Eyona ndawo iphambili wentyatyambo - nto ... iindawo eziphambili njengentyantyambo: pistil kunye stamens

Zezityalo zibale ngaphezulu kwe 360 lamawaka iintlobo phakathi kwezityalo kweentyatyambo. Kwaye lo mba awukagqitywa. Flowers zifumaneka ukusuka ekweleenjiko ukuya kumathafa - kuyo yonke imimandla zemozulu kulo mhlaba. Zezi yonke; ezinkqantosini, amahlathi, amathafa, umgxobhozo kunye namachibi, kunxweme kwaye ezintabeni. Le yesityalo eneentyatyambo enze isambuku umba ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila. Enkosi kubo, ekuveliseni ukutya izityalo - ukutya okuziinkozo, imifuno ezininzi kunye neziqhamo, amaqunube kunye namandongomane.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo angiosperms (kweentyatyambo igama yesibini), nentyantyambo. Iinxalenye ezingundoqo intyatyambo - a pistil kunye stamens. Ngenxa iinkqubo entsonkothileyo zivelise imbewu isichumiso, kunye nenxaxheba yabo ifom imbewu - ukuqhubeka ubomi kunye zazivelela kwezityalo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu.

Imbali: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

izityalo ePhakamileyo yenziwe iingcambu, iziqu kunye amagqabi neentyantyambo, leyo kukuncwina ihlenga esiqwini. Iingcambu, isiqu kunye namagqabi - amalungu kwezityalo ukuba banoxanduva ukukhula kwezityalo. Flower - element okuvelisa inzala ka zokuzala. Ngokwesiqhelo, le iintyatyambo zincamathele pedicels - ngoko okuthiwa ingxenye nobunzima isiqu ngaphandle amagqabi. Kwezinye izityalo peduncles abekho okanye ngokulambisa wavakalisa. Oku - iintyatyambo sessile. Peduncle lusanda, abangeni kwezi isitya.

Sibala ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, ukusuka peduncle, iindawo eziphambili intyatyambo. Le isitsha, nto leyo isisiseko likhuphe izinto eziseleyo wentyatyambo. Silahla inokuba iimilo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka etsobhileyo, ezifana MAGNOLIA kwi-moya (camomile) okanye phakathi (rosehips), eqalela indebe, oluthi luqokelelane sepals. zisoloko eluhlaza, kodwa enokuba nemibala eqaqambileyo. Uluthi ukuze single-umqolo okanye epicalyx wabumba kumjikelo wesibini sepals. Okulandelayo - Corolla wentyatyambo, eyakhiwa iintyatyambo. Ezahlukahlukeneyo Corolla intyatyambo enkulu: umbala, umbala ubunzulu, ubungakanani, inombolo, imilo, amalungiselelo efanayo, ezinamagqabi cleavage.

Ndawonye, i sepals kunye ezinamagqabi babumba perianth - egubungele intyatyambo. Ezinye izityalo eneentyatyambo akukho ezinamagqabi, okanye ke musa wayehluke sepals. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i perianth ilula; ibizwa ngokuba kabini xa kukho sepal kunye iintyatyambo. Perianth - abawaziyo khala intyatyambo. Imisebenzi iintyatyambo eyabelwe perianth - ukhuselo carpel (pistil okanye carpel) kunye nesiqinisekiso uvuvuzelo. imibala Bright kunye Corolla nevumba enomtsalane zinika izinambuzane abatyelela ezi zityalo.

Ezi bracts beba, ubuncinane inxalenye enkulu kule mbali. It gynoecium, lula - lo pistil, kuphuhliswa apho Umselu kunye silahla le gametophyte (megaspores). Yeyona amalungu ababhinqileyo okuzala wentyatyambo. I bracts kwaye ke ilungu lobudoda ngokwesondo, iyunithi noshowo leyo - istameni. Ndawonye, i stamens kuthiwa androecium. Le anthers istameni kwasekwa microspores. Avelisa ukhozo umungu - gametophyte eyindoda.

