ESmolensk inqaba: inqaba, inkcazo yazo. Thunder ESmolensk inqaba ende

isixeko ESmolensk engqongwe ngeendonga neenqaba ezinde. Idla ngokuba iinqaba zokubonisela Russia zamaxesha ekuthiwa ESmolensk yesicelo, "Umgexo welizwe Russian." Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku nje kufikelelwe yakhiwe isiqingatha inqaba, kodwa oko kongeza kuphela -ngomtsalane litye lesikhumbuzo yimbali sobunyani.

kwimbali

Izihlandlo Ivana Groznogo kule ndawo kwakukho inqaba yokubonisela yamaplanga kunye wongqameko zodongwe. Kodwa kuphuhliso zokudubula iindonga yeplanga nako ukumelana notshaba, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili.

ESmolensk bekusoloko kukho reference ingongoma ebalulekileyo eRashiya yaye ngokufuthi bathe bangqingwa lutshaba, ngoko abalawuli zisoloko wanyamekela zonyuselo yayo. Ngomthetho ka Fedora Ioannovicha ngo-1595 waqala ukwakha yonke imikhosi zikaRhulumente Moscow isakhiwo ilitye, apho kamva waziwa ngokuba inqaba ESmolensk kunye kwikona ukuzithethelela neenqaba eliphakathi.

Esi sakhiwo grand sasetyenziswa okokuqala kwimbali yabasebenzi 30,000 abasebenzi salaried. Olawula le projekthi yokwakha omkhulu Fyodor Kon. Iindonga zamatye kwakhiwa iminyaka 6. ukuphakama kwawo kwafikelela 18 m, ubukhulu -. 6 m Ngelo xesha, namandla kakhulu neendonga yinto engekhoyo eRashiya. Ubude umjikelezo iyonke yaba 6.5 km. Ukongeza iindonga zakhiwa kwaye neNqaba ESmolensk inqaba kwi mali lamaqhosha 38. Ngokusisiseko, baba-tiered ezintathu, kubude 22 ukuya 33 m.

ESmolensk inqaba ende

Babambelela indawo ekhethekileyo ESmolensk inqaba. Ngawo la imisebenzi enokwenziwa:

1. Olungenamiqathango.
2. umlilo Longitudinal.
3. Protection esangweni.
4. imikhosi yokuhlala kunye nabanye.

Interesting nyaniso: I ESmolensk yesicelo akazange abe nayiphi na inqaba efanayo. Ubude kunye nokumila iinqaba exhomekeke mphandle kunye nendawo. Le nokwakheka amasango 9. Ekhaya abapasa ende - "Frolov". Ngalo ungafumana ukuba ikomkhulu karhulumente Russian. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yesibini - i "Molohovskaya" inqaba, kuvula indlela eya Kiev, Roslavl kunye nabanye.

Ezinye iinqaba kwenziwe lula abangakumbi. 13 izakhiwo beniziimfama ngokupheleleyo, ukanti imilo eziziingxande, ezinde baba shestnadtsatigrannymi 7 no-9 - ngeenxa zonke.

Bokuxhathisa kwaye ukuphikiswa ESmolensk enqabeni

Ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Polish ngenkulungwane ye-18 ESmolensk nqaba yahlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, oko satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ezinde 4. Zange mntu singathatha nangoko ekulweni. Fortress ngeli xesha wema zokungqinga 3 ewonke iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu. Ngokusesikweni imboniselo njenge yokubonisela-isakhiwo zayeka ukubakhona ngo-1786. Bonke bakhonza e gunners zakhe nemipu zabo zathunyelwa kwamanye iinqaba. Kodwa uNapoleon wayeke kwakhona kuhla inqaba ESmolensk namasango ayo, wasithimba isixeko. iindonga ezomeleleyo ethembekile ukubetha usuku-2, kunye kweziqhushumbisi yomkhosi uNapoleon ngowe-1812. Hi ndlela leyi, iindonga (iinkcukacha ilitye elimhlophe) eyakhiwe lekalika, onikezelwa kulwakhiwo iikwari Konobeevskii. ESmolensk inqaba ilifa ngamandla kokurhoxa French, ukuba zonakaliswe kanobom. Ngokomyalelo woMlawuli uNapoleon zonke iinqaba zonke inqaba sele misela. 9 ezinde zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo uqhushumbo, kwaye abanye baye babethwa kwaye kususwa umzimba Cossack Ataman M. Platov.

