"Endala iTestamente Emnye": inkcazo le icon

Intsingiselo yawo kobuKristu imfundiso abantu abathathu bamanyene ingumongo uThixo nguBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele. Ezi amabanjwa amathathu kuye kokufa - kuThixo uYise, uThixo uNyana, noThixo uMoya oyiNgcwele, akasayi tho omnye komnye yaye akanako. Ngamnye kubo njengokubonisa kwenye namaqurhu alo. Church oyiNgcwele ikufundisayo umanyano ngokupheleleyo kaBathathu Emnye, ihlabathi bokuyila, ezingelwa kulo wawungcwalisa.

Umfanekiso kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele kwi iconography

Zintathu Ongcwele libali yemveli Orthodox iconography. Kodwa umfanekiso ngqo kaThixo wayeza kuba yaphula ingqikelelo kanaphakade kunye incomprehensibility yayo, kuboniswa amazwi Evangelista Ioanna: "UThixo akazange abone nabani na kwaye zange" ukusetyenziswa ezenziwe imifanekiso fanekisela, izinto eziphambili nto leyo Old Testament Emnye.

Kuba kuye kwatyhilwa kwalo mfanekiso Iconographers ngokwamandulo asebenzise kumfanekiso kuchazwe kwisahluko 18 kwibhayibhile Genesis. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Hospitality ka-Abraham." Kwiivesi 1 ukuya 18, uthi usolusapho uAbraham, emini lokuphumla, wanikwa ukutyelela amadoda amathathu ngayo. Ukubona amehlo yokomoya ngendlela yabo uThixo wavela phambi kwakhe, uAbraham lowo weza wayemhlonipha kunye iindwendwe.

Loo ndawo sisiseko Scene yemveli iconographic - Old Testament Emnye. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ndayihluthwa kungenzeka umfanekiso ngqo uMdali wehlabathi, iinkosi babhenela ngezenzo zabo okuzekeliswayo eye waba ubuchule zazo ziphambili ekhululekile. Ngoko ke ivela ibe isiko ezifakwe Intsikelelo iCawa, ukuba bamele amadoda abo batyelela uAbraham ngokohlobo zezulu ezintathu.

Inkangeleko Emnye oyiNgcwele iziza ezintle

Lo mfanekiso yokuqala, nto leyo ibonisa Old Testament Emnye, wabonakala kwinkulungwane II ngomhla ezindongeni mangcwaba baseRoma, apho amaKristu okuqala ngasese abasemagunyeni zobuhedeni benze inkonzo. La manani ukuze ahambelane izimiso esekwe kwiinkulungwane kamva, waza wanikela kubo le ndawo wakhangela kakhulu zembali. Kodwa ngeli thuba, bengazi thina amagcisa baye bazama ukugxininisa ukufana weendwendwe ezintathu Abraham.

yenkolo kamva usungule igama elithi "izokefalnost", nto leyo emele ukulingana lwabahambi. Le mizobo bodonga mangcwaba baseRoma, yena umgca ngaphantsi liyingozi ngubo yobunye apho ngabom kwaye ukuyambesa amadoda amathathu. Ngokuthe ngcembe lo mfanekiso iindwendwe abatyelela kookhokho iTestamente Endala, waqala ukuthatha ngakumbi elingumqondiso ngakumbi, yaye ekugqibeleni kwabakho isiko womfanekiso wabo kwifomu yeengelosi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ibali "Endala iTestamente Emnye" Ngokufuthi kwiinguqulelo ezimbini - izokefalny kunye neizokefalny. Kwimeko yokuqala, njengoko iqondwa ukusuka kwikota ngokwawo, luzele ubume static ugxininisa ukulingana efanayo lezithunywa ezithathu. Kule yesibini - omnye kubo kukhethwa ukukhanya, umfanekiso umnqamlezo, okanye umbhalo ahambelanayo.

sonto yamandulo esekelwe

Ukongeza Emnye oyiNgcwele, ngomhla iindonga mangcwaba enye umfanekiso wakhe omdala yi zayimosaic senkulungwane V kwi kwindlu yonqulo Arc de Triomphe Roman of Santa Maria Maggiore. umfanekiso yokuqamba kunokuba nzima. Oku abangaboni yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. Phezulu uboniswa uAbraham wagidima waya kumkhawulela abasemzini, enye yazo lingqongwe umqhele ezikhanyayo phandle - njengophawu ubungcwele, yaye emazantsi imelwe itafile, emva apho kuhlala iindwendwe. Umnini-Abraham uvezwa kabini - ukuba alinde iindwendwe wanikela ebonisa umfazi wakhe uSara. Le wesiqalo ngulo a osisityebi Ngenxa isakhiwo inqaba - kuyacaca, uAbraham House kunye Mamvriyskogo oki phantsi apho intlanganiso yaso yabanjwa kanye.

