Dzheyms Dzhons: engobomi, iimpawu izibakala creative, umdla

Xa uncwadi kwexesha yiSoviet, akukho ukunqongophala kwimisebenzi eyayinikelwe yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi. Kwaye Kungokwemvelo, ekubeni uninzi lwabo ababhali ngokwabo wahlala phakathi bempi, ababa babelane ngeemvakalelo ukuba namava. Noko ke, iinoveli, amabali amafutshane kunye neenoveli, esixelela yokusebenza abantu walwa yobuFasi ubumfazwe Japanese, wadala kwelinye icala "umkhusane intsimbi". Ngenxa yezizathu kweyabo zaphantse zange lupapashwe kwilizwe lethu yaye ke ngoko esingaziwayo uluhlu olubanzi abafundi Russian. Phakathi ababhali yaseMelika, imisebenzi ekufuneka ukuhlangabezana, Dzhons oyinyaniso Dzheyms uRamon.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Umbhali elizayo wazalwa ngoNovemba 6, 1921 kwidolophu encinane Illinois Robinson usapho URamona kunye Ady Dzhons (nee Blessing). Boy ebuntwaneni ungqamene ixesha Enkulu Ukudakumba, nzima kakhulu kwimbali i-USA, yaye wayengonwabanga ngokukhethekileyo.

Awupheli umfana waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, waziqhekeza iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngowe-1939, umfana awathunyelwa emkhosini waza wathumela ukuba sikhonze elihamba kwiCandelo 25, 27 webutho. Kungekudala waba yinxalenye nomkhosi yesibini yenkampani F wathumela isiqithi saseHawaii eOahu, apho Dzhons Dzheyms kunye namaqabane akhe ogqunywe ngokunxaxha kwi enqabeni Scofield ndizazi zonke "ngamakhubalo" uyangcungcuthekiswa yaseMelika kunye nabaqeshi esicalanye.

Ingxenye e Butha

Ngentsasa ngoDisemba 7, moya Japanese wahlasela iinqanawa kwileveli e Pearl Harbor kwaye zokuchopha kwisiqithi eOahu, leyo sayifumana iyunithi zomkhosi, waba Dzheyms Dzhons. Wayothukile yi ilahleko umkhosi American, nto leyo eyayifikelela kwi-2403 abulewe 1178 abalimele. Emva koko kwafika ithuba lakhe ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwemfazwe. Ngokukodwa, oselula Kokubetha Jones, kunye nenkampani yakhe, 7 Agasti 1942 kuwela kwesinye seziqithi Guadalcanal. Apho kwafuneka benze ngokuphindaphindiweyo edabini kunye yaseJapan. Kuphela ngoNovemba lotshaba, ukwenza ngamampunge nemigudu yakhe kwakhona ulawulo lwe-moya enkulu, sise Cape Lunga, bakhutshwe amajoni zawo kubabulali-20.

Buyela US

Ngexesha Mpi odumileyo yeNtaba Austen, eyathatha ukususela phakathi kuDisemba 1942 ukuya 23 Januwari 1943 kwaye lwaqhutywa ehlathini, Dzheyms Dzhons yena wadutyulwa amaqatha kwaye anikwe i "Purple Heart". Lowo wathunyelwa ukuba unyango kwi-US, kwaye ngoJulayi 1944 waphuma esibhedlele ngenxa yezizathu zempilo.

Emva ekhaya, Dzheyms Dzhons ligqibe ukuba aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe ngo-1945 wangena University of New York.

bt zoncwadi

Umsebenzi wokuqala engundoqo umbhali waba inoveli "Ukususela Apha ku ngoNaphakade," nto leyo yapapashwa ngowe-1951. Bt waba ngaphezu yimpumelelo, kwaye ngo-1952 Dzhons Dzheyms wafumana ibhaso - iMbasa yeSizwe Book. Kufuneka uthe, ngelixa izitha zakhe J .. D. Salinger kunye nomsebenzi yakhe edumileyo "I Catcher kwi Irorho" kunye inoveli Herman Wouk kaThixo "uvukelo kwi" Kane "," sele sibonile 1951 owazuza Prize, i labagwebi anegunya bagqiba ukuncoma umsebenzi ngumbhali engaziwayo.

Umsebenzi "Ukusuka Apha ku Engunaphakade" Jones ochazwe nangoku okuvelayo umiphi fresh ukusuka amava kwi siqithi Oaha ngexesha kuqhuma Pearl Harbor. impumelelo Le ncwadi iye Kuyaqondakala, njengoko amawaka baseMelika abafumene isaziso ukuba unyana wabo, umyeni okanye umzalwana wabulawa Hawaii, kunye amaphepha ayo bakwazi ukufunda ngendlela iintsapho zabo ziye bachitha imihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ukongeza, amagqala abaninzi babekholiswe ukuba bakhaya ekugqibeleni bafunde inyaniso ngoko banyamezela, ngaphandle zenze.

