Golden ulwelwe: Iintlobo nezihloko

Golden ulwelwe Division (iifoto, iinkcukacha kunye neenkcazelo zohlobo ngamnye ingafumaneka kweli nqaku) yaziwa, mhlawumbi, ubukhulu becala zebhayoloji nje. Noko ke, abameli balo badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwindalo. ulwelwe Golden - enye maqela zindala lisiza. ookhokho babo aba eziphilayo zaseprayimari amoeboid. ulwelwe Golden ezifanayo mthubi-eluhlaza, yaye diatomaceous ngokomkhethe brown ulwelwe zombala zokugaya, ubukho lesilicon kwi inwebu yeseli, ukwakhiwa kwezinto zokugcina. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iminyanya diatoms. Noko ke, le ingcamango ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa ubungqina bokuba ngokupheleleyo.

Golden Division ulwelwe: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Thina zinomdla nezityalo ezahlukeneyo omkhulu morphological. ulwelwe Golden (ifoto iseti kuphuma ngasentla) zombini kwiseli enye kwaye multicellular, lobukoloniyali. Ngaphezulu koko, phakathi lona lisiza zegolide ukuba nommeli ngokungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Multicore thallium yena ze Plasmodium. ulwelwe segolide yoko, zahlukile kakhulu.

Ubume bale iiseli ezi zinto ziphilayo luphawulwa ubukho izixa ezahlukeneyo misila. Inani labo kuxhomekeke kudidi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ababini kubo, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye iintlobo, kukho ezintathu zegolide lisiza yomsila. Okwesithathu, esisigxina, ephakathi kwe ezimbini enokususwa. Wabiza gantonemoy kwaye luphawulwa ukwandiswa ekupheleni. Gantonemy osemqoka ukuba iseli ngayo eziqhotyoshelwe zeendawana.

umbala

ulwelwe Golden - siyahlukana, olubandakanya iintlobo kakhulu ezincinane. chloroplasts zabo ngombala segolide-yellow. Of inqaku ngombala yiklorofili A. Ukongeza, ngokuba yiklorofili ibonakele E, kwakunye carotenoids ezininzi, kuquka inani carotene kunye xanthophylls, ubukhulu becala Staphylococcus fucoxanthin. Abameli Umbala we yeSebe umdla kuthi unokuba imibala ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwayo enye okanye ezinye zezi zombala. Kusenokuba ukusuka zana-brown kunye zana-mthubi ukuya esulungekileyo segolide-yellow.

Ixabiso buphindwe

Iintlobo ulwelwe Golden leyo elimasimi achumayo - it eziphilayo phototrophic. ukubaluleka yabo ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala ekudalweni amachibi kwimveliso ephuma phambili. Ukongeza, ukuba bazibandakanye nokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo eziphilayo zasemanzini eyahlukeneyo, kuquka intlanzi, ulele yegolide. Types ukuphucula ulawulo igesi amadama zazo ezahlukeneyo apho zikhula. Kwakhona bakha iidipozithi of sapropel.

Division ulwelwe Golden ukuzala abameli balo iphawulwa icandelo iseli elula, kwakunye ziguge thallus okanye amathanga multicellular zibe kwimimandla ngamnye. Academic eyaziwa nenkqubo ngokwesondo, nto leyo autogamy eqhelekileyo, hologamiyu okanye isogamy. Xa ngenxa yenkqubo yokuzala kuvela cysts iqala siliceous, ezahlukeneyo kwi isiseko ezifana nohlobo iqokobhe lwabo befaka. Ezi cysts babe umsebenzi obalulekileyo - anceda nobulembu kusinda iimeko ezingalunganga.

