Elephant Man Dzhozef Merrik: The Story of Life

Ukuva ibinzana elithi "elephant man", abaninzi wamkhumbula nangoko ifilim ngoJosefu Merrick, ukubandezeleka izifo ezoyikekayo. Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba loo mntu - hayi umlinganiswa etsomo, umntu wokwenene. Yayingubani yena, yintoni na le imbali yobomi bakhe?

usapho

Wazalwa Dzhozef Keri Merrick (Joseph Carey Merrick) kwi IsiNgesi kwisixeko Leicester ngo-1862. Xa phambili, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba ubomi bakhe bufutshane kakhulu - engama-27 kuphela ubudala, ekubeni wafa ngo-1890.

Merrick Intsapho kakhulu ukuba akukho i esiqhelekileyo, kwafika abazali evela kwiiklasi asezantsi: uyise wayesebenzela coachman kunye nonina - sisicaka. Batshata ngo-1861 yaye kungekudala wazalwa kumazibulo awo - Dzhozef Keri Merrick. njengomntwana, kunye nentombi kaMarion wabandezeleka sokuxhuzula, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe ngesiquphe eneminyaka engama 24. Ngo-1866 no-1867 wabonakala kusapho unabantwana ababini, kodwa yena unyana omncinane esi sibini Merrick wabulawa fever ebomvu. Ngowe-1873 wafa ke umama yena uYosefu ukudumba emiphungeni kunye bronchi. Kungekudala Uyise utshate kwakhona, kodwa hayi vzljubili indodana lwabazali, iziLawuli zoMzali ngenxa yokuba mabi kwawo bakhe waza kusinda endlwini.

ukubonakala

Okokuqala, akukho nto ingaphandle yenkwenkwe akukho zimpawu lembandezelo, kodwa xa wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, yaqala ukubonakala iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo. Ulusu kwezinye iindawo uye waba flabby, yaye kwabanye - a rough, rough. Waqala ukutshintsha umbala lalo, liye laba ngenene Ndifana komhlaba isikhumba indlovu. Ukongeza kuyo yonke le nto, Dzhozef Merrik njengomntwana elimele ethangeni lakhe ekwindla, kwaye inkathazo wavusa ekuqhwaleleni apho awabuvayo de ekupheleni kwemihla.

ukugula kwakhe inkqubela ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye kungekudala ukufa intloko Merrick wakhangela ngolu hlobo: kwi isahlulo ngokungqalileyo ithambo ibe enkulu ukwakha-phezulu kwaye nasekhohlo nangasemva ulusu hung nezibaya ezirhabaxa, phantse lokuvala iliso lasekunene. Kwaba ngathi kukho ithumba enkulu. Ngokubanzi, ikhanda 92 cm ubukhulu. Umphezulu esikhumba ukuze texture zayo zifana embalini cauliflower. Hair phantse wayengekho. Ukudumba kwicala lasekunene intloko erhola ukuba impumlo, Nomlomo zaye kakubi zikhubazekile. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba uYosefu slurred.

Ukususela emva, isikhumba rough nayo hung nezibaya zemihlambi enkulu. Isandla sokunene lalilikhulu ngakumbi izihlandlo eziliqela ekhohlo: kuphela esihlahleni wawuyi-30 cm macala onke, yaye nasesithupheni - 12 cm Sam Merrick wabhala ukuba emise ngathi umboko bendlovu .. Waba ukusebenza kuphela ngesandla sasekhohlo, kuba ngokuhamba kwexesha ilungelo iye yaphela. Ezinyaweni zakhe nabo neziqu kunye nesikhumba nezibaya zemihlambi.

Kutsha anatomists ziye zenza ngokutsha ikhompyutha ngenkangeleko yakhe. Yiloo ndlela abathile babeza ukufana Dzhozef Merrik, ukuba wazalwa besempilweni.

Kutheni Merrick ebizwa i "Elephant Man"?

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 babesaphila, abathandana, ingakumbi, abantu babekholelwa ukuba ezinye ukuxinezeleka ngokweemvakalelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zingachaphazela imbonakalo umntwana. Kwaye njengoko unina Dzhozefa Merrika, ukuba kwindawo kukoyika elephant enomsindo, babi yayo okubangelwa ikwayile sizathu. Ngelishwa, ngoko babengazi nto malunga izifo yemfuza, ngoko oogqirha kunye Merrick ngokwakhe bakholwa kulo nguqulo.

