Uhlobo

neentlobo zoncwadi - kukho amaqela imisebenzi yoncwadi, zona bamanyene ngenxa yembonakalo olusesikweni substantive. bona Ngokwembali, nazo ukuvela, liyachuma, yaye ezinye ukuhla. Sibaphatha iinoveli, amafutshane amabali, elegies, satires, amabali, comedy njalo njalo. D. ingqiqo ngeentlobo zoncwadi sincinane, ngokubulaleka zoncwadi. Nganye uhlanga zoncwadi iyawasusa ntlobo eziliqela. Umzekelo, inoveli, elifutshane ibali inoveli yinxalenye yombhali luzayo hlobo loncwadi.

Lilinge lokuqala nokumisa iintlobo zoncwadi awawuqalayo yakhe "Poetics" Aristotle. Wayemela njengento zendalo, ukumisela kanye kunye bonke. Umbhali ukuba ukulingana kuphela imimiselo wohlobo lwetekisi leyo isonjululwe. Oku kuqonda kuye kukhokelele ukuvela uhlobo zezifundo poetics emisiweyo. Edume kakhulu phakathi kwabo kwakukho othi "Art zemibongo" N. Boileau. Kakade ke, ekubeni Aristotle izizukulwana zoncwadi kunye neentlobo musa kuhlala injalo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa mbono belikhetha ukuba mhlawumbi ngoyaba ezintsha okanye ukuzilahla. Ku eqhubeka okoko nje akukho namnye inkqubo, akuthethi izakungenzeki ibakho kule ncwadi. Ezinye iintlobo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi ngequbuliso Yaphaphazela phezulu kwaye kanye njengokuba ngokukhawuleza ziyafa, kuphela ngamaxesha athile qwele elundini lokudala (njengoko kwaba ballad). Abanye, ngokuchasene ngaphandle i "isiphelo" ayinabulungisa (umzekelo, kwinoveli).

Xa ingcamango yasekhaya zoncwadi ukuzithethelela neentlobo zoncwadi kunye nezizukulwana, ekuso V. G. Belinskomu. Yena wachaza iintlobo ezintathu, kuxhomekeke indlela umbhali ukuba indlela okusondeza isifundo ingxoxo: lo amaqhawe, idrama kunye nemibongo.

Bebanika imisebenzi ukuba uhlobo oluthile kuxhomekeke koko iinqobo zokugweba ukuze basekele. Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo sodidi zoncwadi (idrama, isihobe, eyindumasi), zonke iintlobo yahlulwe, ngokulandelelana, sedrama, livusa kunye enkulukazi.

Isebenza emele uhlobo kakhulu uncwadi - oko comedy, idrama kunye yintlekele.

Comedy yenzelwe ukubonisa into gaka ebomini, ukugculelwa, ngumkhuba yasekhaya okanye ezentlalo, imikhuba yobuntu, maxa wambi ukuziphatha ezitenxileyo.

Drama - umsebenzi obonisa ungquzulwano ezintsonkothileyo phakathi abalinganiswa eziliqela, inkcaso kakhulu phakathi kwabo.

Intlekele - umsebenzi apho uhlobo umlinganiswa edizwe kumlo, nisingise ekufeni kwakhe okanye kwiimeko apho akazi ubone ayikho indlela.

iincwadi, emele hlobo loncwadi yeqhawe, yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu:

- ezinkulu (inoveli, eyindumasi kunye amaqhawe);

- avareji (ibali);

- ezincinane (ibali elifutshane, isincoko, ibali).

Kwakhona kule uhlobo ziquka nentsomi, eyindumasi, ballad, intsomi, ingoma imbali kunye ntsomi.

Isebenza emele uhlobo ombambazelayo uncwadi - oko epigram, izitanza, ode, elegy kunye incwadi.

Elegy - umbongo encinane, yongezwe ngokupheleleyo ukunxunguphala okungephi. Le ezakudala elegy edume kakhulu kwinkulungwane ye-19.

Umyalezo - lo ngumsebenzi ibhalwe unyango kwimibongo kumntu omnye okanye kubantu eziliqela.

Ode - umbongo imbeko mbhiyozo elidlulileyo okanye ezayo imbeko umntu, esibonakala ngehlombe.

Ukongeza, ngexesha langoku ibakala uncwadi athe lyric-luzayo uhlobo enye uncwadi. It idibanisa iimpawu le lyric kunye mbongo uyindumasi wasondeza. Lo msebenzi yaye inyaniso kubonakala antsonkothileyo. Kwelinye icala, ikuxelela iinkcukacha malunga ethile isiganeko, umlinganiswa (kunye ibonwe), kunye kwelinye - iimvakalelo, izimo, iimvakalelo, okanye umlinganiswa ihlabathi zombalisi engaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela basondelayo ukuza amazwi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, khange abonakale iintlobo ezintsha iincwadi.