Expressionism abstract

Abstract Expressionism wavela eNew York kwi sharing-1940-1950 yaye ngokukhawuleza waba ngomnye intshukumo kakhulu ezinamandla kunye nempembelelo kwimbali taka. Ukwakha phezu eziyimpumelelo avant-garde yaseYurophu zobugcisa, iqela amagcisa eyaziwa ngokuba "expressionists abstract" (or "New York School"), liqulunqe ucaphulo esitsha ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo.

Phakathi Amagcisa ababekolo intshukumo, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford Sekunjalo, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, uRobert eMotherwell, uWilliam Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-DART. Nangona ezinye amanani eziphambili Abstract Expressionism abafudukela, kuquka Marko Rothko, nama- Gofman, Arshile Gorky, yaba intshukumo lokuqala American ngokupheleleyo kwizinto zobugcisa. New York yaba likomkhulu olutsha ezintsha zobugcisa kwiminyaka ezayo, "ususe" kwi-Paris Modern Art ingubo yokwaleka inkokeli. E-New York, wadala ulwimi olubonakalayo, nto leyo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ifikelele iikona ezisemaphandleni kulo mhlaba.

Igama "expressionism abstract" efunyenwe ukuhlanganiswa ubunzulu ngokweemvakalelo iimpawu Expressionist German mfundiso "antiobraznymi" kwizikolo abstract European (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Ukongeza, nto ichazwa njengendlela anarchic, ezizodwa kakhulu, nkqu nabanye ingqondo intshukumo okanye ukungabi. Ukuziqhelisa, eli gama libhekisela kuyo naliphi inani amagcisa asebenza eNew York izimbo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, akukho namnye leyo, akukho ndlela akakwazi Isenokuchazwa expressionism zoqobo okanye abstract.

Mizobo ezi amagcisa ukuba ukudala ngakumbi umsebenzi omkhulu akunanto yakwenza kwindibano eyamkelekileyo kwi ngobugcisa thematically. Oku kubonisa ienjini zawo, ngoko bazama ukufumana kwimithombo yangaphakathi jikelele. Spontaneity kunye improvisation ezo zinto zibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yoyilo. Nangona imisebenzi expressionists abstract "simelane" naluphi na uhlobo zesimbo, zingakotshwa ngokwamaqela malunga kukhetho ezimbini eziphambili: kujoliswe kwi isenzo enezinto ezinamandla; ukucamngca, kwagxilwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo umbala. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, umfanekiso, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba ukutsalwa. Naxa umfanekiso esekelwe ubunyani ezibonwayo, abstract expressionist ekhethwayo ndlela, "yalahleka ingcamango".

Abstract Expressionism yaphuhliswa ngokomxholo we ezahlukeneyo idlulela nganye neminye imithombo. Amagcisa amaninzi aye enza amanyathelo wabo wokuqala ekuqaleni 1930. The Great Depression kwavusa ukuvela iintshukumo ezimbini ubugcisa: Ridzhionalizm kunye Sotsiorealizm. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo, angahluthiyo noko ezi mvumi ekufuneni kwabo isiqulatho yokuluka ezinexabiso nkqi, lubonisa ingcamango uxanduva lwentlalo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye simahla ukususela provincialism kunye izandi ezincinane wodwa yezopolitiko. Le yenye zango ezininzi intshukumo, ogama iingcambu kulala ukupeyinta yokomfuziselo-1930. Phantse zonke Abstract Expressionists zaye "wambetha" kwi kumava Great Depression, ubugcisa babo kuvuthwa phantsi kwempembelelo Ridzhionalizma kunye Sotsiorealizma. Kwakhona kwavula indlela neziphumo eziphambili zobugcisa American kunye nokwenziwa kwe kwimpucuko yaseYurophu. Kuloo minyaka eNew York, balungiselela Imiboniso ezininzi yaseYurophu avant-garde art, ukongeza, kwakukho ukuqeqesha izifundo kwimpucuko. Utitshala inelona futhe likhulu zobugcisa owayephila eUnited States waba nama- Gofman, abasuka eJamani ukuya eUnited States ngokusisigxina ngo-1932.

