Garry Kasparov, umdlali chess: engobomi, iifoto, ubuzwe

Ubomi chess misebenzi odumileyo Garry Kasparov kuba njengokuba nabo bahlukahlukene engqondweni yakhe brilliant kwanabacazululi. uloyiso Ndibuhlungu kwilizwe wechess, ngokuphambuka luthi kwincopho udumo, imisebenzi ngoncwadi ezopolitiko - yinxalenye encinane kuphela ye eziyimpumelelo nguGrandmaster enkulu. Eneneni, abameli enkulu yabantu zizinto ezininzi kwaye abanetalente ezintweni zonke.

ebuntwaneni

April 13, 1963 Baku yabhengeza usana ikhala intshatsheli olulandelayo chess. Bazali, Vaynshteyn Kim Moiseevich kunye Kasparyan Klara Shagenovna, bavuya kakhulu. Omabini babengamadoda amakhono zobunjineli, kodwa wayethanda ukuba lo gama kude chess lokudlala ngokuhlwa.

Little Garik Kasparov (umdlali chess kwixesha elizayo) ukususela besebancinane wabonisa yezobuntlola ivamile hlasi yonke kubhabho. UNatalie bonke encane ukwazi ebukele amadabi ichess oomama kunye oyise, omnandi ngathi imfunxa, zonke iintlobo amaqhinga kunye nezisombululo. Ngenye imini, kakhulu kungalindelekanga, eneminyaka engama-5, wacebisa indlela yokuphuma ingxaki chess, apho abazali kwavuka phantsi. Kweli nqanaba, Kim Moiseevich wabona unyana wakhe iqhawe elizayo.

Ngowe-1970, emva kokufa kukayise, a wechess fan encinane iqala ukuya kwicandelo basekuhlaleni Palace of Yobuvangeli. Kunyaka wokuqala woqeqesho wafumana udidi lwesithathu, kwaye kuvula indlela ukhuphiswano ngamazwe.

Ukususela ngoko iqala rhoqo ukuhamba. Kasparov (player chess), ubuzwe izalwa engumYuda, ngelo xesha babume igama sonorous Weinstein. nonina babengazi ukuba kwakuza kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba ukuphumelela kwimisebenzi chess. Kwaye ngo 1974 kukho utshintsho egameni Kasparov. Ngoku Garik lixhole Armenian. Ngoku lo sengqondo zisenokubonakala engaqhelekanga, kodwa ke ngelo xesha ukuba isigqibo kuphela ekunene. intshutshiso Anti-Semitic akunakwenzeka ukuba ungumYuda ukuwina ukuphumelela udumo kwimidlalo chess.

Uloyiso wokuqala umdlali chess entsha

Qala umsebenzi umdlali chess oselula pretty lula. Impumelelo wahamba umntwana abanetalente. Ngowe-1973 e Vilnius kwi All-Union Imidlalo Youth Kasparov umdlali chess ifumana mentor emntwini inkosi kwezemidlalo Aleksandra Nikitina. Leyiswa ilizwe italente entsha, Nikitin umnika isincomo sokwamkelwa esikolweni olunzulu Ukufunda wechess art ekuqaleni uMikhail Botvinnik. Ngaphandle ukucinga kabini, kulo nyaka, Garik nomama wakhe wathumela Dubna, apho kungekho naziphi na iingxaki ukufika kuqeqesho. Emva kwexeshana uthi Botvinnik umfana aze amthabathe phantsi iphiko yakhe, unike zonke inkxaso kunokwenzeka.

Emva konyaka Kasparov - player chess ngonobumba omkhulu - okokuqala uba ngaba iqela kwitumente obutsha USSR. Eli xesha, nguye indawo 7 kuphela ngaphezu enthralls ebukele, kuba yobudala kwezinye nxaxheba iminyaka ezi-6 ubudala kancinane phambi wechess. Kunyaka olandelayo, yaphosa umntwana ubuyela letonamenti kwaye iwina loyiso ukudilika. Kweli nqanaba, lo italente entsha ukuba baphawule izangqa ngaphezulu umdlalo wechess, yaye ukususela ngoko ke ukunciphisa ukondela, ebukele impumelelo Garik oselula.