Kodwa into yokuba ukubandezeleka le Lilishwa?

uphethwe

oogqirha Modern ziye zachongwa izifo eziliqela yemfuza, nto leyo sizenze sasisimbi ukubonakala Dzhozefa Merrika. Okokuqala, oko neurofibromatosis ukuchwetheza I (okanye isifo Recklinghausen). Le luphawulwa ithumba-ingxowa-ezimilise, ngokobuninzi ejingayo kunye nobukho amabala ulwehlo ezinkulu. Kwakhona, iimpawu neurofibromatosis ziquka asymmetry ye imilenze kunye iinxalenye kobuso, njengoko iqatshelwe Merrick. Ngamagama alula, yinto ngezifo eqhelekileyo eluswini, amathambo kunye nenkqubo luvo. Ngelishwa, amayeza kwaye ngoku phantse akukho mali ukuba ukulwa esi sifo, kodwa wazalwa "Elephant Man" Dzhozef Merrik ngexesha lethu, nangona oko ndisuse yonke Kwingabula-up kwaye ukuyilwa wentlonze ingxowa-intsumpa.

Isifo yesibini - a Proteus syndrome. Yena ichazwa njengendlela yokuba ukuphazamiseka enqabileyo kakhulu yemfuza esibonakala imithana kunye nokukhula okungaqhelekanga ngethambo nesikhumba. Esi sifo kwakhona asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, kodwa oogqirha namhlanje kodwa kunaba ubomi izigulane kunye nale kwesifo.

Ukufumana umsebenzi

ngaba Merrick amahlwempu Kwenzeka njani ubenokuzuza isonka sakhe, ngenxa yokuba ngoko kwakungekho inzuzo yokukhubazeka? Ngenxa zokuxhatshazwa nokugculelwa uYosefu washiya izifundo zakhe esikolweni kwiminyaka 13. Uyise wamnika umrhwebi yesitalato, kodwa abadlulayo-by zibuye kude inkangeleko yayo. Ngoko ke, Merrick waya mveliso icuba, kodwa kungekudala kwafuneka ukuba ahambe, yaye lo msebenzi, kuba uhlobo lwe isandla sakhe sokunene wamalela ukuba enze umsebenzi wakhe. Zombini uyise kaVan ziya kuthotywa rhoqo kwaye andibethe uYosefu, ngoko wemka ekhaya xa wayeneminyaka engama-17.

"Cirque Du kuhlalwe ngenkani"

Ndidikwe yendlela abhadulayo yobomi, ngo-1884 waya ukwenza kwi show uTom Norman. Yaba kuphela kwendlela ukuze baziphilise thile zokuphila kubantu abafana Merrick. Kulo mdlalo thina kuboniswa iintlobo iingozi. Kwi nkampani waza waphathwa kakuhle, ingakumbi kuba apho wadibana abantu nxi efanayo.

Lo msebenzi wawuquka ukwenza ngeveki. ababukeli benelungelo rhoqo kufuneka jonga kwi nesilima yabantu, ngokukodwa, kwaye kwi "Elephant Man". indima yakhe ukuze abonise umzimba wakhe phantsi ukubhomboloza enkwantyisayo isihlwele. Kwaba ezintloni, kodwa enye indlela ukuzixhasa azikho. Dzhozef Merrik Akwazi ukuba wonge imali elungileyo - 50 uneemina. Ngelo xesha, wayeya kuphila kamnandi malunga nesi-2 iminyaka kwi imali.

Kodwa kungekudala le show freak wavalwa eNgilani, yaye uTom uNorman wanyanzeleka ukuba uthengise Dzhozefa Merrika isekisi umnini evela Austria. Kodwa yena umntu wayengathembekanga wazithabatha yonke imali ukugeleza Merrick. Ngaphandle ngesenti epokothweni, uJosefu wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Kwafuneka ndawo ukuhamba.

Iyazazi ugqirha Sir Frederick Treves

Ekunene kwesinye kwizitishi ze-London ngaphantsi UYosefu kokuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu. Abadlulayo-by wabiza ugqirha, ikhadi ibhizinisi ngengozi walala phezu epokothweni Merrick ngayo. Yaba therapist emzimbeni, ilungu le-London Society for usapho zophendlo lwezifo Sir Frederick Treves, naye wadibana uYosefu, ukuthetha esekisini. Yena, ke, beza nikeza uncedo oluyimfuneko. Kamva, baba ngabahlobo noYosefu.

Xa yakhe, uGqirha isifundo Trivz uthi xa kuqala wabona "Elephant Man" eqongeni, ndacinga ukuba mhlawumbi moronic kunye, ngethamsanqa, akukho uyazazi zonke eyoyikekayo imeko yakhe. Kodwa kwakungenjalo. UYosefu wayekrelekrele kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwi ibhatyi ayiphumi Sir Frederick Treves wakwazi ingqalelo uhlobo kunye indoda ethe.

Ukususela ngelo xesha Dzhozef Merrik sele bedinga unonophelo, Nkosi Frederick Treves ungandizami, kwaye uzimisele kwi-Royal Hospital London. Apho wanikwa kwigumbi elahlukileyo, apho iphile. Abongikazi, kuqala isigulane amazwe nastrozhenno phakathi, ngokukhawuleza wamthanda uYosefu nesimo abalulamileyo nabathobekileyo.