ESmolensk yesicelo walibeka kwixesha loxolo

Ngelishwa, yokwaphuka ESmolensk inqaba negalelo nje kuphela imfazwe. Emva kokuba Napoleonic Iimfazwe, kule minyaka 1820-1830, iindonga izakhiwo Uyalwa ukuba zikwimeko amahlwempu, ibattery izitena ukuze kubuyiselwe izakhiwo esixekweni, yatshatyalaliswa yimfazwe.

Ngowe-1930 ESmolensk yesicelo ngokubonakalayo ibattery izinto zokwakha ukwakhiwa Stalin. Kwiminyaka emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II inqaba eyakhelwe wanceda ukubuyisela nesixeko kunye mmandla yayo.

ESmolensk inqaba namhlanje

Nanamhla oku, yalondolozwa ubude elipheleleyo ESmolensk Fortress - 3.5 km, 9 apha iquka siyinxalenye iindonga neenqaba-18.

ESmolensk yesicelo - le into nembali kunye nenkcubeko lemveli ubaluleke federal. Towers namaqhekeza zeendonga ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi. Eli candelo inkulu ubude udonga 1.5 km ise kwimpuma ESmolensk.

abakhenkethi ezininzi ezifana crazy ESmolensk yesicelo. ESmolensk - sisixeko samandulo kunye ubunzima lwembali ezikhumbuzo.

The main lesikhumbuzo yembali isebenza imyuziyam, indawo yokuhlangana kunye parkurschikov ekujoliswe oyithandayo. Kuba abo musa ungathanda ekhokelwa self ukhenketho, kungakuhle ukuba atyelele i "beNdudumo" inqaba, nto leyo edla zinginginya Ikonsathi ngomdlalo zeenkwenkwezi lengxondorha, kunye nezinye lomculo.

WoKhanketho ikhululekile ukutyelela oyidingayo ilitye, ngakumbi ukuba uhamba kwi ESmolensk inqaba - isiganeko ekhumbulekayo, ukongeza, sinako ukubona kwisixeko samandulo ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo kwaye babubone Dnieper.

"Pyatnitskaya" Tower

Ende kunye nesango igama elifanayo ebuyiselweyo wabaphakamisa kuyo. Kanye nge "Pyatnitsky" amasango bangaze bangene isixeko ESmolensk. Ngowe-1812, bona, njengezinye namasango neenqaba, leyo lwaluquka ESmolensk yesicelo, nophondo yi umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo. Kamva kule ndawo lwakwakhiwa Church of St. Tihona Zadonskogo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i "Pyatnitskaya" inqaba, imyuziyam of "ivodka Russian", apho wonke umntu uyakwazi ukungcamla eziveliswa distillery zasekuhlaleni kwaye bafunde ezinye izibakala neyanamhlanje eRashiya.

lokuduma tower

Enye ezinde kakhulu elihle "Umgexo yelizwe Russian" na "Bendudumo." Waziwa ngamanye amagama:

1. "Round".
2. "Topinskaya". Xa kukho kumgxobhozo nomgxobhozo, ke igama layo le nqaba.
3. "Tupinskaya". Ende wakha engile obtuse, mhlawumbi wamnika isihloko enjalo.

Eyokuqala obuyiselwe - "beNdudumo" ESmolensk inqaba ende kubuyiselwa kwimo yangaphambili. Apha uyakwazi ukubona ngaphakathi ekhethekileyo inqaba, ahambe ezinyukweni amqengqelezi usithande amajukujuku ngamaplanga ngaphakathi.

Le kwenqanaba sesibini nenqaba uphethe mboniso, ebalisa ibali kwesakhiwo kunye wokhuselo yobuqhawe inqaba. Iindwendwe anikwa ithuba lokuba angene ukudibana kwakudala ezizizo 16-17 kwiinkulungwane th. Kwakhona kule ndawo wabeka ubeko lwe ESmolensk inqaba - imbonakalo wokuqala ESmolensk enqaba elunge zonke ezinde, koqoqo, masango.

Le kwenqanaba lesithathu "beNdudumo" yi umboniso "Idabi Grunwald, iminyaka engama-600 kamva," kunye imiboniso - ngokutsha iingalo iintonga okulwa ESmolensk seLizwe, i-Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kunye nabanye.

floor 4th liqonga ukubukela. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho imidlalo ezahlukeneyo kwamagcisa Ikonsathi. Nantsi i Museum "St Petersburg - ikhaka Russian", ibekwe i "beNdudumo" kwiNqaba ESmolensk inqaba.

A utyelelo kwi ESmolensk nqaba kufuneka uqale ngo "beNdudumo" inqaba, njengoko kukho lalidla ngokutsha yembali, apho ubona umthendeleko ngokubanzi, abantu iimpahla ephakathi kunye namajoni Lithuanian.