Festival "Oktoberfest" ku Germany: photo kunye nenkcazo

iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi kwihlabathi ekupheleni kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni Oktobha Munich, apho nyaka ngamnye kuza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 ukuya emkhosini "Oktoberfest". Kuba ibhiya umthendeleko, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 athandwa kakhulu phakathi abalandeli othululwayo. "Oktoberfest" eJamani amandla enjalo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kwaye isoloko kudidi kwiNcwadi Guinness umcimbi inkulu ehlabathini isicwangciso enjalo.

iiholide ezimbini - namasiko ezimbini

Imbali ukuphisa eBavaria ixhulumane ngokusondeleyo nentsapho yasebukhosini, lo kanye abusa buthelezi. abameli Wittelsbach wakugqala ilungelo labo ukuqonda kuphela Beers, kodwa benza imveliso yawo. I utshwala lokuqala yasebukhosini yavulwa ngowe-1260 e-Munich, ikomkhulu yaseBavaria, Duke Ludwig kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, bekukho izityalo 70 lokuyila ethululwayo, ephethwe yi indlu yakomkhulu.

Enye ngookumkani (Duke William 4) ngo-1516 sidlule umthetho malunga ekuhlambululeni ukutya, nto leyo de 1906 wayesenza kuphela kumhlaba wohlobo, kodwa kulo eJamani. Ngenxa sengqondo esinzulu ezifana ngayo isiselo yesizwe umqombothi German igqalwa enye intle kwihlabathi.

Bavarians bayawazi kungekuphela nje isithethe kusenziwa utywala, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, nangona kwimbali yabo ixesha xa iwayini balapha ukuba bathabath 'isiselo foamy ngenani yokusebenzisa.

Ngamanye amaxesha umthetho olunye ungatshintsha indawo "ubunzima" kwimbali. Oku kwenzeka xa umthetho yapapashwa iingenelo utywala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, nto leyo yakhokelela ekwandeni kuphela imveliso kodwa ukusetyenziswa. Ukuba phambi kokuba Bavarians mzuzu iwayini kunye ibhiya, ukususela zokwamkelwa ummiselo kutshanje uye waba zibiza kakhulu kangangokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo liye lanyuka ukuya kwezingama-500 kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka ngamnye.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba i "Oktoberfest" eJamani - ayikho lo mbhiyozo beer kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba amaJamani olomeleleyo ngexesha utywala, oluba leNzila.

imbali yayo kwi woonongendi ziimonki - paulantsev ngubani upheke iimfuno zabo. Udumo yebhiya esimnandi wathengisa ngeenxa ngohlangothi, kodwa umthetho wawayalela iimonki ukuba bathengise yiwayini yabo, ukuba sele awasele ngokuba wena phambi yokuHlawula. Kuphela ngo 1780 yaba imvume lokuthengisa le beer. Athotywa kwasekwa isithethe iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kubhiyozela umthendeleko enamandla utywala kwiNtaba Nockherberg eMunich.

Imbali lomkhosi umqombothi

Iholide "Oktoberfest" eJamani busuka emva 1810, xa elizayo Korol Lyudvig 1 isigqibo sokubhiyozela ngokubanzi emtshatweni wakhe Princess Thérèse of Saxony. Ukuze wenze oku, Meadow amakhulu emilambo yamazimba bokuselelwa zabemi kunye neetafile zagutyungelwa Ndakhulela ecaleni kwedolophu yase eMunich. Abantu babethanda iholide kakhulu bagqiba ukuphinda kuyo kunyaka olandelayo, yini na, kwaza umsebenzi nokuphunyezwa kubaphathi-dolophu.

Namhlanje Theresienwiese - indawo enkulu kufuphi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe i-Munich endala. isithethe ibhiya Annual sichithakele kuphela ngexesha izifo ngamajoni, ezinje ngo-1854 no-1873 ngokulandelelanayo ngenxa ikholera.

I Wayibamba njengoko kwixesha lokuqala, ekuqaleni Oktobha, kodwa ukususela ngo-1904 ukuba bafudukela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, nangona isihloko zishiywe zingatshintshanga. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, iqala ngomhla wesithathu ngoMgqibelo ka Septemba kwaye sihlala iintsuku ezili-16.

Umamkeli lomkhosi

Yi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwi emadlelweni Theresa eMunich aye wabumba yesiko indawo apho baqalisa ukuqhuba ngumbhiyozo waminyaka "Oktoberfest". Germany waba yingenelo ukukhuthaza utshwala wohlobo, ngokuba iimveliso abantu babehamba kuphela kulo lonke elo lizwe kodwa evela phesheya. BaseJamani kahle bokuhlala kunye nobuchule, ngoko Bamisa engcotyeni ententeni enkulu, apho, ukongeza iitafile nezitulo zakhiwa amaqonga lokudloba kunye nawebhola iindawo.

