George Zhzhenov: engobomi, ubomi lobuqu, usapho, nomfazi, nabantwana

Abaninzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle weqonga omkhulu Russian Georgiy Zhzhenov. Yomlando, intsapho yakhe, wadala izihlandlo ezine ebomini bakhe elide, la umxholo inqaku langoku. Zhzhenov wawa ukunyamezela ezininzi ubunzima, kodwa ke, babathwalela ngokubekeka nangesidima.

Imvelaphi kunye nabazali

Kuyo George Zhzhenov? ngobomi bakhe yaqala ngo Petrograd ngo-1915 kwintsapho yezandla-zonka. unina kaGeorge, Maria Feodorovna uyise Stepan Filippovich utshatile, xa umhlolo noyise neentombi ezintlanu. Ndaya ndawo yakubo saseTver, wakhangela emva kokuba umfazi wakhe wathabatha intombi, eSt Petersburg, ukuze bafundise abantwana uzale entsha ekhoyo eziya kongeza abantu kangangoko ezintandathu. uyise Ukukhulisa abantwana akukho ngokukodwa awukhathazeki yaba abahlobo kunye "inyoka green". Lonke usapho elikhulu Zhzhenova ngexesha yeHlabathi yokuQala kunye War Civil, umonakalo post-imfazwe kunye neminyaka wokuqala wokugcina amandla Soviet, banduluka emqolo ngumama, umfazi elula Russian, leyo ngokwayo Georgiy Zhzhenov wakhumbula ufudumale olukhulu ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe elide.

Adolescence kunye isiqalo sokubambela career

Kodwa nangona zonke iingxaki behlala, abantwana abadala wakhula, waya ukuze baphile ubomi elizimeleyo. umzalwana Elder uGeorge Boris, naye wayenobubele kakhulu, kwi-30 yokuqala wangena kule yunivesithi, kwaye, ukuba abafana enamandla kakhulu kwaye kwezemidlalo, emva kokuba yesikolo kunyaka esibhozo-ngo-1930 ababhalise esikolweni iintlobo-esekisini kwisebe acrobatic. Emva konyaka wabonakala isekisi zolinganiso George Zhzhenov, engobomi eziqale kwibala le iLeningrad isekisi acrobatic duet "2-Georges-2." Partner zomsebenzi bakhe omnye afunda nabo, nobizo wakhe, kungoko ke igama duo.

George Zhzhenov, ogama Ibhayografi kamva wenza eninzi amagophe ezibukhali, soloko ngombulelo wakhumbula imvelaphi yakhe isekisi. Kude ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe, wahlala imilo kakhulu somzimba (ngenxa nje yokuba mhlawumbi wasinda Kolyma), kwaye nkqu phezu iminyaka elishumi wesibhozo enza ngolwaa.

Ukufika kwalo cinema

Kwaba kwi isekisi yenziwe "movie abantu 'yayo Lenfilm kwaye bayamenywa ukuba indima enkulu kwi" Imposiso iqhawe "film (1932). Lowo ushiya isekisi angena Leningrad Technical School of Arts Performing ekhosini, nto leyo eyakhokelela kamva odumileyo eSoviet umlawuli bhanya Sergei Gerasimov. Ngaxeshanye, siyaqhubeka ukwenza iifilimu. PIU phambi kokubanjwa kwakhe ngo-1938, kakade iifilimu ezintlanu, kuquka kinohit eSoviet super ezithandwayo "Chapaev", eyadlala enocwangco Zhzhenov uMkomishinala Furmanova Tereshka.

Ndingathini na ke mna ndahlala George Zhzhenov? ngobomi bakhe ebomini ekuqaleni kwaba ngathi izigidi zezinye iibhayografi kubafana Soviet. Kubonakala ngathi kwixesha elizayo kunedinga enkulu kuye. Noko ke, umdlali amadodana zonke izizathu oyikele Isiphelo sakhe, kunye noloyiko zakhe kuqinisekiswa kwakamsinya.

Ngemvelaphi ye-Drama of ubomi Georgiya Zhzhenova

NgoDisemba 1934 eLeningrad, uhlaselwe intloko lombutho wengingqi ndawonye, enyanisweni umntu wesibini kweli lizwe emva Stalin kunye okhuphisana yakhe (ubuncinane, njengokuba abaninzi koko wacinga) Sergei laseKirov. Oku kubulala isizathu Stalin kunye neqembu yakhe ekuqaleni ekuthiwa-Terror Great kweli lizwe. Bona abekwe abaninzi ababekade neenkokheli abadumileyo iqela kunye karhulumente. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, phakathi amaxhoba kwezenzo zolwaphulo lwemizimba ingcinezelo kuStalin ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo abaninzi abangazange nanto yakwenza nezopolitiko. Ngoko ke, phakathi kwabo kwakukho umfundi iLeningrad University Boris Zhzhenov. Ibali, nto leyo eyenzeka kuye olwahlula ngokucacileyo kakhulu emoyeni babesaba kunye engathembi jikelele, leyo uluntu eSoviet kwisiqingatha sesibini banesifo.

