Emsindweni - nto yethu ezoyikekayo

Emsindweni - waquleka lolwaphulo yomvuzo nabanye abantu kunye ukusetyenziswa kobundlobongela nezisongelo. Ukuthandwa eli gama liye ezifunyenwe ngethuba lwabiwo ekupheleni koo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Racketeers ebizwa isikali imigulukudu ezincinane mthetho, benza "ukhuseleko emsindweni." Bona ngenkani ezibekwe ngeenkonzo zazo zokhuseleko ezahlukeneyo co-operative okanye amashishini amancinci, ngelo xesha kwakukho kakhulu. Iinjongo zezi nkonzo ufumana gang ukusuka umthengisi yinxalenye ingeniso yaloo racketeers esoniwa ekuhlaseleni namanye amaqela ezikhuphisanayo.

gangster romance

Emsindweni engama-90 ibe isibetho weli lizwe, kodwa akazange aqonde zonke eyoyikekayo okwenzekayo. Umfanekiso racketeer ke zigutyungelwe inxaxheba aura of romanticism kunye angesabi, ngabom kwasekwa kwicala ezingqondweni yoluntu. Emigulukudu yakhiwa ikakhulu kweembaleki ethambisayo emkhosini, leyo, ngenxa nakwiinguqulelo uhulumeni walahlekelwa izinto zabo abazithandayo, yaye ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko yaye phambi kwabo elinde ukuba ubukho ngamampunge.

Amaqela kwakhokelela ayedla zangaphambili mthetho. Okwenzeka ababelwa zibiza entshona, baya kuqaliswa kwi yee- kade ingcamango "emsebenzini".

Kutheni oku

Emsindweni - oko mthetho, nokuhlutha ngogonyamelo ezininzi yenzuzo.

Ukususela ekuqalekeni imvume esemthethweni kwamashishini kunye ukuvela kwi noosomashishini zokuqala kwi-USSR i "ishishini" engundoqo ukuba imigulukudu kwaba nokuphamba. Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-nineties zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini zilawula phantse 85% yamashishini, ngaphandle kwabo inxaxheba kwishishini yokhuseleko. Abayi kuwa phantsi "ukhuseleko" emsindweni umbutho kuphela phantsi ukusekelwa ngqo lo mthetho.

Abanikazi wokuqala zange ukufumana nayiphi na inkxaso zomthetho yaye ukuze uphile, kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenzisane kunye nezaphuli. Abarhwebi badla inxaxheba nobudlova bemigewu phezu kwendawo ochaphazelekayo, ukuze ucele uncedo akukho namnye, ekubeni emsindweni - ukuba akukho ngozi kuphela. Inxalenye enkulu abasebenzi lwemizimba zokunyanzeliswa komthetho lwalonakele yaye ikwanxulumene emsindweni. Inqaku le-Criminal Code, apho ishishini wavakaliswa mthethweni, watshitshiswa kuphela ekupheleni kuka-1991.

owenkawu 90

Ukuba kubizwe "isibheno mthetho" kwi emigulukudu ikhawuleze inzala eliyinkunzi kwezakhi yentlalo asezantsi. Abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezikwimeko, apho oomama ukuba ubale zonke idenariyo, kwaye noobawo ngokufuthi kwibhentshi kunxila ongezwa kubo. Xa imizi emikhulu , abazange ukuya ngenxa zokufunda - umdla ngeendlela ezilula ingeniso, angohlwaywa kunye zibhuqe. Kwaba nendlela ukuya 'kwi emsindweni ezihangeni' iye phantse indlela esemthethweni ukuze bafumane imali.

Ukuzinza amalungu ezinjalo gang ezincinane ezindlini eziqeshiweyo abantu abasibhozo ulele phantsi, phezu oomatrasi, wafumana $ 500 umvuzo, yaba imoto esetyenziselwa abantu abahlanu.

Okokuqala, zonke ezi bands unesithuba ngokwaneleyo, kodwa eninzi, kwakuba nzima ukwahlula isixeko zayimimandla yempembelelo. Kwaye ngoko ke ukudubula ...

wesihlangu ukulwa

Nangona inkolelo ethandwayo, ukuba 90 ezihangeni, emsebenzini, nogonyamelo kwaba kuphela ngenxa ihlabathi mthetho, ngoko ngokucacileyo ke ayikwazi ukuba ifunwe.

War wesihlangu yaqala ngo-1993, coinciding kunye kwincopho wezepolitiki phakathi elibusayo Russian. Waza waqala ukungquzulana yokuqala axhobileyo Chechnya, owakhulayo kamva ngonyaka imfazwe yokwenene. Zonke iziganeko yaqala phantse ngexesha elifanayo yaye waqhubeka ngaxeshanye. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke zontathu iziganeko umthombo omnye. Kwaye hayi izaphuli-mthetho, kodwa abo bahlala ngokwamasiko abo, ezahlulile eminye imithetho, nangokodidi ekuhlaleni okhethekileyo ebusa ngoko.

Soze ukwazi inani ngqo amacala abaphangi ngaloo mihla. E Moscow kuphela, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuba kwakukho yoko, malunga namashumi amahlanu ookubulala zaye ingasombululwa, hundredweight bababamba izixhobo, iziqhushumbisi.

Ngowe-1994, kwikomkhulu babulala nani likhulu zabaqeshi lemigulukudu. Kwakungenakwenzeka kule mfazwe ukuze aqonde nganye apho apho utshaba nguye onilwelayo lowo. Kwaye ngoku kuze kube angaziwa ambulele.

Kwi-post-perestroika, emigulukudu abaninzi baye kumisa izakhiwo zokhuseleko yabo ngokusesikweni ngokusemthethweni, kwaye igama elithi 'emsindweni "aphume ukusetyenziswa. Uninzi abasemagunyeni zangaphambili sebeqalile ishishini okanye nezopolitiko.

Lokulwa, amayelenqe, emsindweni - kwakunjalo kwiminyaka edlulileyo iye yaba amaphepha yembali. Lifikile ixesha lokuba izigqibo, ukunqanda uphinda-phindo.