EGP South Africa: inkcazelo, iimpawu, iimpawu eziphambili kunye namanqaku anika umdla

UMzantsi Afrika lelinye ezicebe amazwe e-Afrika. Luhlanganisa abangekaphuhli mihla, yaye indawo enye eyinkunzi - ezintathu. Inqaku elilandelayo lichaza indlela EGP eMzantsi Afrika, ngokwemimandla nangeendlela iinkalo zikarhulumente emangalisayo.

Overview

A karhulumente eyaziwa kwihlabathi njengoko eMzantsi Afrika, abantu basekuhlaleni sisetyenziswe ukubiza azan. Eli gama ngemihla-nkqubo yocalulo kwaye basebenzisa kwabantu bomthonyama Afrika iindlela lobukoloniyali. Ukongeza nokuthiywa lwesizwe, kukho 11 amagama ilizwe ezisemthethweni, nto leyo ehambisana kunye ezahlukeneyo iilwimi karhulumente.

EGP eMzantsi Afrika kakhulu elilungileyo ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe amaninzi kweli lizwekazi. Eli lizwe kuphela Afrika ayinxalenye ezinkulu mabini. Bona apha ukuze iidayimani kunye nangeengcinga. Ngalinye kumaphondo alithoba oMzantsi Afrika landscape yayo, indalo kunye nokwakhiwa yobuhlanga, ezitsala inani elikhulu labakhenkethi. Eli lizwe iipaki elinanye zesizwe kunye iiholide ezininzi.

Ubukho zeengqukuva amathathu, mhlawumbi, wongeza ukohluka eMzantsi Afrika. Zahlula phakathi kwee-arhente zikarhulumente. Undlunkulu welizwe ngurhulumente weli lizwe, ukuze eso sixeko kuthathwa kuqala ingqukuva. Namajaji, emelwe yiNkundla Ephakamileyo e KwelaBesuthu. E Kapa, oko isakhiwo ePalamente.

EGP South Africa: ngokufutshane

Urhulumente use kuMazantsi e-Afrika, owayamene iilwandle Indian kunye Atlantic. Emantla-mpuma kubamelwane eMzantsi Afrika Mozambique eSwazini, ekumntla - emantla umda lizwe izabelo Namibia kunye iBotswana kunye neZimbabwe. Kufuphi Drakensberg Mountains eyayigquba ibekwe Lesotho Kingdom.

Ngu ndawo (1,221,912 macala onke. Km) yi-SAR 24 ehlabathini. Ngobukhulu ngayo mkhulu UK malunga kahlanu. kuba Iimpawu EGP loMzantsi Afrika ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle inkcazo ngaselunxwemeni, ubude iyonke ka-2798 km. kunxweme weentaba wama-lizwe hayi kakhulu dissected. Kwimpuma yale Bay St. Helina kwaye i-Cape of Good Hope. Kukwakho matheku kunye coves yaseSt Francis, Falsbey, Algoa, Walker, igumbi Dining. Cape Agulhas nguye kwindawo yomzantsi kwilizwekazi.

ukufikelela Wide ukuba iilwandlekazi ezimbini lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika EGP. Egudle unxweme zikarhulumente iindlela ulwandle ukusuka eYurophu ukuya South-East Asia kunye East Far.

indaba

EGP uMzantsi Afrika sele bekungasoloko kunjalo. On utshintsho nefuthe layo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zembali sikarhulumente. Nangona zokuhlala yokuqala ukuvela apha ekuqaleni ixesha lethu, utshintsho kakhulu apha eMzantsi Afrika EGP ngexesha kwenzeka ukususela XVII ukuya kwinkulungwane XX.

Inani labemi yaseYurophu, bemelwe yi-Dutch, amaJamani kunye French Huguenot, waqala ukwakha kule ndawo weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika kwi-1650s. Ngaphambi koku, la mazwe Bantu wayehlala ezinkozo coy, ngabaThwa, kunye nabanye. Ukufika bezithanga kwakhokelela ekubeni uthotho segorha, kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukususela ngo-1795 lo colonizer engundoqo uba UK. Urhulumente waseBritani utyhala Boers (amafama Dutch) eFree State kunye kwiphondo Transvaal, ibhangisa ubukhoboka. Kwiimfazwe yokuqala ngenkulungwane XIX phakathi Boers kunye British.

Ngowe-1910 idale Union of yoMzantsi Afrika njengenxalenye amathanga British. Ngowe-1948, i-National Party (namaBhulu) iphumelele unyulo kwaye icwangcisa wengcinezelo, leyo yahlula abantu ibe abamnyama nabamhlophe. Yobandlululo nobeka abantu abamnyama phantse onke amalungelo, nokuba ngummi. Ngo-1961 eli lizwe yaba Republic of yoMzantsi Afrika yaye ekugqibeleni ukuphelisa wengcinezelo.

labantu

KwiRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika iphela ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga 52 million. EGP South Africa nempembelelo kakhulu ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga yabemi. Ngendawo yayo kunye nezibonelelo lobutyebi bemvelo kummandla chaza umdla abaMhlophe.