Iimpawu iprozi kaYakobi Jones

Ndimele ndithi ukuba uncwadi waseMelika onjalo yinto nje inoveli mkhosi okanye umkhosi, wabonakala kuphela ngo-1895, emva kokupapashwa umsebenzi kukaStefano Crane kaThixo "Red Badge of Courage." Emva kokuba elide ayichithe imisebenzi uncwadi olutsha enikelwe abantu kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukubulala ngohlobo lwazo, elandela ityala, kuba yipropathi abafundi zaseMelika leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi nasemva kwayo. Abaninzi kubo ababeqhutywa antimilitarist ecacileyo, ebonisa izimvo ababhali babo uYohane. Dos Passos, uWilliam Faulkner, Hemingway kunye nabanye.

Jones imveliso yokuqala eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko le misebenzi. Xa inoveli "Ukususela Apha ku ngoNaphakade," wachaza ubomi "nepayina Army", nto leyo nozintyintya zonke izinto ezimbi iintlobo e Hawaii. ophambili wakhe, Private Robert E. Lee Prewitt, othe phambi kokuba bangene inkonzo yaba manqindi yimpumelelo, kulo lonke ibali babethi pacifism. Noko ke, emva kokufunda malunga uhlaselo webutho kwakhe, naxa ababuleweyo, ijoni ufuna ukubuyela ukuba bazibandakanye kumlo nxamnye notshaba.

umsebenzi Further zoncwadi

Jones 'inoveli yesibini - "Ke kaloku baye begidima bona" - zigqutyuthelwe waxelela abafundi ngobomi umbhali emva koko wabuyela yakowabo Robinson wakhe. Ngowe-1958, i-US ohluza ngaphandle ifilim lo msebenzi, uyalele yi Vincente Minnelli kunye ekhombisa frank sinatra, uDean Martin and Shirli Makleyn. Lo mboniso ifumene abatyunjiweyo 4 "Oscar" enye - kwi "Golden Globe". Noko ke, incwadi ngokwayo ngokoqobo angaqwengwa ngabo abagxeki, ngubani Wafumana kuwo ezininzi iimpazamo zopelo, iziphumlisi, kuba andiyiqondi ukuba kule ndlela umbhali linqwenela ukugxininisa nedolophu apho iziganeko zenzeka.

Ngowe-1962, Dzheyms Dzhons, ogama iincwadi wayesele ngokuphindaphindiweyo iprintwe izintlelo ezinkulu, ukunika umfundi umsebenzi omtsha othi "The Thin Red Line." Kuye ube uhlobo nokuqhubekeka imfano umbhali yokuqala yenoveli wenza abagxeki besithi umbhali ukuba indawo Faulkner kunye Hemingway.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngelishwa, ubomi zombhali lomncedis kwangoko kakhulu, ngowe-1972. Ngexesha umsebenzi ethi "Nje ukuba nindibize ngokuthi," wayesazi ukuba ugula kakhulu. Kuba engafuni ukuba umsebenzi lokugqibela wahlala engagqitywanga, wacezela imiyalelo yakhe nomhlobo wakhe Willie Morris, ngubani wagqiba isahluko yokugqibela kwinoveli owaphela lo trilogy umkhosi, nayo leyo equka "Ukususela Apha ku Engunaphakade" yaye "I Thin Red Line."

impilo Personal

Ukubuyela Robinson emva kokonzakala, Jones waqalisa ukusela rhoqo. umakazi wakhe bagqiba ukusindisa umtshana wakhe waza wamazisa ukuba caseworker Lowney Iiklip, ngubani wayetshate omphathi wokucokisa yasekuhlaleni. Kwakufuneka ukunceda uYakobi ukumelana ukuxhomekeka utywala, kodwa kungekudala baba abathandi. Unxibelelwano Lowney and Jones yaqhubeka iminyaka eliqela. Xa ngo-1957 umbhali, ebuya evela eNew York, weza nayo nomfazi wakhe kwidolophu Gloria, umthandi owayesakuba ngehlazo. Ngenxa yoko, uYakobi kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba bahambe ngokungxama. Abatshatileyo Jones kunye nentombi uGloria Kylie wazalwa ngo-1960.

anika umdla

• I inoveli "I Thin Red Line" ulondoloze kabini. Xa umboniso 1964 abanegama elifanayo wathabatha uAndrew Marton, kwaye ngo-1998 - uTerrence Malick. Last wamcela titoloveta wakhe IsiShona Penna, Nika Nolti kunye Dzhona Travoltu. ifilimu yakhe yaphumelela ibhaso e Berlin emthendelekweni, kodwa walahlekelwa amagama abantu 7 the Academy Awards, leyo kwakunikelwa.
• Ntombi umbhali - Kylie - naye wabonakalisa ngokwayo endle boncwadi. Ngowe-1990 yena yapapasha inoveli "intombi Soldier alize ekhala," malunga nobomi intsapho yakhe.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba Dzhons Dzheyms noRamon - umbhali, abaninzi ngokunyanisekileyo ukuchaza ubomi amajoni yaseMelika eyalwa phambi wePasifiki ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Iinoveli, kwakunye aqashe phezu kwabo, zifakiwe kumanqaku iincwadi zoncwadi cinematographic ubalulekileyo zenkulungwane yama-20, esekwe kwi-US, ngoko umele ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ubazi.