Ukwabela ulwelwe segolide

Golden ulwelwe twa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kodwa ke kaninzi ngaphezu kwabo ukukhula kwisibanzi ziingcathu. Ezi zityalo bahlala ikakhulu kumanzi acocekileyo. ulwelwe Golden ingakumbi eziqhelekileyo amadobo sphagnum amanzi acid. A Inani elincinane ezi zinto ziphilayo bahlala amachibi kunye neelwandle. Amanzi angcolisekileyo na anqabe kakhulu. Njengoko ngokuba umhlaba, ukuba nje iintlobo abambalwa abahlala kuzo.

Golden ulwelwe Division kuquka abameli kwiiklasi ezininzi. Ngezantsi Sinokuyichaza ezinye zazo.

class Hrizokapsovye

abameli balo obubonakala ngokuba thallus entsonkothileyo enoku isakhiwo isifo. Hrizokapsovye iifom colonial zibandakanya, sekunjalo nje adadayo okanye apha. Iiseli ezi zinto ziphilayo la misila, okanye lunamaqoqo umphezulu. Bona angena kwenye ngamathanga anodaka eqhelekileyo, lulele ngokubanzi ngokwemaleko yayo peripheral, kodwa ube kwisabelo esisezantsi.

class Hrizotrihovye

Le iklasi iquka lona lisiza yegolide, ukuba ipleyiti-ezifana, kwaye filamentous isakhiwo raznonitchatuyu. Zonke ezi zinto ziphilayo zezi multicellular, benthic uqobo apha. Tull asinikezele ngemisonto branched okanye elula, eyodwa okanye multi-umqolo, discoid platelets parenchymal okanye ematyholweni. Ngokubanzi abayi afakwa anodaka.

Kule klasi kunye zenze amatsha, aselwandle kunye eyindawo ngaphantsi. Hrizotrihovye zezona kakhulu neqembu eziphilayo zonke lisiza segolide. Amalungu ayo ayafana ukubonakala ulotriksovymi ukubayinxalenye isebe lisiza eluhlaza, kwakunye geterotriksovymi isebe zibalulekile kwakunye nezityalo omthubi noluhlaza. Ezinye abameli hrizotrihovyh bafana ezinye kelp kakhulu amalungiselelo nje.

class Hrizosferovye

Kule klasi fanele ulwelwe egolide, awanenzelayo na isakhiwo umzimba coccoid. Iiseli ezi zinto ziphilayo zizele inwebu kwincindi. Ukolukwa okubukelekayo kunye nabameli rhizopoda kule klasi bengekho ngokupheleleyo. Ezi zityalo ke kwiseli enye, yima. Iifom Ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo colonial, ezo lutyhido leeseli, lathamba adityaniswe ndantywiliselwa anodaka iyonke. Bona ezizo zixhobo okanye ziiplatelets ngexesha lokwanda.

class Hrizofitsievye

Kule klasi bamanyene ulwelwe yegolide, ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lombutho le thallus. Loo isixhobo inobutshijolo wayo, ekuthi ngawo odolo ziya kwabelwa kule klasi: rizohrizidalnye (ukuba rizopodialnuyu structure) hrizomonadalnye (ifom mopadnye) hrizokapsalnye (ifom palmelloidnye) feotamnialnye (filamentous) kunye hrizosferalnye (ifom coccoid). Sinikezela uqhelane kunye nemiyalelo ngamnye kule klasi.

Hrizomonadalnye (ngenye indlela - hromulinalnye)

Le nkqubo elikhulu, edibanisa nobulembu yegolide isakhiwo monadic njengoko abamhlophe kanye kwiseli enye. chrysomonads Systematics isekelwe kubume kunye nenani misila. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke indlela cell sheets zazo. Kukho iintlobo enye biflagellate. Kuqala kwakukholelwa ukuba umthombo abangekaphuhli ngakumbi oko kukuthi kuqala. Noko ke, neemicroscope electron wanceda oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba iifom kuthiwa odnozhgutikovyh thaca iflagellum yesibini lateral amancinci. Abaphandi hypothesized ukuba baseline unokuba chrysomonads biflagellate ukuba geterokontnye heteromorphic kunye misila kunye odnozhgutikovye fom ziziphumo ukuhla elandelayo eliphelele elifutshane.

