Oyile kunye nemithelela yayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi

Ibinzana elithi "ioli" kudala ngokuqinileyo Lexicon yehlabathi kwaye ubukhulu becala laba uphawu kwiilwimi zesiNtu. Namhlanje, le mveliso ingaphakathi komhlaba, kunye neqabane lakhe endala - igesi yendalo, usekelwe phantse kuso zamandla yehlabathi.

Ubungqongqo ingxaki kwaye kudibanisa ukuba oovimba beli izinto ezizodwa ezinokutsha ekungenakufumaneka ezinye endaweni yazo. Unobangela ngeemfazwe ezininzi zangaphambili kunye khulu kanye ukuveliswa yeoli, nto leyo maxa wambi ukhuphiswano onzima le kumzabalazo yezoqoqosho ikhula ibe ukungqubana axhobileyo isikali ezahlukeneyo kunye ngamandla.

Yonke enye into, kule minyaka yokugqibela ezimbini inkanuko esongezwa abahlalutyi abaninzi abadumileyo oyikisayo kwihlabathi oluntu Ingxelo ongemhle ukuba oovimba ioli phezu umhlaba ngokwaneleyo ukuba ubukhulu iminyaka mahlanu. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, namhlanje imveliso oyile hlabathi phantse elilingana ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Kunye noninzi lwezinto le mveliso akuxhomekekanga overvalued wacinga ndidiniwe.

Ngoko ke yintoni i "ithambo abaxabana"? Neoli, ngokwemiqathango chemistry, ezingamanzi zendalo olunamafutha eziquka hydrocarbon ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo isakhiwo eziphilayo, ukusuka apho, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, kuxhomekeka kwibakala "ioli" kunye nomgangatho imveliso. iimolekyuli Oil yolulwe, branched, elifutshane, ivalwe ikhonkco okanye multi-ring carbon atom chain.

Ngaphandle carbon, namafutha iqulethe ioksijini, isalfure nitrogen. Noko ke, yona ibe ncinci kakhulu. Xa zizonke, inxalenye yeoli ungaba kuze kumawakawaka amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Esi ezintsonkothileyo kubume zabo zexabiso ukuze imveliso loshishino lwamandla oluhlala kuzo kwezakhi misindo ebizwa okugcina amanzi.

Best abaqokeleli amadama ezikhethekileyo zendalo, ngokobuninzi yelitye lentlabathi afakwe kwiqokobhe elulwalweni engenakungenwa (iintlobo ngeentlobo clays kunye shales) ethintela ukuvuza kwezi lemveliso evela kule yokugcina oyile yendalo. Ngako oko, phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo ukuba kakhulu lula ioli.

Ngenxa tu emangalisayo amandla transportability eliphezulu kakhulu, esi sipho ingaphakathi komhlaba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uthathe isigqibo ekhokelayo imboni yezamandla. Ngophuhliso lwamacandelo inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe oyile wazuza isicelo liphela phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu.

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba iindleko zamafutha usezantsi kakhulu, umzekelo, ngamalahle. Kodwa ixabiso lalo lamandla ombane ngaloo uhlasela ngaphezulu. Esinzima kwi iplanethi yethu ukufumana imveliso eya kudlala indima enkulu kuphuhliso lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu njenge "igolide abamnyama".

Technology yamafutha uxhomekeke ngqo kwi iimpawu zejoloji yedipozithi kunye neemeko zomntu ngamnye lwemveliso zokulala. Isiqalo sophuhliso yasendle usoloko olwandulela ukuhlola kunye novavanyo uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kwimveliso ye-oyile. Okwangoku, imveliso oyile lwenziwa yi ngasemthonjeni, zokutyubhisha, gazliftovym, kwakunye indlela yokubumba hydrodynamic kunye nabanye abaninzi.