EIA yegazi.

Namhlanje, kwindawo yokuqala kwimichiza, kokubili ukukhusela nokukhutshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuphuma kubaluleka. Izindlela zanamhlanje zikuvumela ukuba uhlole ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nezifundo eziqhutywe.

Ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhlisweni kwezilwanyana ezithathelwanayo, iindlela ezifana ne-enzyme immunoassay kunye ne-polymerase chain reaction zenze iphumelele. Ngoko i-PCR yiyona ndlela ikhoyo namhlanje kwaye, mhlawumbi, uphando olunzulu kakhulu kwi-immunology, kodwa kubakho imfuneko ukuba usebenzise indawo elula, engabizi, kodwa ezingekho ngaphantsi kweendlela. Omnye wabo ngu-ELISA wegazi. Ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokusebenzisana "antigen-antibody", i-enzyme immunoassay ivumela ukuba kungabikho kuphela ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwee-antibodies, kodwa nenani labo. Esi sifundo singasetyenziselwa umthambo womsila, umzimba we-vitrious kunye ne- amniotic fluid, kodwa kaninzi iqhutyelwa igazi le-IFA. Ubuzwe bendlela yezinto eziphilayo zifikelela kwipesenti ezingamashumi asithoba, kunye ne-95%. Ukuba uthetha ngeengcamango ezimbi zale phando, ngoko kukufanele ukukhankanya, mhlawumbi, yedwa kuphela - ukuxilongwa akuthe ngqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nge-ELISA yegazi akusiyo i-ejenti ngokwayo enqunyiwe, kodwa kuphela impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba eyenziwe kuyo, kwaye ngokumalunga nomlinganiselo ohlukeneyo womsebenzi wesistim somzimba kumntu, akunakwenzeka njalo ukuba uguqule ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kwisifundo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa iziphumo kunye nedatha ekusebenzeni komzimba kubantu.

Kukho inani elikhulu lokuhlaziywa kohlalutyo oluhlukileyo, phakathi kwazo indlela yokukhuphisana kunye nendlela yokubamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo isetyenziswa rhoqo.

Iyintoni isiseko segazi le-IFA?

Ngokufakela iibhile zee-enzyme ezithile kwiimpawu zengxowankulu, kunokwenzeka ukubeka ingqalelo ukuvela kweempendulo. Ukugijimela ukuphendula kubonisa ubukho be- antibodies egazini lomntu. Kukho iinkqubo ezivakalayo zokuvavanya ezivumela ukucacisa zombini izixhobo zokulwa kunye nenani labo. Iziphumo zingabalwa ngokuzenzekelayo (ngokuthelekisa iimpendulo ezifunyenwe kumgangatho oqhelekileyo), kunye noncedo lwabahlalutyi abazikhethekileyo be-ELISA.

Indlela yokwenza i-enzyme immunoassay ivumela ukuba ingagqithanga kuphela isifo ngokwayo, kodwa nayo ifomu layo (elibi okanye elingapheliyo) kunye nesigaba. Le nqubo ivumela ukuba zichonge iinkampani ezinempilo ezikhuselekileyo ezinokuthi usuleleke kwaye awunayo imbonakalo.

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo yokuxilonga, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba isifundo kwithuba lokuqala kwesifo, kunye nokufumanisa iziganeko zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo (mhlawumbi M neG). Uphando lwezinga le-IgG linconywa kwiinkonzo ezidibeneyo, olu phofu luqhutywa ngeentsuku ezilishumi. Ukuchonga i-dynamics yesicwangciso esithathelwanayo ngexesha, uvavanyo lokuxilonga luyenziwa. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ngento yokuba ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wokuzivikela ngomzimba, kunye neprotheni yindlala, ama-antibodies kuma-agent angeneliyo angenakufunyanwa.

Xa kukho iziphumo ezingathandabuzekiyo, uphando lwesibini lunconywa. Ngaphandle koko, sinokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zanamhlanje nezithembekileyo ezifana ne-polymerase chain reaction, enika iziphumo ezili-100 nge-etiology yesi sifo.

Ngaloo ndlela, uhlalutyo lwe-ELISA lwegazi namhlanje yindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngokubanzi yokufumanisa izifo ezithathelwanayo kwaye ivumela ukufumana iziphumo ezinokwenene zophando kwimibandela ethile (i-etiologic agent, ubude besifo, ukubonakalisa kunye nesimo sesifo), kwaye inika ingqiqo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengxaki ye-viral agent.