinding, wasebenza iikhamera eziliqela pinhole, kuba eli qela de waba neemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, ifenitshala, yabeka izinto kunye metal kuma intloko ukuhlala imizuzu elishumi kwakungekho ayakhathaza njalo.

daguerreotypes mihla

minyaka imashumi mabini kuphela khona Daguerreotype, kungekudala yatshintsha zobuchwepheshe yayo, kodwa namhlanje, emva phantse emibini eminyaka, le art wabuya abathandi nabathandi photos Retro.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufake namhlanje kule nkulungwane yama-21, iteknoloji akuyondlwan 'iyanetha. Ukuqala iimfihlelo kunye ubuqili nangobungcibi, wafa kunye abafoti kwimithetho zeekhemikhali, eyaziwa kuphela izazinzulu. Plus - i daguerreotype kuyingozi yaye kubize. Fans elibhiyozelwa eRashiya kunye nobunzima ekufumaneni izinto, umzekelo, ukuthenga nokulungiselela ukulungisa umfanekiso kwilizwe lethu nje akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, eRashiya kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo kunye ukucacisa, waphambela ngenxa daguerreotypes ezinye kubuchwepheshe wabonakala kakhulu kamva. Kodwa kwamanye iinkosi ezinjalo kukho, umzekelo, Dzherri Spanoli, Chak Klouz, uBarbara Galasso kunye nabanye.