Eyona engundoqo wemisebenzi yamapolisa Russian: inkcazelo, iimfuno kunye nemigaqo

Amapolisa ... Enye igama arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kaninzi yenza abantu uqhwithela neemvakalelo ezingakhiyo. Kodwa uvumo ipolisa elalifudula ingqalelo ehlonitshwe kakhulu, kwaye kwaqondwa ukuba abemi baya kuba simhloniphe zombini kubume samapolisa yonke kunye namalungu ayo single. ngaba amapolisa Russian khangela njani ngaphakathi? Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba iinjongo eziphambili ze amapolisa? Yintoni kufuneka iphawulwa ngamapolisa egqibeleleyo, kutheni umfanekiso efunekayo ke kaninzi ungqamane lokwenene? Zonke ezi mibuzo ziya kufumana iimpendulo kweli nqaku.

Yintoni amapolisa?

Police - yenye amalungu lwemicimbi zangaphakathi, eyinxenye ye Ministry of Internal Affairs ye-Russian Federation. Amapolisa, ngokuxhomekeka kwicala imisebenzi lungohlulwa lube ulwaphulo-mthetho, amapolisa yokhuseleko loluntu, ngokunjalo nokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nezithuthi. Eqondisa izixhobo amapolisa, uMphathiswa of Internal Affairs, kwakunye iintloko imizimba lwengingqi yoMphathiswa Interior kunye neentloko zamasebe. ukukhusela impilo, ubomi, amalungelo nenkululeko abemi, kwakunye ukukhusela iimfanelo karhulumente bangaphathwa olwaphulo - ngowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo bamapolisa. Xa isakhiwo amapolisa mihla kuquka amasebe zokuhlola angapha kwesibini, kubandakanywa: i-Criminal Investigation Department, iSebe ukuba ucwangcise yophando, amapolisa uqhushululu, i-National Central Bureau of Interpol, etc ...

Indlela: emapoliseni okanye amapolisa? guqula Interior Ministry

Ngo-2011, ukulungiswa Ministry of Internal Affairs yaqhutywa, leyo walitshintsha igama kunye namagunya amagosa zokunyanzelisa umthetho ukwenzela ukuphelisa urhwaphilizo izakhiwo Interior Ministry. Ukususela ngo-2011 zonke amapolisa kwakufuneka aye ngokusebenzisa recertification enyanzelekileyo ukuze afumane ubume ipolisa. Kamva, ngaphezulu kwama-10 Interior Ministry iinjengele bakunduluka, kwaye amapolisa baqalisa ukusebenzisa inkonzo ubugcisa ezintsha. Ixesha lokuqala ekuxoxeni inxalenye enkulu Ibhili okunjalo abemi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5.

Imbali Amaphoyisa

Amapolisa eRashiya ayikho ugunyaziwe omtsha, njengoko wayebonakele kwinkulungwane XVIII, xa uPetros I ukuxhasa indlela uluntu St. Petersburg yamkele post entsha Jikelele wamaPolisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iofisi amapolisa wabonakala kwizixeko ezininzi weRashiya. Ngowe-1775, wadalwa lipolisa yasemaphandleni. Ke umsebenzi amapolisa akazange kuphela ukusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa uphando yenkundla.

Ngowe-1866, okokuqala kuBukhosi Russian yasekwa ngumntu sub-icandelo olulodwa, nto leyo inxaxheba kwi-disclosure-mthetho olunobuzaza imibuzo ukuqhuba - lipolisa. Eli candelwana kwandisa Criminal Investigation Service. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukongeza kwiBolsheviks ukungavumelani yokuqala (umbono wabo nephupha kwaba ukudala amapolisa kunye nomkhosi evela kubantu abaqhelekileyo, kwafuneka ukuba balungiselele ngokwayo kumaqela kakuhle ezinxityelelanisiweyo, bexhobile), amapolisa wahlala kunjalo, nangona ifomu zingaguquka.

Kwekhono kunye nemigaqo wamapolisa

Iinjongo yamapolisa (phantsi komthetho federal "On yamaPolisa") zezi: ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwabantu, ukukhuselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ubunini, ukuchongwa ubhaqo lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukhuseleko ucwangco kunye nokhuseleko loluntu, uthintelo komgomo yolawulo-mthetho, ukuncedisa amashishini kunye nabantu kunye lunyhasho ngokucacileyo kwamalungelo abo . Amapolisa kufuneka asebenze ngaphakathi komthetho, ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yokuziphatha, nokuhlonipha amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi uhlanga, ezenkolo kunye nemibono yezopolitiko. imisebenzi yabo amapolisa akakwazi ukusombulula ngokusebenzisa nxaniso, ubundlobongela ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni. Ukongeza, amapolisa akanalo ilungelo lokusebenzisa okanye ukusasaza ulwazi lobuqu malunga umntu ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe (ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezichazwe ngumthetho federal).