Ngoku eMzantsi Afrika phantse-10% abemi yobuhlanga amhlophe baseYurophu - Afrikaners Anglo-Afrika, ngubani na inzala bahlali lobungqwangangqwili. uhlanga Negroid isiZulu, Xitsonga, isiSuthu, isiTswana, isiXhosa. Ukuba zimalunga nama-80%, i-10% - mulattos, amaNdiya kunye Asia. Uninzi amaNdiya siyinzala abasebenzi bazisa Afrika ukukhula ngenduku.

Abazibiza iinkolelo zonqulo ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi abemi bangamaKristu. Baxhasa ibandla Zionist, bakwaMoya, Abahlaziyi Dutch, amaKatolika, amaWisile. Phantse 15% ukhona,% 1 kuphela - Muslims.

11 iilwimi ezisemthethweni zeziganeko kweli lizwe. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwazo IsiNgesi nesi-Afrikansi. : Lokufunda nokubhala Male yi-87%, abasetyhini - 85.5%. Kwihlabathi yelizwe singene kwindawo 143rd ngokwemiqathango zemfundo.

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo

KwiRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika thaca zonke iintlobo mhlaba ezahlukeneyo kunye nemozulu: ukusuka esihle ukuya entlango. Drakensberg Mountains, ibekwe kwinxalenye esempuma, ukuhamba kakuhle ukuya ethafeni. Apha ukukhulisa zemvula kunye namahlathi sehlathi. In ngasezantsi kukho i-Cape kwiiNtaba. Kunxweme Atlantic i Namib Intlango, kunxweme elingasemntla Orange River zinabela le Kalahari kwintlango.

Kulo lizwe kukho oovimba ebonakalayo kwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Apha yegolide, zirconium, chromite, idayimani. EMzantsi Afrika, kukho oovimba yentsimbi, platinum kunye nezentsimbi ekrwada uranium, phosphorites, namalahle. Kukho iidipozithi zinc, inkcenkce, nobhedu, nesinyithi ezinqabileyo ezifana titanium, kwistibhiya, vanadium.

umnotho

Iimpawu EGP uMzantsi Afrika uye waba inkalo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. 80% yemveliso zentsimbi kuveliswa kweli lizwekazi, 60% ivela kushishino lwezimbiwa. UMzantsi Afrika lilizwe kakhulu iphuhliswe lizwekazi, nangona oku, izinga lentswela yi-23%.

Inkoliso yabantu basebenza kwicandelo nkonzo. Icandelo industrial liqesha malunga ne-25% yabantu, 10% kuba ezolimo. UMzantsi Afrika icandelo zemali aphuhliswe kakuhle, ezonxibelelwano, umbane. Kukho zigcine lwezibonelelo zendalo, bafumana eyona kuphuhliswa imigodi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwayo namalahle.

Phakathi amacandelo iphambili kwezolimo imfuyo (ukuzala iinciniba, iibhokhwe, iigusha, iinkukhu, iinkomo), iViticulture, amahlathi, iintlanzi (hake, bass ulwandle, anchovy, mokrel, mackerel, cod, njalo-njalo), Crop. Republic ithumela ngaphezu kwe-140 iintlobo zeziqhamo nemifuno.

Amaqabane ephambili urhwebo zezi China, i-US, Jamani, eBritani, eNetherlands, India ne Switzerland. Phakathi nabo Afrika kwezoqoqosho - Mozambique, Nigeria kunye neZimbabwe.

Eli lizwe linenkqubo ephuhliswe kakuhle zokuhamba, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu sisihle ebekwe, uphuhliso loshishino yebhanki ne-inshorensi.

anika umdla

• lokuqala intliziyo ukufakelwa wehlabathi ngempumelelo Kapa wenza Ugqirha Christiaan Barnard ngo-1967.
• Isitya sikhulu kweli hlabathi kwi River Vaal eMzantsi Afrika. Kuye kwasekwa isebenze i zimpahla onzima.
• Cullinan diamond siyinxenye 621 g kwafumaneka 1905 emigodini yaseMzantsi Afrika. Nguye kwelikhulu kule gem emhlabeni.

• Eli lizwe kuphela Afrika ukuba asisiso Third World.
• Kulapha okokuqala efika ipetroli evela emalahleni.
• Ngomhla kwintsimi lizwe ikhula malunga ne-18 000 izityalo zomthonyama kwaye likhaya leentlobo 900 zeentaka.
• UMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lokuqala ukuba sazilahla ngokuzithandela izixhobo zenyukliya ezikhoyo.
• Inani omkhulu iintsalela ise kwingingqi eMzantsi Afrika Karoo.

isiphelo

Iimpawu eziphambili EGP South Africa - intsimi compact, kwivenkile ebanzi olwandle, indawo ecaleni kwindlela elwandle kokuxhuma eYurophu kunye Asia kunye East Far. Uninzi abahlali baqeshwe kwicandelo nkonzo. Ngenxa loovimba ezinkulu kwezibonelelo zendalo kushishino lwemigodi yoMzantsi Afrika yenziwe kakuhle. Abemi yi-5% kuphela yabemi Afrika, nangona kunjalo, yeyona lizwe ahambele phambili kweli lizwekazi. Ngenxa imeko yalo yezoqoqosho, uMzantsi Afrika uthatha indawo ngamandla ehlabathini.