Njengoko i iseli kugubungela hrizomonadalnyh abameli, ukuba zahluke. ifomu Kukho ze, enxibe kuphela ndizayo plasma. Ezinye iindidi iiseli afakwe kwindawo izindlu neselulosi okhethekileyo. Kule plasmalemma isiciko wesithathu ubunjwe izikali silicified.

Ukusebenzisa icandelo iseli wenza chrysomonads inkqubo yokuzala. Kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo nenkqubo ngokwesini.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba chrysomonads - nto ubukhulu becala eziphilayo amanzi. Amaninzi zifumaneka emanzini ecacileyo. Chrysomonads ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeke ngexesha kubanda, yasekwindla ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ezinye izinto eziphilayo bahlala phantsi ngumkhenkce ebusika. Noko ke, njengoko izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa, kuba bona ayibalulekanga kakhulu lobushushu yamanzi. Kuye kuphela inani ngqo. Imichiza amanzi yeyona nto ebaluleke gqitha. Kuwo wonke unyaka ngayo iyatshintsha emanzini ngexesha lonyaka abandayo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanye izityalo ziqulathe initrogen kunye nentsimbi. Uninzi chrysomonads uhlala kwizidalwa. Baye amalungiselelo awodwa lokuqhuba yokuphila planktonic. Ezinye abameli chrysomonads efafazwe amanzi umbala omdaka, ebangela ukuba "yintlahla".

Sinikezela ukuba uqhelane kunye nentsapho Ohromonadovye ukuba yabelwe le yokuhlela.

ekhaya Ohromonadovye

Siyaqhubeka ngokutsha ulwelwe yesebe segolide. Amalungu entsapho Ohromonadovye - fomu ezahlukeneyo ze. iiseli zabo lwazigubungela kuphela inwebu cytoplasmic ukuba misila elinye okanye amabini (ukungalingani).

Rhode Ohromonas

Ulwelwe yale hlobo zithanda ukuphila kule neuston okanye amanzi kwizidalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zifumaneka emanzini amtyuba. Kuzenza imelwe kwiseli enye umbala yegolide, ukuba msila ezimbini heteromorphic kunye geterokontnyh. Ohromonas - iseli ebalelelwe lilanga, enxibe nje umphandle ndizayo cytoplasmic. Le cytoskeleton ubunjwe microtubules ilahlwa peripherally ixhasa imilo yayo teardrop. Embindini iseli onjalo unalo nucleus. Oku singqongwe yemvulophu yenyukliya ezibandakanya ingaphandle ezimbini.

chromatophores Plate (kukho ezimbini) okuzinziswe kwandise, akhoyo phakathi inwebu emvulophini yenyukliya. Le ultrastructure kubo Zinjalo isebe kuyo banendawo. hrizolaminarinom enkulu vacuole abakwiindawo Ezomva weseli. I-mitochondria athe saa phakathi icytoplasm, izixhobo golgi ephambi iseli enjalo. Ukususela ekupheleni kwayo ngaphambili kumka misila. Ababini kubo, bengengabo ubude efanayo.

G. Buck wafunda mastigonemes imvelaphi kunye nesakhiwo entle Ochromonas danica (ulwelwe segolide). Iifoto kunye namagama ukunceda nomfanekiso ezi okanye ezinye iindidi eziphilayo. Kwifoto ngasentla - ulwelwe Ochromonas danica. Olu hlobo Kulula ukuqonda oko Dynamics le mastigonemes. Isibakala sokuba iiseli alo phawu omnye umdla - ukuba lula misila zabo, uze uphinde-ayenze. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlola umbandela kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo nokuhlaziya ngokutsa izixhobo flagellar.