Inguqulelo lokugqibela ekwakhiweni

Ii icon ngekhulu Ukwakhiwa XIV ebonisa Emnye oyiNgcwele, ikhona kwi kuhlobo ezibhaliweyo eyona idumileyo leesampuli yayo. Oku kuboniswa icon "Emnye Zyryanskaya" wadala kweli xesha kwaye kunganxulunyaniswa ibrashi of St Stephen of Perm. Kucingwa ukuba kulo yona kwixesha lokuqala thaca umboniso nokudala wedwa ziingelosi, ehleli kuba itafile sangokuhlwa.

Andrei Rublev: "Old Testament Emnye"

Lo msebenzi sele ibhalwe wathi lukhulu. Kwaye nje kwenzeka, kuba phakathi ezahlukeneyo icon, ebhalwe umbandela 'Hospitality ka-Abraham ", ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo," iTestamente Endala Emnye "Rublev. Ngokokubona abagxeki kunye iingcali yokudweba yamandulo Russian esinye, igcisa lifikelele iqondo eliphezulu ukudizwa umongo yokomoya oziqu zithathu yobuThixo. Lo msebenzi, wadala kwinkulungwane XV, yaba enye yee icon abaziwayo Russian.

isisombululo Ukwakhiwa ngendlela ngokungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Amanani iingelosi ngokungathi elibhaliweyo isangqa ongabonakaliyo, engumqondiso beziqu ezithathu consubstantial. Kwangaxeshanye, igcisa liluphumeza isiphumo, apho umbukeli kaThixo wondela akuthethi ukucamngca na kubo, yaye esi simiyo ngaphakathi ngesisa isithuba kuyilwa, iziko lwesemantiki apho sisitya kunye nentloko kwimvana yemibingelelo. Kuyenzeka ngeenxa cwaka izimbo incoko yakhe.

iisimboli zamaKristu kwi icon ye Rublev

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i "Endala iTestamente Emnye" - i icon, zizele iimpawu zokomfuziselo, wayevakalisa iimfundiso zamaKristu ezisisiseko. Yiloo nto umzobo kwenzeka ngenxa imifanekiso yeengelosi manani endlwini, umthi nentaba. imifanekiso zabo zizele umxholo olunentsingiselo. Ngoko ingelosi ukuya ngasekhohlo, ebonisa uThixo uYise. Oku kungqinwa ibekwe kuYe umfanekiso wendlu - amagumbi Abraham elivumelana mzuzu lokuqala loqoqosho kaThixo, ezenziwe ukuthanda kwakhe.

Tree - oki Mamvriyskogo, kuboniswa ngaphezu ungoyena usembindini engathandi mbalwa kumthi wobomi, kwaye ezinxulumene godparents kusithuthumbisa uMsindisi. Ngako oko, umbukeli eseleyo Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ungoyena usembindini ubume umbhali zazibonisa uNyana kaThixo, uYesu Kristu.

Ke inani le ngelosi ngasekhohlo, incam lwezincedisi yayo kubonisiwe ngentla entabeni - uphawu ekunyukeni ngokomoya, zenziwa ngenxa yesenzo umntu wesithathu uMoya oyiNgcwele. Lo mfanekiso entabeni eBhayibhileni ezinxulumene iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Esi sipho amacwecwe yomnqophiso e yaseSinayi, i yoTshintsho kwiNtaba yaseTabhore kunye neNtaba Ascension kwi Elionskoy eYerusalem.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, yaye ingcamango kubaluleke ngakumbi, nto leyo ichaza i "Endala kwiTestamente Emnye". Andrei Rublev emsebenzini wakhe bokwenyaniso buchopho wakwazi ukwenza prototype umanyano lokwenene nothando. manani bakhe, akanayo intshukumo esebenzayo, kwaye ngokungathi batywiliselwe ngento engashukumi, ezele unxibelelwano cwaka. Phambi kwamehlo umbukeli ubonakala inkqubo communicability le amandla kaThixo, amabanjwa ngaphakathi incarnations ezintathu zikaThixo.

Icon Simon Ushakov

Eyaziwa ngokuba omnye icon of "Old Testament Emnye", apho umbhali - inkosi Silver Chamber of komyalelo Moscow yesicelo Izikrweqe Simon Ushakov. Libhalwe ngo 1667. Ngu yakheke Ushakov "Endala iTestamente Emnye" lilandela isithethe Andreya Rubleva. Ibonisa le ndawo efanayo nesenzeko abasemzini kuAbraham, kwaye enye engumfuziselo neengelosi abhaliwe isangqa, ukwenza umbukeli umbono ubunye. Noko ke, le mveliso uneempawu zawo ngamnye.