Thile emva, zonke zokuzonwabisa zenziwa ngaphandle neentente, njengoko abo banqwenela ukuba ukunandipha ibhiya yasekuhlaleni kunyaka ngamnye kuba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kungenjalo, khangela phantse ngokufanayo emva 1886, xa beqhuba umbane. inkampani abasa benza uyise Einstein, yaye bathi Albert omncinane buqu bulb kwiglasana ebethelelwa kwintente Shottenhammelya utshwala.

Eyokuqala i intente enkulu kubantu-12 000 sasimi ngo-1913, ngelo xesha kwakukho isiganeko engakholelekiyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha zethu kummandla wabeka iintente 14 enesakhono izihlalo-10 000 kunye neentente ezincinane 15 abantu 1000.

hero of the sihlandlo

Nomnikelo iphambili emthendelekweni i agaye yi yazo Munich kaThixo. iimveliso zabo kufuneka athobele imiqathango ngo-1487 (epapashwe yi-Munich umthetho umqombothi ntumbuluko) kunye 1516 (Ndiwise umthetho phezu ekuhlambululeni imveliso), ngoko, ukususela ngoMatshi, kuba utywala holiday Beers ezizodwa.

Ethandwa kakhulu ke ezahlukeneyo yazo njenge- "Augustiner", "Paulaner", "Levenbroy" kunye nabanye. Le umqombothi agaye nangenxa yomthetho endala, ngokutsho apho kumafa yayo abanokubakho galo, imithombo nerhasi, igwele kunye namanzi kuphela. Ziindwendwe Munich, xa u "Oktoberfest" eJamani ungazama isiselo foamy, eba incasa efanayo kunye namandla (5.8 - 6.3%), njengoko emthendelekweni yokuqala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 eyadlulayo.

Kakade ke, kule mihla abawenzayo unamaqhinga kunye nokudala iziselo ziyathengiswa a lot bako, kodwa hayi kwi iholide.

Emkhosini "Oktoberfest" eJamani kwiminyaka inani enxilile yotywala weza phantse 70,000 hectoliters zewayini - ukuya ku-27 000 litres (inokubuyiselwa udliwa ententeni iwayini) kunye champagne - iibhotile 20 000 (kukho kwakhona intente eyahlukileyo ngokuba) . Iindleko avareji ilitha imagi (inginginya), kodwa kuphela bawo bakhonze utywala kwi "Oktoberfest", iindleko 10 €. Ekubeni iintlobo ententeni ngalinye nje 6, ngoko kwiiveki ezi-2 mkhulu womthendeleko, ungafumana ngeenxa zonke intente ngaphandle umonakalo kakhulu impilo yakho kunye wallet.

800 zangasese bayisebenzele iindwendwe umthendeleko, elinabasebenzi ngoogqirha kunye namavolontiya benceda abo bangazange ukubala amandla.

aphathe

Cuisine kazwelonke wohlobo uyinxenye lwetheko umqombothi. Kukho ngokwemveli bakhonza ayi yehagu, ose yenkuku, inyama yehagu ngenqindi, inyama phezu ithambo kunye nentlanzi. dish okukhethekile ose yasendle, nezamaxhamakazi, nebhadi, nelinqa.

Ukudla ukuba udliwa ezintenteni ibhiya kunye ithengwe zikaMyCiTi ezizodwa. A izimuncumuncu ibhiya wenza ukuba odola pretzels futhi omisa. Emkhombeni iintlanzi nokuba ukuthenga intlanzi esomileyo, nangona ayikho okulula zemveli ngenxa utywala kunye amaJamani.

zharilnya chicken yokuqala kudlalwa emthendelekweni wohlobo ngo-1881, yaye namhlanje grills zabo zemenyayut mihla.

umbukiso

Ukususela ku-1887, lo mbhiyozo uqala umngcelele kwabamnini beepropati iintente. Isithethe yaqala xa abawenzayo yokuqala kunye nabanini yokonwabisa kunye wafika Theresienwiese elinomhlathi enkulu.

Ekubeni wagon emihle zinokuhonjiswa itsalwa ngamahashe abane okanye abathandathu eziqhutywa igubu kunye Beers ukuba kubonelelwa ententeni. Bona ilandelwa ngabanini kunye ngabasebenzi utshwala, kwaye konke oku ihamba idlala le orchestra.

