"Formation weSoviet karhulumente" itheyibhile. Formation yombuso eSoviet: ngokufutshane malunga main

Formation yombuso eSoviet, etafileni amanyathelo ezingundoqo eziza aboniswe kweli nqaku yaqala kunye Congress Second. Enkantolo ngexesha ezibalulekileyo. Petrograd ngoko ezandleni abalimi ngabavukeli kunye nabasebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, i Winter Palace, leyo ehleli urhulumente yethutyana, wahlala uncaptured. Olu lwazi yaziwa kwikhondo esikolweni ngokubanzi. Inkqubo yezemfundo "Imbali (Grade 9)" ukuyilwa karhulumente yiSoviet uchazwa abe ngokwaneleyo. Kwaqaqambisa amanqaku aphambili inkqubo ngokulandelelana, oko ayivavanyi isenzeko ngasinye wumbe. Okulandelayo, cinga iimpawu ezazihamba ukuyilwa karhulumente eSoviet. uhlalutyo yabo iya zincediswe nesishwankathelo iziganeko eziphambili.

bomzabalazo

Ngobusuku-24 yaba mvukelo imbali ka-Oktobha 25, 1917. kobunkokheli bakhe lwaqhutywa esuka Smolny Institute. Amajoni, Noomateloshe, bangakwicala kwiBolsheviks, ngaphandle nzima kakhulu ahlala kwizikhundla ezingundoqo esixekweni. October 25 at 2:35 kwiholo Baqala intlanganiso engxamisekileyo kwi Smolny. It uLenin wavakalisa ukuba revolution lwenzeka.

Formation yombuso eSoviet: isishwankathelo isifundo (grade 9)

Injongo kweeklasi: ukuqhelanisa abafundi iimpawu kunye neziphumo zenkqubo.

iinjongo:

1. Ukuphuhlisa izakhono kunye noqeqesho yombhalo, ukuhlalutya ukukwazi kwalo kwenziwe ngokusekelwe Iwawo.
2. Uphuhliso yokuqhakamshelana nabanye abantu ngokuthetha yentsebenziswano ngomlomo.
3. Formation imiba izakhono zoyilo.

Indlela yokufunda: group.

Uhlobo umsebenzi: isifundo ukufunda ulwazi olutsha.

izakhono ezingundoqo safezekiswa ngexesha lo msebenzi:

• Communication.
• INkampani.
• Imisebenzi ye qela.
• Umthamo for kukufakwa mbandela.

Izixhobo: handouts, abamakishi, iphepha, nencwadi, incwadi, imephu "Formation karhulumente eSoviet."

icebo:

1. Yenza amagunya. Ukuphelisa eklasini kunye nokungalingani yesizwe.
2. Union of Socialist-mbuso kunye iiBolsheviks. Okwesithathu Congress of qumrhu.
3. Iimpawu zolawulo entsimini.

Abaphathi Uxwebhu lokuqala

Njengoko wakhuthaza isibheno yeSibini Congress of abalimi, amajoni kunye nabasebenzi. Olu xwebhu yamkelwa-Oktobha 25, 1917-th. Isibheno kwathiwa ukuyilwa karhulumente eSoviet. Ngokufutshane, iphepha waseka urhulumente omtsha kweli lizwe. Kule isibheno siza yaqulunqa indlela eziphambili nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle. Ngokukodwa, wathi:

• World.
• Umnikelo komhlaba abalimi.
• Le ngokwentando yesininzi yomkhosi.
• Ukuqaliswa kolawulo lwabasebenzi phezu imveliso, njalo njalo.