Iinxalenye ezingundoqo intyatyambo

Le pistil kunye stamens zezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ekubeni - ukusasazwa inkunzi nemazi lwegciwane iiseli. Oku - gametophytes, into leyo kuvela intlanganisela imbewu, kunye neziqhamo kweentyatyambo. Pistil (carpel oluchanekileyo kumbiza) iqulathe isizalo, ikholam (ethile kweentyatyambo lulodwa), kunye nokubekwa amabala. Xa isizalo apho sac umbungu Umselu yayo target. Phezulu ikholam iphela mungu, apho umungu ilibazisekile. It senziwa stamens (mikrosporolistikah). istameni lohlobo iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: kwayo (ludlolo, inxalenye engenazintsholongwane) kunye anther (ukuchuma) umsebenzi ochumileyo.

Monoecious and dioecious

Malunga ne-75% ye-iintlobo angiosperms ezi hermaphroditic (hermaphroditic) iintyatyambo - banamandla stamens kunye pistils. Ezi zityalo ezi monoecious (umzekelo - umbona). Kukho izityalo apho abanye abantu - ngeentyatyambo kuphela staminate, kunye nabanye - pistillate kuphela. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba dioecious (umzekelo - hemp).

Inkqubo yaMaxwebhu

Le ke umongo ukubetha uvuvuzelo nomungu phezu ibala stamens. Kusenokuba self-uvuvuzelo, umzekelo ezaziwa leyo ibonwa iintyatyambo engachazwanga (ezinye iintlobo ntyatyambo, peanuts, irhasi). Indlela yesibini - iLayibhrari yaMaxwebhu okwenzeka ezininzi kweentyatyambo. Ezinye abathwali pollen: umoya, amanzi, izinambuzane, iimbovane, iintaka.

kwezichumiso double

Xa gametes oyindoda intlanganisela (amadlozi) ukusuka gamete obhinqileyo (iqanda) kokukhulelwa kwenzeka. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka phezu ibala, engamanzi emanzi incangathi esimnandi, intshule stamens umungu. Xa mitha yantshula uqala likhula umungu ityhubhu - into ende kakhulu, engamarhoqorhoqo kakhulu. Utyhutyha kungena isizalo kufutshane Umselu. Ekupheleni ngemibhobho emibini isidoda apha. Ovule, eliquka iiseli ukuba nangaphakathi isizalo. Iqanda seliza pyltsevhodu, leyo lihlaba pyltsetrubka. Ezinye iiseli, aphakamileyo, ibekwe embindini isizalo. Pyltsetrubka Ungqabhuko kunye bobabini sperm uphume kulo. Omnye engena kukho icytoplasm kunye isiqalo iifyuzi kunye iqanda, kunye nezinye - lingena singene yeseli yesibini. Ukuchumisa kwenzeka kwaye iqanda iqala ukwahlula ngokuphindaphindiweyo, apho iphuhlise intsholongwane esityalo. Iseli eziziisekondari njengoko aqhamileyo ze aqale ukukhula ukwenza endosperm - yokugcina okugciniweyo ngenxa mbungu. Oku kwenza imbewu.

Ngokufutshane malunga umsebenzi iintyatyambo

izityalo kweentyatyambo kule nezityalo planethi babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ku lawula kuphuhliso wayo, ngokunjalo phakathi ezanyisayo izilwanyana. Injongo zonke izinto eziphilayo - ukwandisa usapho lwabo, ukudala ukuqhubeka kwalo. efanayo ke ndikungxamele nezidubula. amalungu zabo zokuzala, enza umsebenzi yokuzala, neentyatyambo. Eyona ndawo iphambili wentyatyambo - eli gynoecium (kwisingqusho) kunye androecium (istameni) ngayiphi indlela iiseli ngesondo - gametes. Kule iintyatyambo emva uvuvuzelo ukuba neentlobano - yancola of gametes. Ngenxa kwezichumiso kabini lwe Umselu ze isizalo kuphuhliswa eluswini iimbewu kunye uvimba kwezondlo. Oku - sisiqalo ubomi obutsha izizukulwana ezizayo kwiintsapho zezityalo kweentyatyambo.