Lo mnyhadala uqala i yemveli Ungaze isikhonkwane angene Umphanda ngentsimbi 12 emva kwemini. Eli siko yeNkosi Mayor umzi. Emva kokuba umphanda wokuqala evulekileyo, bonke abanini iintente ungaqala ukuthengisa utywala kunye ezibhotileni.

Uninzi bettors Bavarians ukungcakaza, zingaphi izithonga usodolophu uya kufuna inyathelo ukuvula nemigqomo. Ngoko ke, umphumo uthathwa ukuba ngcolile ngowe-1950, xa senziwa 19 kuqhume, yaye iluncedo - ngo-2006, xa umphanda kwavulwa ngokukrwela kuqala.

Entertainment kunye ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, "Oktoberfest" laseJamani kunye imibono ezimangalisayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1901, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba zomthendeleko kwaye kwamiswa bonisa ilali esenjalo kunye nabemi bayo. Folk ukudanisa, ukutola, bowling kunye roundabouts - yiloo zonke bahlekisa ngaloo minyaka.

Kule mihla, iindwendwe ingqalelo okuvezwa omdala, sele zisebenza kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-80, kwakunye yeqondo eliphezulu. Luxhaphakile phakathi zazo ukukhweliswa iindlela ezibude iyaguquguquka.

Abathanda ukuphakama ulindele inqaba mobile ukuphakama 66 m, apho umtsalane nga va ukuwa ngesantya-79 km / h. Ferris ivili sikuvumela ukuba ubone yonke umthendeleko ukusuka moya yentaka endleleni.

Intakumba Circus, alunywe iiholide kunye 60s zenkulungwane yama-20, zithandwa kakhulu kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana.

Kwakhona, iindwendwe Ungadanisa, ukudubula isaphetha kunye crossbow, okanye athathe inxaxheba awanalo ezininzi. Wonke ngokuhlwa, ngamnye yeentente inikeza zokuzonwabisa umdla: kwelinye - oko iikonsathi, rock and roll, ngamanye - iingoma iintsomi nemidaniso.

nxaxheba lomkhosi

umbukiso yesinxibo - oko isiko. Kuba okokuqala kokuba kwaqhutywa 1835 kwaye kwanikezelwa umtshato yesilivere Ludwig kunye Thérèse of Saxony 1. Komjikelo wokuqala kunokuba abalulamileyo, kodwa ixesha lethu kubo ndazibandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwama-8 000, benxibe iimpahla yesizwe. Umngcelele lwenzeka kwi mthendeleko wokuqala yangeCawa.

Phakathi nxaxheba umthendeleko - urhulumente wohlobo kunye namalungu Munich Council City, abameli ezahlukeneyo iiklabhu lokuzingela nokudubula, orchestra holiday ekhwela. Umngcelele kwenzeka km 7, ngokwesithethe ikhokelwe umntwana.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, loo nto ithathwa nje enkulu ehlabathini phakathi kwezehlo ezifanayo.

ziindwendwe lomkhosi

Ngokutsho manani, malunga nama-70% weendwendwe - it Bavarians kwaye baseJamani, yaye abanye - by abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kule holide simaxhaphetshu kwaye oludlamkileyo uyakwazi ukuva, isiGrike, IsiNgesi, ulwimi Italian Swedish, Norwegian, Russian, Ukrainian kunye nabathandi beer ezininzi ukusuka kwamanye amazwe.

Emthendelekweni, akukho iimeko imilo okanye ukubonisa nayiphi ndlongo, njengoko abantu abaye kufika apha, baye bazenza ikhefu lenene, nto leyo kulindeleke ukuba unyaka. Kukho kusoloko kuhlekwe kunye nesimo lobuhlobo. Ngoko uthi Germany iholide "Oktoberfest".

"Oktoberfest" eMoscow

Isithethe entsha isuka eRashiya. Ngoku kuthiwa "Oktoberfest" kwi-German Embassy. Yokungena kule siganeko yimali, kodwa amatikiti ezithengiswa ngaphandle ngephanyazo. Oku kungenxa umdla enkulu Muscovites kwinkcubeko isiJamani, kodwa ngaphezulu - ibhiya elungileyo neendidi esimnandi wohlobo.

Umzekelo, i "Oktoberfest" (wozakuzo isiJamani) ngo-2016 yayihanjelwe abantu engaphezu kwe-1000. Holide senzeka 16-17 Septemba, yaye ebudeni ngaloo mihla 2 iindwendwe babelindele utywala wohlobo, ukutya, Raffles kunye nezipho. Ngokuba abantwana animators zokusebenza kunye nabazali babo kulindeleke ikhonsati eMunich show band.

Ngoko badlula i "Oktoberfest" kwi-German wommeli eMoscow.