Isibakala sokuba abafundi LSU linyanzelekile ukuba Kwathi kwizitrato iLeningrad emngcwabeni. Boris kwakhona wacela kunobhala Komsomol lombutho kwekhosi ukuze amkhulule oluphuma kwesi senzo ngenxa nje yokuba akazange abe yezihlangu eqhelekileyo ukumelana iiyure ezininzi ukuma nokuhamba kwindawo ebandayo (kwi-University, oko kubonisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwi izihlangu zakhe eyaphukileyo ngokupheleleyo). Esi sicelo kutolikwa nje sisibonakaliso nokungafuni imbeko kwisikhumbuzo inkokeli pogibschego, kwakunye ngoko sengqondo esinjalo malunga ngamandla eSoviet ngokwayo. Kunyaka olandelayo Boris wabanjwa waza wagwetywa ukuba kuthunyelwa eVorkuta kwinkampu, yaye le ntsapho iyonke eBha- ukusuka eLeningrad Zhzhenova. George wema ngenxa yakhe "bhanya" druzya- ngokukodwa ke Sergei Gerasimov. Yena waqala nje xa ukudubula ifilimu "Komsomolsk", eyathi ababandakanyekayo kwaye Georgiy Zhzhenov. Biography of yokugqibela njengomntu simahla ukwandisa eminye iminyaka emibini, kodwa imizimba ingcinezelo babefuna nje izaba ukunikela isigxina sakhe esitsha.

I ukubanjwa lokuqala

Ngehlobo lowe-1938 iqela leenkwenkwezi bhanya, leyo kunye esivuthayo, ehamba ngololiwe ukuze batole Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Iqabane lwabo US laso, isendleleni yayo Vladivostok. Kuye kwakho rhoqo kwindlela ukudibana phakathi kwamaqabane (emva kokuhamba iintsuku eziliqela). Kodwa ngenxa yokuba zonke oonozakuzaku angaphandle kwi-USSR, lo gama rhoqo, ngoko phezu kwetafile kubeka ingxelo izixhobo engundoqo ye-NKVD Moscow, apho bonke abahamba ukunxibelelana abadlali ezingeyonzalelwane kuluhlu. Ekubeni Zhzhenov ngelo xesha sele wayesisalamane i enetyala "utshaba zabantu", ukuba umviwa ilungileyo izigxina zaseMelika nxamnye eSoviet Union. Kungekudala, wabanjwa eLeningrad endlini yakhe, apho wayehlala nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, Eugenia, lowo ofunda sakhe College for Stage Arts.

Emva kweminyaka emibini enesiqingatha emnqamlezweni

Ngeli xesha uphando Zhzhenov wegqitha zonke izangqa zelabafileyo zamagumbi endawo sentuthumbo Stalin kaThixo. Kuyenzeka kuye zonke izinto ngoku ezaziwa ukusuka memoirs yezinye ukholo abapase ngendlela efanayo ngokubanzi. imibuzo Endless "kunye ucalucalulo", ukubethwa, ukulala nasekusweleni, xa umtyholwa wazibeka phezu yokuthutha ekuthiwa bokuphanda, eziquka gqolo ithatha ngeveki (okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa kusinda) lo ngemibuzo emininzi, ezilandelelanayo, abaphandi. Ngokutsho memoirs ka Zhzhenova xa andabikho zingqondweni, wawa phantsi, iinwele yomphandi wamphakamisa ngeenyawo zakhe, kunye ngemibuzo yaqhubeka.

Abaninzi nako ukuma, zisayinwe ukumangalela ezitenxileyo, ngokumisa abanye abantu, okt. E. Ngaba kanye oko kwakufuneka wabasiki Stalin ukuba ukuthethelela izenzo zabo. Ibanjwa Zhzhenova abeye ukujongana nesazela esinjalo, awaba nako ukumelana bako yaye kamva uyazibulala (wavula umthambo phantsi kwengubo).

