Gemma ne-olunzulu mfanekiso: intaglio okanye eye-?

Gemma - ngumzekelo a nangokukrola elincinane phezu kwamatye imibala kunye GEMS - glyptic. kuye kwabonakala Olu hlobo art kumaxesha amandulo. Ngenxa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, rarities abaninzi baye beza kuthi ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo. Gemma kunye nomfanekiso phambili ebizwa ngokuba "intaglio", kunye khaxa - "eye-".

Images ukuba bathezi zilandelayo kwi amatye inokuba nomahluko kakhulu. Uninzi abo imifanekiso yamanani amadoda kunye nabafazi, izilwanyana, iintaka, amabali imfazwe okanye Imizobo yimizekeliso.

Owayemdala zeesampulu wabonakala eYiputa eMesopotamiya. Le gem kakhulu yamandulo kunye nomfanekiso phambili busuka emva IV kwiwaka. BC. e. cameos kuqala wavela ekupheleni ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane IV-III. BC. e. Amaninzi, bahlabeka ukuya multi-sixhobo sekhombuya sardonyx neagati okanye apho imivumbo omhlophe nomdaka enye ukuba iinkosi ezisetyenziswa ngobuchule umsebenzi wabo. ipateni iridescence okulungiselelweyo kwakukhona intaglios cameos eYiputa.

Ekuqaleni GEMS zazisetyenziswa njengamakhubalo okanye izivatho. Ngokuthe ngcembe baqala ukumela abanini ilogo. EYiputa eMesopotamiya gem kunye nomfanekiso phambili sasetyenziswa endaweni bokushicilela, nto leyo kuphela isicelo iphepha. Yena ofakwe umnyango yokuhlala ezifubeni estate, zifakwe zewayini, ekubeni nezitshixo kunye nezitshixo ayaziwa. AmaGrike namaRoma isicelo amaxwebhu GEMS kuphela. Yaye ikhowudi umthetho Solon kaThixo yaba uvalwe bemifanekiso ashiye Fossilisation ezenziwe izitampu, ngoko ke akukho zomgunyathi.

Gems - imisebenzi ezintle yobugcisa, baye awagcina ulwazi malunga inkcubeko yehlabathi lamandulo. ukuba kuvame iikopi lwemizobo abaziwayo eqingqiweyo, uninzi lwazo asifikeleli thina. Ukuqonda kubo kubona intaglios kuphela cameos. On ubuncwane yamandulo ebonisa oothixo-abathengi, iimbaleki, abadlali, izigcawu kuzingela, imfazwe kunye noxolo, eni amanani zikarhulumente, amagcisa kunye nababhali.

Intaglio iye sasingumba zokuqokelela sele ehlabathini mandulo. Eye- nziwe, oko kukuthi gem kunye umfanekiso khaxa njengento item zodidi. Njengomgaqo, kwaba izacholo yabafazi: bezisa izacholo, namacici, nemisesane, ziye zaqokelelwa yonke yomqala. Ngokuthe ngcembe ngcono seHTML buciko. ubuncwane abaninzi eziqwini ngokwenene. Oku sixhaphake kakhulu kwinkulungwane yokugqibela wamaRoma, xa unqulo wobuhedeni indawo yi ubuKristu.

Kwi-East, kakhulu, GEMS lwesayensi, badlala indima enkulu ebomini yoluntu. Ngo-Iran, i Shah, esithi inkundla yasemkhosini,-ofisi yoluntu okanye sababingeleli, kuso wamnika igunya: ibhanti, umnqwazi kunye ebengumsesane, wokutywina, leyo ngokuyimfuneko labhalwayo amaxwebhu zoshishino, imiyalelo kunye neeleta.

mbali Persian Arabhu ngokufuthi ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ezi kumakhonkco. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso gem-depth anganawo amagunya athile angaqondakaliyo yaye uyakwazi ukutshintsha ikamva. Kakhulu uphawu esibi ukwaphula okanye nje umonakalo ilitye.

Phakathi Ages Glyptics nqabile, i ngakumbi bahambela phambili kwixesha Renaissance, kwaqhubeka de phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX. Kodwa namhlanje gem khaxa zingasetyenziswa njenge busisihombo ebukekayo njengebhinqa.