Sele kwiminyaka eli-15, wamkela inkosi kwezemidlalo kwi umdlalo wechess, umntwana okuqaqambileyo inxaxheba ekukhethweni kwe ilizwe ukuze amaqela amakhulu. Kwakhona iyandoyisa. Ngowe-1980 e Baku kwi umdlali chess itumente elandelayo Garry Kasparov ufumana isihloko GM, ekoyiseni Igorya Zaytseva - umqeqeshi we umdlali yakhe elizayo Anatoly Karpov.

Real ezimbini "K" ngenxa isihloko "World Champion"

Ngowe-1984, Kasparov (umdlali chess) zingqubane nomsinga intshatsheli chess ihlabathi Anatoliem Karpovym. Yilwa kwaye banqwenela ukuba ezona zombini zidla zila kangangeminyaka eli-10. Lonke eli xesha, nehlabathi wayebukele idabi zimbini abadlali kakhulu.

I kokuphelelwa lokuqala buqala ekwindla ka-1984. Waba yintoni ingqalelo umdlalo lihlabathi lonke. Le zokucwangcisa ixesha umda a final kufuneka 6 winile enye nxaxheba. Zobunewu Party, ukungakhululeki emangalisayo akadinwa ukuba bakhululeke nabani. Quest iye yalibaziseka iintsuku 159 kwaye kuthabatha ixesha elide, kodwa umongameli we-International Itshesi Federation ugqiba ukuba ukuphazamisa wechess idabi. Umphumo uba draw kwaye isihloko, ngokutsho imigaqo, yi Karpov. Loo zokucwangcisa epochal phakathi amabini abadlali iqukiwe kwimbali chess njengoko owokuqala kuphela gqitywanga chess idabi.

Kasparov and Karpov ahlangane kwakhona kwidabi, emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Eli xesha ekulweni kuphela amaqela 24. Novemba 9 xa isikolo eso 13:11 Garry Kasparov - master chess, ogama engobomi kubanga umdla abalandeli bayo - iwina uloyiso obungasifanelanga waza waba indoda efuna undikho omncinane ihlabathi. Ngelo xesha, yena engama-22 kuphela ubudala.

Kwiminyaka eli10 ezayo, ezimbini umdlali wechess qwa zijonge omnye ukulwa ezintathu. Kodwa ngamnye kubo iphela ngumnqobi Kasparov.

impilo iqhawe

Zakufika kwisihloko intshatsheli kwehlabathi umdlalo wechess, Kasparov iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqinisekiswa nangokuvulelekileyo yaso eyodwa. Iyandoyisa lemidlalo, ukuwina abadlali ezikrelekrele.

Kwangaxeshanye, Kasparov waye wakhetha yokuvulwa kwe-Professional Itshesi Organization (PCA), eli liyithweleyo isixa esithile yematshisi kunye lemidlalo.

Ngowe-1993, ubungqondi wechess ephuma fide (International Itshesi Organisation) kwaye phantse evinjwa zonke izibizo, izihloko kunye neendawo kuluhlu lwabadlali ehlabathini. Kodwa abanye kwexesha kamva, ubulungisa loyise, kwaye isihloko ambuyisele umniniyo efanelekileyo.

Ngeli xesha, Garri Kimovich bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Ivula esikolweni iitalente abaselula, ngeendlela zonke ixhasa uphuhliso wechess kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Photo-Kasparov chess bafunda kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Real kwabantu-khompyutha

Ngo-1996, i-bemeko- ubuchwepheshe computer umngeni indoda efuna undikho, yaye akazange alibazise ukuyamkela. Ngokusekelwe ukwazi kunye nenzala, umdlali qwa iza ukuba uhlaselwa kunye umatshini. Umlenze lokuqala ushiya uloyiso indoda, nangona Kasparov ulahlekelwa umdlalo enye. Kwaye ngoMeyi 1997, ngethuba lomdlalo yesibini wamoyisa Kasparov kunye eliphumelela umdlalo iba computer.

Emva kokulahlekelwa amaxesha 2 GM ongenela edabini chess kunye umatshini. Zombini amaxesha, umphumo uba draw.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, umdla Kasparov ubuchwepheshe bee-computer ungacimi, yaye egameni nokukhululwa iinkqubo eziliqela chess umdla.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Nangona umsebenzi omkhulu kuphuhliso career kwezemidlalo, uqeqesho rhoqo, iipatroli, Kasparov nkqubo ngamageza iqulethe.