Kodwa Zhzhenov George, ogama engobomi alikafiki ixesha liya kuzaliswa iimvavanyo ezinjalo, wegqitha yonke ukuxhatshazwa nokuthuthunjiswa, akazange avume izigxina zaseMelika, yaye ngaloo ndlela kusindiswa ngobomi bakhe. Emva kokuba yonke eyaziwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo sanga singabamiselwe ukufa. Zhzhenov kwakhona iminyaka emi-5 nkampu, ezo isithethe kaStalin "elungileyo" Wasolula yi njengoko amabini eminyaka. Yintoni esinethemba lazo ukuya eSiberia, Georgi Zhzhenov? Biography, usapho, abantwana, ngubani na - konke oku ngoku ingafikeleleki kuye. Wathi ntle emfazini wakhe waza wamcela ukuba silinde ukubuya kwakhe.

Kolyma, Kolyma, planet emangalisayo, iinyanga ezilishumi Ebusika, abanye - ihlobo

Xa inqanawa babambelela owayengowakhe lizele amakhulu "amabanjwa", eyibeka Zhzhenova Nagaeva Bay ukuya Magadan, wayeneminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Phambili ndandineminyaka emihlanu kwiinkampu, imisebenzi enzima nzima, indlala, ingqele, nomzabalazo ukuphila. Emva koko, ubunzima Kolyma kwiminyaka imfazwe kakhulu enzima, xa unikezelo encane kakade sisikwe phantsi ubuncinane. Thina besifa yindlala lagpunktov lonke amakhulu "amabanjwa." Ngesinye isihlandlo Zhzhenov ebaliswa elinye lamabali akhe epapashwe mfutshane ngobomi eminqubeni, ekuthiwa "ebusika".

Kwakusebusika komnye lagpunktov ekude, ibekwe kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka inkampu enkulu. Yayiyindawo ekude apho izithuthi ababenokuyidlulisela kuphela ehlotyeni. Abasemagunyeni bazisa ngabom apho ehlotyeni kuba iimveliso yasebusika imfuyo, kunye nabemi amakhulu abaliqela Camp Division, kuquka Zhzhenova waqalisa ukulamba sife kancinci. Kule nkampu iimveliso yokhuseleko rhoqo kusiwa trail toboggan, kuba abalindi kuphela elinesibini isibini, yaye "amabanjwa" - ikhulu ambalwa. Nantso selisiza iindaba ukuba Zhzhenov enkampini ipasile engundoqo wafika evela nonina, nangenxa qiniseka kunye neemveliso. Kodwa njani ukuze kwinkampu "goner" engundoqo owathi, nangona ebutsheni bakhe nobugorha bayo bangaphambili, ubunzima ehamba ngeenyawo zawo kukungondleki esinganyangekiyo. Malunga ukuhambisa iipasile e Camp Division ayikwazanga kuqwalaselwa, kuba kukwaphula lo myalelo. Kwaye esehlelwa efudumeleyo indawo amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka ngaphambili, kwaye sibe imisele naweebhombu German, akukho namnye wolawulo akazange afune ukuba. Zhzhenov wayesengxakini. Ngokungenamkhethe lolu yaba yendawo eligunyazisiweyo NKVD, abo batyelela Camp Division yokugula-lombutho (bafika khona ngeenyawo). Yaba nguye lowo wacebisa Zhzhenov aye ekampini lesakhelo kunye naye, ngokungathi xa sihambisana. Ndamangaliswa ke George, ngentsasa elandelayo xa ke akubona oku igunya, etsala ebusika encinane, nto leyo walala olunye uxwebhu. e Camp Division xa isuke umgama endilisekileyo, George waziva ikhefu lakhe amandla, yaye ulahlekelwa seengcamango. Ngaphandle ilizwi, uMkomishinala wambeka nesileyi Wayiqhuba kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukuya kummandla inkampu enkulu, apho singakubekela amangomso, ukuze phambi kokuba ezikhuselweyo nefom: "iinyoka" kunye negosa ehamba. Yintoni eyabangela ukuba igosa ukubonisa uncharacteristic "enkavedeshnikam" Inceba, asinakuze baya kwazi. Kodwa into nje ukuba phantse wasindisa ikamva umdlali obalaseleyo Russian, nathi sinokuba nombulelo. Emva ethumela umzali zenziwa eyayinceda Georgi Zisekhona ubusika ezoyikekayo ngokwenene.