Intlekele eyehlele i-leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye neziphumo zayo ezingundoqo ekuqondeni iingxaki uyilo expressionists abstract. ngamagcisa aselula, ochaphazelekayo malunga icala elibi lobuntu, ngomdla ukuqonda ukuziphatha amanqe, kwaye sesichengeni abantu ingqalelo ngayo umsebenzi wabo ukuvakalisa ezi ngxaki ubugcisa, kodwa umxholo wayo omtsha.

nabo ngqo kunye namagcisa baseYurophu baye banda ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, nto leyo eyakhokelela abaninzi, kuquka Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, uAndré Masson, uAndré Breton, uPiet Mondrian, uFernand Léger, babalekele eUnited States. Surrealists, ngogxininiso zabo nokuchongwa "ienjini", wavula amathuba amatsha. A indlela surrealistic ukukhulula of "abazi" - automatism izangoma, apho isenzo esizenzekelayo improvisation bafumane inkululeko amanyathelo.

Ekuqaleni, lo Expressionists Abstract bekhangela imixholo lixesha kunye batshintsha ngesiquphe ukuba nomdlandla iintsomi nobugcisa lwakudala. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, uRobert eMotherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, uWilliam Baziotis ngenxa zobu yokuvakalisa bafuna inkuthazo kwiinkcubeko zamandulo okanye kwakudala. imisebenzi bokuqala amagcisa kubonisa yayingumfuziselo kunye izinto biomorphic eziguqulelwe kwi khowudi ngamnye. Jung waba obangel 'umdla yaye psychology, kunye utsho lunalo "nemibutho zingqondweni." amazwi ngqo yayibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kungenzeka ngaphandle ecinga (izicwangciso).

Xa nqanaba expressionism aqolileyo abstract, ngowe-1947, Dzhekson Pollok wadala indlela ekhethekileyo - achontsizayo okanye ngaphakathi (a ngelaphu enkulu, wabeka phantsi emgangathweni, yena batshize penda ibrashi).

Kwakhona Willem de Kooning kuphuhliswa eyakhe indlela isimbo sakhe gestural - ngumsindo, pasty "imivumbo-imivumbo 'xa kwakudalwa ebizwa ngokuba" nokutsalwa yokomfuziselo. "

Lee Krasner, kunye Frants Klayn babexakeke ngokulinganayo kunye lombutho njengesenzo olutshintshayo zobugcisa, apho iqhekeza ngalinye mfanekiso wazaliswa (Lee Krasner ebizwa isimbo "obhalwe" ukupeyinta).

Kuba umsebenzi ixabiso expressionists abstract ilele lula yokuthetha. Painting lo kuvulwa ngoobani mculi. A isenzo okanye "tyikityo" wegcisa - ubungqina inkqubo indalo.

Enye indlela ilixa expressionism oqolileyo abstract waba ekhangela amathuba ezibonisa umbala. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman wadala ubugcisa-moya umbala ifomati enkulu - "ibinzana ezilula ingcinga entsonkothileyo," ngokutsho Mark Rothko.

umdla ilifa expressionism abstract ikwabonisa ukuzinikela yeengcali yayo ukusebenzisana kunye nemisinga yengqondo ezingundoqo ngexesha lakhe, kuquka ebomini kunye psychology kaJung (oko sinikhumbule, ethe waba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi expressionism bokwakha usaqala). Nangona ebomini nempembelelo tsotsololo Abstract Expressionists, kodwa negalelo inokusebenza ixhala kunye nokuhlutha ogqugqisileyo ingxoxo ebanzi.

Kuba abagxekayo abaninzi mbali zobugcisa expressionists nempumelelo abstract wamela apogee lwentshukumo modernist, uqalile phantse kwekhulu ngaphambili.

expressionism Abstract iyaqhubeka lokuhlala kwindawo ephambili hayi kuphela kwiincwadi zembali ekuqokelelweni kwezinto zobugcisa kunye lwembali, koko kwakhona kwi ezingqondweni yoluntu. Loo isibheno elide, akukho mathandabuzo, kuba womyoleli ukuya impumelelo enzonzobila.