1237. Iindawo e Russia kunye Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe

Imbali Russia osisityebi ezahlukeneyo iziganeko ezaye zabonakala kwi bhuqe eliqaqambileyo yemihla emininzi lamangqina kunye nenzala yabo. Zaguquka kunye enye mathuba ibalulekileyo yaba 1237. Iindawo e eRashiya, nto idume eli thuba elithile, nto yayibalulekile hayi kuphela ubomi labemi, kodwa ngenxa ikhosi jikelele yembali.

Ukudalwa iGolden mkhosi

1237 kwaphawula ukuqala kokoyiswa Russia yi the Mongols. Elishumi yokuqala kwinkulungwane XIII yabalasela nokudalwa anayo Golden - bengatshatanga, olu sapho lwaluquka kanye saa kwaye baphila ubomi babo zizizwe zalapho ye emaqeleni Mongolian. Abanye babo wayenxibe igama yobuhlanga "AmaTatar". Kubahlali of Russia oko kwakuthetha naziphi iintlanga ukuba wenza i abemi Golden mkhosi.

Great Khan kunye umphathi karhulumente lazisiwe ukuba warlord Mongolian Temujin (ngo-1206), wamkela isihloko Genghis Khan.

Ngenzondelelo esandleni ukuba wayekwazi ukwenza umkhosi omkhulu, olwaqala imfazwe loloyiso, siphazamise inkululeko nemimandla ezikufutshane kunye namazwe. Mna ke kungekho ngaphandle, naseRashiya. ngenkulungwane ye-13 yaba 'abamnyama' ngenxa yakhe.

imikhosi ngokoyisa Genghis Khan kube ngumphumo zizizwe zalapho labalusi khangela amadlelo amatsha. Phambi kokuba Mongol-AmaTatar weza eRashiya, zaza zafakwa kwintsimi Central Asia. Umkhosi karhulumente ntsha ukongeza imali esetyenziswa ngamaqhinga abo bafumana nezoyikiso nangokwasengqondweni kotshaba; abemi kwamazwe ezoyiswa ufekethe watshabalalisa yamagorha Genghis Khan kunye namahlakani akhe.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngo 1237?

Komdlalo wabo wokuqala enkulu Russian kwaye umkhosi Genghis Khan kwenzeka ngo-1223 kwi emlanjeni Kalka.

ukwahlukana wobukhosi, ukuvela phakathi abathetheli kunye nokungabikho umntu owayeza singamanyana ngobuchule nokulawula labemi belizwe, iye yakhokelela ekubeni idabi kulahlekileyo. amaxesha anomngcipheko beze eRashiya. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 kulo-inki anegazi kwimbali yale karhulumente.

Mongol-AmaTatar akazange ayeke apho yaye waqhubeka afudukele eYurophu. Umkhosi ekhokelwa inkokheli abanetalente kunye nomzukulwana Genghis Khan - Batu. Ophawulwe ngo 1237? Iindawo e eRashiya, aqhubeke uthotho umva ukoyiswa Russian, yaba negalelo ukuba kuhambo olude owoyisayo amajoni.

Winter kulo nyaka waqala kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-Golden anayo kwi Ryazan ukubusa. Kronike bathi ukuba singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko iintsuku ezi-5 okanye 6 wenziwe. Abahlali wazama ukuba sime, kodwa umahluko kwenani labantu kunye ukukwazi ukulwa sasisikhulu kakhulu. Ukongeza, Ryazan wabiza uncedo Prince Vladimir Enkulu, owathi, Noko ke, abazange bophula kubamelwane babo. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukutshatyalaliswa Ryazan, kunye nezinye ke izixeko North-East and South-West of Russia.

Ngomhla lokuwa Ryazan isixelela "tale of kokutshatyalaliswa ryazan", omnye ogama ngabo aba Yevpaty Kolovrat, edume ngokuba nesibindi uze ulwe kuwo umoya wokugqibela nxamnye bahlaseli. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa isixeko wahlanganisa Yevpaty of amaxhoba kwakunye bawasukela i Mongols. Edabini, wabeka oluninzi lamajoni, kodwa ekugqibeleni wafa ukulizukisa igama lakhe, kunye nesibindi Ryazan.

Ukuqhubeka kwephulo Mongol

Emva eMoscow Ryazan, uVladimir sithinjiwe. Ekubeni bahlula emazweni laseRashiya kumntla-mpuma, i Mongols wabuyela ekhaya ukuze aphumle aze afumane amandla. Kodwa sele ngo-1239 baza babuyela ukuthatha phezu zantsi eRashiya. Kulo nyaka yawa Pereyaslavl kunye Chernigov ulawulo, kwaye ngo-1240 - Kyïv.

Ezi nzuzo kwi minyaka elide 240 esekwe eRashiya i Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe, phantsi kwedyokhwe abantu ababandezelekileyo bonke.

1237. Iindawo e Russia: iziphumo

Ukuhlaselwa AmaTatar yaba sisizathu sokuba ilizwe Russian kude emva kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko amazwe aseYurophu. Wanyamalala yezandla ezininzi, apho abemi wenza ababephila ngaphambi kokufika boyisa. Blood 1237, isiganeko eRashiya leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni licuthe okuphawulekayo somxholo-nkqubo yayo angaphandle, kukhokelele ekuncitshisweni yabafowunelwa izilawuli of Russia kunye namanye amazwe. Ke zonke izinto oziqhagamsheleyo zangaphandle ziye ingqalelo kuphela kwi-Golden mkhosi. Ukongeza, abemi weRashiya kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule irhafu boyisa ukuze ahlawule behlasela iyingozi kunye nokubulala abangcangcazelisi abahlali.

Ezoyikekayo kunye emibi oozilawuli Rus kunye abemi yabo kwisithuba seminyaka 1237-1240. Iindawo ku Russia (eloyisile Mongol-AmaTatar) kuye kwakhokelela ekuncipheni kwe umoya labemi, ukuya irhafu umva-ngokungekho mthethweni kunye danyam ukuba wazama lokungxengxeza Mongol-AmaTatar, ukusekwa amandla ixesha elide kanye ephila, yaye kamva waba abantu abaninzi silwe nenamandla.