Emva ngokukhanywa inyathelo in Baku ngowe-1990, indoda efuna undikho wafudukela nentsapho yakhe eMoscow kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi bezopolotiko belizwe. Umdlali chess bakhetha ngokuqaliswa lwentando yesininzi yaye wenza ukukhuthaza i-Democratic Party.

Okwangoku, umsebenzi kwezopolitiko zomdlali chess edumileyo iqhuba kakuhle ngokupheleleyo. Ilungu yomkhankaso wokhetho, lomzabalazo ekudalweni beqela - umdlali chess okuqaqambileyo sele Andiqondi ukuba ndingaphila ngaphandle nkqubo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo nolusasebenzayo nangoku idemokhrasi.

Ulondolozo career kwezemidlalo

Autumn 2000 uba othile sisiganeko kubomi nguGrandmaster.
Phakathi itumente elilandelayo ukuchonga yinkokeli umdlalo yamandulo, Vladimir Kramnik yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaye ogqiba umdlali omkhulu chess. Kasparov liyayeka ukuba yintshatsheli ihlabathi, kodwa ngokusesikweni kuphela.

Emva kokulahlekelwa Garri Kimovich, ukuba ubuntu multi-amaninzi, kungekhona ngokwenene buhlungu kwaye eminye iminyaka emi-5 iyaqhubeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiitumente ichess ezahlukeneyo kunye yobuntshatsheli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufumana uloyiso ezininzi.

Kwaye on March 10 2005 ngequbuliso kunyaka isaziso izicwangciso ukuze ndiwugqibe umsebenzi wakhe umdlali chess. Ukususela ngoko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo umsebenzi wakhe uba umgaqo-nkqubo apho Kasparov singena lingxamiseke ke.

imisebenzi zoncwadi

Ekuqaleni intshukumo kwi chess Olympus Kasparov wabhala amanqaku ngokufuthi, apapashwa kwiimpapasho ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza uye ebhalwe iincwadi eziliqela imidlalo zolawulo ichess kunye ukuphela kwabo.

Ngowe-1987 wapapasha, le ncwadi-kwibali, "Mntwana Change". Le ncwadi ishicilelwe ngo IsiNgesi, kwaye ayibhalwa ngesandla sakhe, kunye ndamgqibela intatheli yasekuhlaleni. Ekuthe Kasparov wakhupha iincwadi eziliqela, nikela umdlalo wabo othandekayo yamandulo.

impilo Personal

ubomi wentliziyo of a abadlali wechess indumasi bahlukahlukene indlela yomsebenzi ehlabathini ngaphandle.

Ngowe-1986, i-noqheleneyo Mariey Arapovoy. Young kunye nothando angene umfelandawonye ngokusesikweni kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yaye emva kwenye ezintathu le ntsapho kwakhona. Wazala intombi emangalisayo - uPauline. Kodwa iingxaki zemihla ngemihla, umfazi othandekayo lweemfazwe kungekho nonina ngaphantsi dear kukhokelela ekuweni entsatsheni, yaye ngowe-1993 esi sibini ukwenza lo mtshato. Emva kwexesha elithile, i-ex-umfazi kunye nentombi Polina ashiye ilizwe yaye kungoku nje bahlala eUnited States.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, umdlali chess Garry Kasparov, ogama engobomi uchazwe nqaku, uqala ukuba nemizwa umfundi oselula, kwaye siqukumbela umtshato esesikweni. Kasparov kwakuzalwa unyana. Kodwa umtshato akazange onwabe kunye iziphelo kulo mtshato ngo-2005. Kasparov ngoko utshata peterburzhenke Dare Tarasovoy. Utshatile wazalelwa oonyana ababini - nonyana Nicholas kunye nentombi Aida.

Okwangoku, igama umdlali chess Kasparov waziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Garri Kimovich i inkosi elihle kakhulu chess art, wehla kwimbali. Won ichess ezininzi Oscars kunye yokuphumelela. Indoda kunye engagungqiyo inyameko ezendeleyo ubuqhaji bakhe, iyazikhusela iimbono zakhe ehlabathini. Man, uza emva kokuphela ebomini Masithethe leyo uqambe amavo.