Zokuhombisa, Umfanekiso ngokubuyisela

Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba iingelosi Ushakov nangona basondele amanani yakho umzobo kubonisiwe kwi icon ye Andreya Rublova, ayahluka kubo somzimba ngokugqithiseleyo nezendalo. amaphiko azo basondela nge ngenyameko oluchaza, enzima kubonakala ayikwazi ukuba aluphakamise emoyeni nkqu noomoya nemizimba.

Umahluko okuphawuleka kukodwa nemvelaphi, nto leyo ibonisa yonke ndawo. Ukuba Rublev, uye intsingiselo ngokuyintloko zokomfuziselo, ngoko Ushakov, kunokuba zokuhombisa. Yinto nje indawo enhle kunye palazzo wembali, intaba ezibukekayo kunye nemithi. Lo mbhali kwi icon "Endala iTestamente Emnye" phantse Wazihluba zonke zontathu landscape bathi intsingiselo yazo yokomfuziselo. Kanti jonga ngokudlulisa kubo kwanele ukuba bakhumbule iinkcukacha ezifana kwi imizobo Veronese.

Iyazigatya ingqalelo umhombiso theyibhile nazo. Ukuba Rublev kuphela ikomityi enye kuphela entloko ithole, nto leyo nayo lizele intsingiselo yokomfuziselo kwaye ingqondo ekumele ukuba bacinge ngayo idini lokucamagushela uNyana kaThixo, kulo mzekelo, igcisa wagxininisa zizityebi okhonzayo, edibana ngayo ngokugqibeleleyo zipeyintwe izitulo. Loo intabalala yomhombiso akukho okufana lo icon.

Trinity New Testament

Kwisiqwenga icon ngasentla ethatyathwa kwiTestamente eNdala, ngoko zibizwa ngokuba "Endala kwiTestamente Emnye". Kodwa ngoyaba umfanekiso oqhelekileyo iTestamente Entsha Emnye - inguqulelo ezahlukeneyo umfanekiso kaBathathu Emnye Divine. Oku kusekelwe amazwi kaYesu zinikwe yeVangeli kaYohane: ". Mna nobawo sibanye" Kweli bali ezintathu kokufa kaThixo imifanekiso kaThixo uYise ngokohlobo indoda endala engwevu-iinwele, uNyana kaThixo, lowo uKristu, indoda ubudala aphakathi, kunye noMoya oyiNgcwele ngohlobo njengehobe.

Ezahlukeneyo ze kumfanekiso iTestamente Entsha kaBathathu Emnye

Leli cebo waziwa embodiments eziliqela, iconographic, ezahlukeneyo ikakhulu indawo kubonisiwe amanani kuyo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo - "Soprestolie" na umfanekiso ngokungqalileyo kuThixo uYise, uThixo uNyana, wahlala etroneni yakhe, okanye emafini aphakeme Dove phezulu - nguMoya oyiNgcwele.

Enye ibali eyaziwa-kakuhle nayo ibizwa ngegama "Lezwe". Kuyo, uThixo uBawo imelwe uhleli etroneni kunye lwaBantwana Spa Emmanuel, ehleli phezu ngamadolo izandla zakhe isigaba ukukhanya blue. Ngaphakathi, wabeka umfanekiso fanekisela yoMoya oyiNgcwele njengehobe.

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokwenzeka ngokomfanekiselo kaThixo uYise

Kukho nezinye ezahlukeneyo ze-New Testament Emnye icon-ukupeyinta, ezifana i "Emnqamlezweni usesifubeni sikaYise," "Ukukhanya ongunaPhakade", "Otoslanie kaKristu emhlabeni," yaye eziliqela nabanye. Noko ke, phezu kokuba yande yabo phakathi nezazi phezu eminyaka ibuye iimbambano malunga semthethweni kolu hlobo amabali emifanekiso.

Abagxeki acela yokuba, ngokutsho iVangeli, uThixo uYise, akukho namnye umntu owakha wambona, yaye ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba baveze. Ukuxhasa uluvo lwakhe ngabo Cathedral minyaka le Moscow Enkulu 1666-1667, 43 Fumaka kumhlathi we ezigatyayo Ungumfanekiselo kaThixo uYise, esalinikwayo ngexesha ngunobangela ukurhoxiswa ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso ezininzi.

Kwakhona elinye iqela bazisekela izityholo zabo ezilungileyo, nto amazwi kaKristu: ". Lowo undibonileyo mna umbonile noBawo" Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa iTestamente Entsha Emnye, nangona impikiswano, uqinisekile kwi imixholo icon, iziqu yiCawa Orthodox. Hi ndlela leyi, zonke iinketho of the New Testament Emnye wabonakala kwimizobo Russian kakhulu emva kwexesha. De kwinkulungwane XVI, baba engaziwayo.