Zonke ezi ngongoma ngemini elandelayo ezazichazwa kwaye yaphunyezwa nemimiselo kuqala ku "Umhlaba" yaye "The World". Enye xwebhu kwasekwa urhulumente kuqala. I-Congress yokubusa okuthethiweyo ukuyilwa yomzimba abasebenzi bethutyana kunye nabalimi ', nto leyo wanikwa igama Council of Commissars yaBantu. iimvumelwano abakhethekileyo umsebenzi ngolawulo lwamacandelo ngamnye ubomi yesizwe. Ukubunjwa ezi imizimba ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo kwakupapashiwe Congress. Formation yombuso eSoviet yaqala kunye nokusekwa Commissariats yaBantu:

• LezaBasebenzi.
• Wokufama.
• imicimbi Military and aselwandle.
• LezoRhwebo noShishino.
• Finance.
• Of Education.
• Foreign Affairs and nabanye.

Isakhiwo central omkhulu

Kwagqitywa uphuhliso ngakumbi karhulumente eSoviet. I-All-Russian Congress ezaziswe umzimba ephakamileyo. Igunya yayo ukusombulula nawuphi na umba onxulumene nolawulo lizwe. Congress wambumba VTsIK (Central Executive Committee). Wayenazo igunya elongamileyo phakathi ngeenkongolo. VTsIK ezenziwa leevoti amaqhekeza iqela. Ingxenye yokuqala amalungu 101. Kwezi, 62 - kwiBolsheviks, 29 - Left SRs, 6 - Menshevik-Internationalists, 3 - wobusoshiyali Ukrainian yaye omnye SR-maximalist. USihlalo weKomiti iye yaba lilitye. Njengoko igunya engundoqo yaba CPC. Kuye iphethwe nguLenin. Ezi nkcukacha koogunyaziwe ezintsha ukudibanisa imisebenzi olawulo kunye mthetho.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka karhulumente Soviet, ulawulo kunye namandla lwabhengezwa i-Congress Second. Waqulunqa imigaqo jikelele zombutho kunye nokuqalisa kwenkqubo entsha yolawulo.

Indima Left SRs

Emva ekuthatheni ngamandla iiBolsheviks bafuna ukwandisa isiseko lwentlalo. Ukuze benze oku, bathi iintetho kunye ekhokela Ekhohlo SRs kwiimeko apho imibutho yabasebenzi iza kufakwa kwi-CPC. Kwintlanganiso ye-Central eKomiti eLawulayo ekuqaleni ngoNovemba, isigqibo ukuhlehla yamkelwa. Xa nokugxininisa kwayo into yokuba amaqela yali kwesivumelwano kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukuqondwa kwe-Congress Second njengomthombo kuphela amandla, inkqubo urhulumente omtsha kwifomu apho libekwe nemimiselo. NgoDisemba, laphela-thethwano, kwaye isiphumo yaba urhulumente womanyano. Umfela ndawonye we Socialist-mbuso benza igalelo elikhulu lokusekwa karhulumente yiSoviet, ngokukodwa kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokuba revolution. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngqo zaphuhliswa zaze zamkelwa isibhengezo amalungelo abantu ezikunika abasebenzi Congress yesiThathu. Olu xwebhu wavakalisa Russian Soviet Republic. I Socialist-mbuso kunye iiBolsheviks ngazwinye abavoti isiphelo imisebenzi yoWiso neqela. Esi sigqibo nya imiqobo olusesikweni, ukucola phantsi ukuyilwa karhulumente eSoviet. Ngokufutshane, nimanyene Social njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo kuvunyelwa ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki lolawulo oluphambili - ukudibanisa abameli babasebenzi kunye namajoni 'neerhuluneli. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeke i-Congress Okwesithathu ngoJanuwari 1918, apho ukwakhiwa entsha ye-Central iKomiti eLawulayo yaye zadalwa. It abangama-129 160 SRs kunye iiBolsheviks. Noko ke, le manyano ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Kungekudala emva kokuba uxolo Brest Schalkwyk, kodwa SRs wayengazifuni. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi ku-Matshi 1917, bayishiya urhulumente. NgoJulayi, imvukelo njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo Social, leyo, Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza livunyelwe. umsantsa Union ibonisa iinkqubo ezikhoyo eluntwini, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukukhula ngezikhondo zamehlo yoluntu. Le inkcaso, Kakade ke, ushiye istampu yayo phezu ukuyilwa karhulumente eSoviet.