Iimpawu yamapolisa zomkhosi

Phambi kokuba October Revolution, indima amapolisa zomkhosi wayesenza ekuthiwa-gendarmes. Ingcamango inkampani yamapolisa emkhosini emva kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iisampulu iinguqu basiwa ngo-2010-2012, kodwa ngo-2015, Vladimir Putin likuvumile yitshata amapolisa yamajoni imikhosi exhobileyo eRashiya. Ngoku, amapolisa amabutho, ukwenza imisebenzi impilo, ubomi kunye nenkululeko emkhosini iyinxalenye lwesakhiwo Interior Ministry. Ukongeza, amapolisa yomkhosi kulandela ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuziphatha iinkampu zomkhosi kwaye unelungelo ukukhangela ukomelela ngokwasemzimbeni wamajoni. Chief of Military iPolisa yintloko Russian Federation Ministry of Defence.

kufuneka ibe Yintoni ipolisa?

Kanye esemthethweni zonke, ipolisa unyanzelekile ukuba balandele ikhowudi ngobuchule ukubonakala kwazo nokuziphatha ukuba intlonipho kunye intembeko abemi. Ngelishwa, abameli ezininzi sibaluleke kangaka lizwe kunye ucwangco loluntu, lo msebenzi ukuthobela yonke imithetho yokuziphatha. Kakhulu, amagosa ukulibala ukuba ingxaki kwamagosa asebupoliseni akakwazi kuhlala isonjululwe ngendlela efanayo, inkalipho okanye ukulungiselela ngokomzimba elungileyo.

Ngoko ke,, ngaphandle ngentla, kufuneka ibe yintoni ezinye iimpawu akhoyo phoyisa elungileyo? Okokuqala, - i ukuphendula imbeko, kuba uvumo lwepolisa kuqala, ukuba ukusebenza nabantu. Ngokuba kufike abantu, icocekile, umntu ngenxa yezazela zabo bangathanda ukuba ucele uncedo. Kule meko efanayo, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa unyamezelo kunye uzibambile. isikhululo samapolisa - hayi indawo iimvakalelo kunye ukuziphatha okuyingozi. Ngaphezu koko, amapolisa kufuneka abe 100% ukumelana nayo abantu bezinye iintlanga okanye inkolelo. Okwesibini, ipolisa linyanzelekile ukuba balandele umthetho yaye musa ukudlula igunya labo. Kodwa igosa lamapolisa ukungavisisani akhokelwe yimigaqo zabo yokuziphatha, kungekhona nje amaphepha soulless lwe khowudi, ukuba ukulungele ukuthatha uxanduva yokuziphatha ngokuba kwenzeka ntoni. Kwaye enye into ebalulekileyo ikhowudi nobungcali yamapolisa izwe. Ngapha koko, ingxaki amapolisa Russian Federation ngendlela enye okanye omnye onxulumene ezilungileyo kuluntu Russian.

olunika umdla:

• Kazan and eMoscow, kukho amapolisa lokusingqongileyo.
• Lomvuzo ipolisa (igosa lamapolisa zikarhulumente) kuBukhosi Russian - 20,70 engange, okanye 26.287 engange imali yanamhlanje.
• EFinland, malunga-90% abemi ayithembe abalindi yomyalelo.
• 30% amalungu yaMapolisa yaseMzantsi Afrika - amabhinqa.
• Ndelelo isiqhulo "inkunkuma" wavela phambi revolution, yaye iphuma segama ICC - le Moscow uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Amapolisa - enye-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, ngaphandle apho lizwe nako ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Nangona ukugxeka lomgadi Ministry of Internal Affairs, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba izakhiwo zayo kodwa akusoloko iinjengele abanyanisekileyo okanye colonels, ukusebenza abantu abaqhelekileyo abeza awayihlangula ukuba umntu emana enkqonkqoza esitratweni, bazihluthe ibango lazo, asongele, njalo-njalo. D. amapolisa - oko kukuthi isiqinisekiso yethu yoxolo nozinzo kweli lizwe.