Ubomi nimbaxa

Ngowe-1943 George kweminquba yamabanjwa xa icula zam ngokoqobo watsala intloko iqela ze kukho umdlali ohambahambayo xa Nikanorov. Xa i "Zeke" ezoyikekayo ngenkangeleko, idlakadlaka, wayifulela nangokhwekhwe, "namaqhakuva" wabona yangaphambili zolinganiso efanayo Wabhambathisa kumsindisa na. Okokuqala Zhzhenova wesuka kwiqela kwinkampu buvuvu, uze Magadansky muzdramteatr, inkampani leyo lwaluquka ncakasana omnye "amabanjwa." Ndandiwuva wabuyela phakathi usapho-nye abantu Georgiy Zhzhenov? Biography, usapho, abantwana - onke la magama eziqhelekileyo abangabantu kwakhona basondeleyo kuye. Iyithathela okufanayo njengoko, kwenziwe, actress Lydia Vorontsova, kuba intombi Elena. Umtshato ayikwazanga elide, ngokukhawuleza bobabini kuba imihla ezintsha.

Ngowe-1945 yena waphela ixesha isigwebo yakhe yokuqala, yaye ngokufutshane evuthayo ndasinda Kolyma. Kwayala yi Sergei Gerasimov bayinika Sverdlovsk ifilimu studio. Apho ke obekade "Alitet uya ezintabeni", nto leyo ethetha inguqu yali yobomi babantu zomthonyama Chukotka.

kwekota yesibini

Kwaye emva koko kwenzeka kuye iyafana naleyo namanye amaxhoba amaninzi zocindezelo kaStalin - ukubanjwa yesibini kunye isivakalisi esitsha. Eli xesha wagwetywa ekuthinjweni Norilsk. Ngethamsanqa, apho wakwazi ukufumana inkonzo loqhaqho idrama, njengoko ku Magadan. Hi ndlela leyi, iqabane lakhe kumi Innocent Smoktunovski, abashiya ukuba Norilsk ahlale ngaphandle amaxesha ziinkathazo apho Ekuveleni novalo, kunye namashumi omahlanu, kuba wayesoyika ukuba ohlwaywe ngenxa bokuhlala kwabo elifutshane umbanjwa German lemfazwe ngo-1943.

Oko ukongeza wobugcisa umdlali efumaneka Norilsk George Zhzhenov? Biography, umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana kwakhona yaba kufutshane kuye ngokwabantu. Umfazi wakhe sesithathu actress Irina Makhaeva Norilsk. Emva kokuba ephumile Norilsk intombi Marina.

Ukufumana inkululeko

Ngowe-1955, kwimeko yesiqhelo ngokupheleleyo Zhzhenov wabuyela eLeningrad. Ekuqaleni wasebenza kwindawo yokubonela idrama yengingqi, kodwa emva konyaka luhlala kwi Lenfilm film weqonga. Ukususela ngoko, phantse unyaka wonke bekukho imiboniso kunye nenxaxheba yakhe. Yena enziwe ubomi obutsha okumangalisayo lula, njengoko abambalwa likwazile ngaphandle abo baya ngalo zoyikekayo Gulag. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku negalelo kwifom elungileyo elibonakalayo, leyo Zhzhenov ndikwazile ukugcina emva bonke wayewele isabelo sakhe zihlikihlana. Moviegoers kwakhona ababetsaleleke imifanekiso zadalwa ngaye esithintelweyo, ezele wokwenene isibindi ngendlela yokwenza yokusebenza Zhzhenova.

Ngowe-1960 yena wangena yeqonga. Council City Leningrad. Ndafumana kweli qela George Zhzhenov? Biography, ubomi bakhe wabuya wenza le nale. George Stepanovich wadibana apha umfazi wakhe yesine Lidiyu Malyukovu, naye wahlala de wafa. Ke wazala intombi, Julia.

Kubaluleke kangakanani amaqongqolo yonke inzala ka-George Zhzhenov? Biography, abantwana, iintsapho, - zonke ezi amagama bebesoloko usondele kuye, wafuna ukuya ubomi bentsapho. Bebonke Zhzhenova kwimitshato ezintathu Sinabantwana abathathu, kunye nabazukulwana eziliqela kunye nabazukulwana.

In 60 kweye-- ekuqaleni-sharing 70 ukuya Zhzhenov weza yavelela lonke emva kokwenza indima Zarokova-Tulyev ngo "lesayensi" kinodilogii yaye "Bya wokuhlala." Wafudukela eMoscow, uya yemidlalo yeqonga. City Council Moscow, apho wayesebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu enesiqingatha, de wasutywa kukufa ngomhla 91 th ngonyaka ubomi.

Kwiminyaka yakhe nokwehla Zhzhenov yaba ubhishophu yokwenene mfi Russian yeqonga. Uye ufumene iimbasa ezininzi karhulumente. Waba khona ukudubula documentary, ilizwe ngokubanzi sabhiyozela unyaka 90.