Sir Frederick Treves lingakwenza njani uYosefu kuhlala injalo de kube sekupheleni imihla yakhe. Wathabatha ngaphandle yakhe wenqwelwana kunye neefestile ezo zivaliweyo kweli lizwe, apho wayekuthanda ukuchitha ixesha. Merrick waba nomdla ekuqokeleleni herbarium. Kwakhona waba yemiboniso rhoqo. Uphethe isangqa entsha abahlobo, abaninzi kubo abantu esiphezulu.

Isibakala sokuba le "elephant man" yaba ayilunganga emphakathini elite, ngokuba bafumana ngalo lonke London ngenxa yesihlwele. Ezibhaliweyo ngaye, yaye abaninzi babefuna buqu jonga uze uthethe nale ndoda babonakala. Nkqu Princess Uelskaya Aleksandra wayedla watyelela Merrick esibhedlele. Kakade ke, konke oku ukwahluka ikho omncinane.

ingaphakathi

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu kuyafana bayahlelwa "Elephant Man 'ubomi bakhe, kuya kunyibilika pissed uThixo, abantu, macala onke. Merrik Dzhozef, ogama engobomi akazange amnike nasiphi na isizathu sokuba sibe nethemba, kunjalo, ngokumangalisayo, akunjalo. Nangona ubomi bakhe bonke uye wabandakanyeka iziqhulo okhohlakeleyo, a swi babathiye abantu okanye uThixo. Ngaphezu koko, uye waqhubeka isidima sabo. A umhlobo osenyongweni Nkosi Frederick Treves bamangaliswa yindlela hlobo, enovelwano, nkqu umntu omncinane komnye waba Merrick.

UYosefu waba ngumntu yoyilo. ngamava akhe ngokomoya, wavakalisa kwimibongo iprozi. Kwakhona apapasha ngobomi bakhe ibrowutsha. Nangona Merrick wakwazi ukusebenza kuphela ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo, wayekuthanda ukwakha imodeli encinane yecawa, lo gama i-Hospital Royal.

ukufa

Nantsi ibhayografi elifutshane. Dzhozef Merrik wafa abaselula: ngelo xesha ukufa nkqu eneminyaka engama-28 ubudala. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1890 e-Royal Hospital London.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uYosefu ukulala phezu komqamelo, yaye ehleli nje, ngokuba iphazamisa nangezilonda kunye neziqu entloko. Kodwa ngenye imini wayefuna ukuya kulala elele phantsi, njengabo bonke abantu abaqhelekileyo. Le lokulinga yasilela: uYosefu wabulawa zizalwa, ngokuba intloko Naye entanyeni yakhe ethe. ukufa kwakhe kwaba buhlungu, njengoko bonke ubomi.

Dzhozef Merrik ( "elephant man"): iikowuteshini, aphorisms

Ethandwa kakhulu umbongo ukuba wabhala Merrick. Apha uthetha malunga zemihla ngemihla yabo;

Ewe, ndiyazi ukuba khangela ngaphezu engaqhelekanga mna,

Kodwa bayandityhola oku, kwaye uyazisola uThixo.

Ukuba nako ukwenza ngokwabo ngokutsha,

Bendiya ukudanisa nawe.

Ukuba ndithe ndaya esuka kwipali ukuya esibondeni,

Ukuba abambalwa ndathatha ulwandle,

Emva koko unike umphefumlo wam

Kwaye engqondweni yomntu eqhelekileyo.

Enye amazwi abadumileyo bakaYosefu: "Ungaze ... hayi, soze ... akukho nto iphela emehlweni ukuphefumla umoya, imvula, amafu amhlophe, ukubetha kwentliziyo ... Akukho nto uza kufa .." Ukuba babona kwengqumbo wokupheliswa yabantu, Merrick ushwankathelwa it up in isivakalisi esinye: "Abantu boyika oko abanako ukuqonda."

Next mfi

Dzhozef Keri Merrick, eyaziwa ngokuba "Elephant Man", waba ligorha bhanyabhanya eziliqela. Xa movie "Ukususela Esihogweni" ngo-2001, yena luvela thotho kamabonwakude yaseBritani "nekhuba Street" Mhlekazi Frederick Treves kunye Merrick waqalisa uthotho eziliqela zabalinganiswa. Kodwa ibali ngokupheleleyo ubomi bakhe kubonisiwe uDavide Lynch film "Elephant Man", apho umlinganiswa ophambili eyadlalwa Dzhon Hort, kunye Doctor wakhe umhlobo - Anthony Hopkins.

Kulilishwa ukuba ubomi Dzhozefa Merrika ziphuhliswe ukuze hayi ngenye indlela, kodwa wamisela umzekelo olukhulu kanjani ungasoloko ukuhlala abantu.