izixhobo zokulawula

End of 1917 - ekuqaleni kuka-1918 i-. kuphawulwa ukutshintshwa amagosa karhulumente wangaphambili nabantu abatsha. Wadala commissariats izixhobo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zolawulo. Ekupheleni Oktobha 1917, abasebenzi kunye nabalimi 'wabasebenzi kwasekwa. Ubume bale CPC wazibandakanya Cheka - ikhomishini uwugcinayo ekulweni ngabom kunye counter-revolution. Ekuqaleni Disemba 1917 kwasekwa IBhunga lezoQoqosho. Lo mzimba wayeza ukuseka ulawulo noqoqosho lweli lizwe ngokuthi kudityaniswe Commissariats ezikhoyo kwezoqoqosho. Ukongeza emapoliseni kunye Cheka, izahlulo njengengxenye karhulumente amatsha waselwandle kunye nomkhosi.

Iimpawu lo rhulkumente mtsha

KwiBolsheviks zisekelwe kwimbonakalo kweenkokeli zayo. Emva ekuthatheni amandla, baba ingqalelo ephambili ukuba ndimaphule umatshini omdala karhulumente. KwiBolsheviks babekholelwa ukuba inkqubo yolawulo iphelelwe yaye nako ukusombulula ingxaki yeqondo eliphezulu modernity. Ngelo xesha, ukuba sigqibe amathuba ulondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa elandelayo izinto ezithile oomatshini endala zolawulo. ukungabi nalwazi nolawulo lwabax- imizimba omtsha mababuyekezwe kwezakhono zeziko nomdlandla olululo. Amaphepha kunye kanye nokuma commissariats kukho iyantlukwano olukhulu iindlela ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yezolawulo. Yaba a non-abasisigxina kunye nenani imizimba ezintsha. Ezinye Commissariats esebenza iinyanga 2-3.

Ingakumbi ukusekwa abasemagunyeni bendawo

Kwathi ngendlela enoxolo, kwaye bexhobele kwezithandani Counter-revolution. sikhokelo esemthethweni ukuphelisa amandla abameli kurhulumente wangaphambili eziqulethwe unyango ngasentla, wavakalisa kwi-Congress Second. I-ofisi yesithili kunye nezixeko zephondo, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba urhulumente omtsha elula noko. Oku kungenxa yokuba abasemagunyeni esembindini ukuba zithumele abameli bazo. Ngake xaka kakhulu bekunjalo kulawulo Zemsky. Oku kwaba ngenxa yenani elikhulu nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni.

Councils Local, ngaphandle kokuba uyakwazi ukutshintsha ubume ezidolophini nasemaphandleni, uzama ukusebenzisa kubo ekusombululeni imiba zokusebenza kunye wengingqi embi kakhulu. Sikhokelwa zezi imizimba SRs kunye iiBolsheviks (ukuqhekeza umtshato).

gabalala kolwazi

Ikhosi yoqeqesho okuchazwe ngasentla, othi "Formation karhulumente eSoviet (Grade 9)." Le theyibhile ingezantsi ishwankathela iinkcukacha zembali.

isiphelo

Abasemagunyeni esembindini banakekela kamsinya kangangoko unako ukuba ukusasaza impembelelo yayo entsimini. Kwinyanga yokuqala, iBhunga waba uluhlu olubanzi amagunya. Baxhasa nemikhosi. Ngo-Apreli 1918, waye wamkelwa ummiselo, njengoko apho commissar irhuluneli zaye zadluliselwa izibhedlele, amaziko, iiyunithi, ezitokisini isitokhwe nempahla.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amabhunga zasekuhlaleni musa sibe unxibelelwano rhoqo ne-ofisi engundoqo. Oku kwenza ukuba babe iinkosi ngokupheleleyo kwimiba zabo.