Rhode Mallomonas

Amalungu ayo siphila amanzi kwizidalwa. Le uhlanga bazizityebi kwiintlobo. Iiseli abameli balo bahluka imilo. aba bahamba kunye ezifumaneka okanye siyaqabela izikali silicified. Mallomonas caudata (ingasentla) - enye Uhlobo olukhulu phakathi bale hlobo. Kuba kubhaliwe ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha isiqulatho ultrastructure Iinwele kukubola kwaye imixholo yeseli kwakunye indlela nokudaleka, ukukhululwa nokufumba kamva kwi iseli kumphezulu wazo. Nakuba kunjalo, izifundo ezinjalo nangoku bambalwa kakhulu.

Ngokufutshane chaza indlela misila ye ummeli sodidi Mallomonas njengoko M. caudata. Babenayo ezimbini, kodwa umahluko kukuba enye microscope optical kuphela. Le yomsila na isakhiwo eqhelekileyo. Uye imiqolo 2 iinwele-mastigonemes. In neemicroscope ukukhanya enzima Iflagellum yesibini, apho kuphuma umgama omfutshane ukusuka kwiseli. Izikali inshorensi asibeke.

Rhode Sinura

Kuzenza luphawulwa amakoloni ellipsoidal okanye ungqukuva eziquka iiseli kwe-ezimile. Embindini kweli thanga ukuba uxhulumanisa iphela angasemva, maxa wambi elide kakhulu. Ukususela inwebu cytoplasmic ngaphandle iseli enxibe izikali silicified. Ezi ezikalini zilungiswe spirally, ukuba ayangenana imbricated. Ultrastructure kunye nefomu ezi esikalini, kwakunye mallomonas abalulekileyo enkulu taxonomic. Umzekelo, ummeli ezifana S. sphagnicola (ingasentla), ngazo cross-kwicandelo ipleyiti carcinomas uthe tyaba, ngamanye unalo esinobukhulu efanayo. perforations Small ingangena yakhe. Apical seyijiyile edge kumngcipheko ngaphambili. edge carcinoma ngelixa onke. Yena singqongwe lamina carcinomas, ukwakha into efana isibiyeli kule lisiza segolide. amalungu alo spike ezibuhlazarha, waguqa ngaphandle. It kuqhotyoshelwe umgama ukusuka ekupheleni ngaphambili nembasa. Eli ixesha noseko lwalo.

Ke namanye amalungu lisebe, njengoko segolide lisiza, isakhiwo lwezi zinto scales kancinane nzima ngakumbi. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa S. petersonii. Olungiswe egqojozwe phezu lamina carcinomas kule Uhlobo lo kummango medial (umngxuma). Yena apical, buthuntu okanye etsolo. Kuphela oko ngaphaya ngohlangothi phambi esikalini, ngaloo ndlela simulating spike. ixesha Major ukuba ibekwe kwi kummango medial kwinxalenye phambi kwayo. Isiphelo carcinoma lwezi zinto scales zigobile ngathi intsimbi yehashe. Yena lundanda phezu komzimba wakhe. ezikalini ngaphambili nangesemva leyo akugubungele umzimba yeseli, kufuneka imbambo ezinqamlezayo, leyo kusuka ephakeme medial. Ukongeza udibaniso ezinqamlezayo nazo iimbambo longitudinal. Olukwisikali iseli akukho tyaba, yaye apha, kuyabonakala ukuba, kuphela isiphelo malunga yomqolo. In S. sphagnicola (ingasentla) profiles lwezi zinto scales umzimba inokuba kwi vesicles cytoplasmic, ikakhulu zibekwe kufutshane kumphezulu olungaphandle chloroplast, nangona nabo kwenzeka phakathi kuyo kunye vesicles kunye hrizolaminarinom.

Group kok-kolitoforid

iintlobo ulwelwe Golden kunye namagama apho sifunda baninzi. Phakathi kwazo kukho iqela elikhethekileyo - umpheki-kolitoforid. abameli balo babe iimpawu zabo iimpawu. Pellicle Bawarhawula coccoliths ngaphandle umaleko ezongezelelweyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-corpuscles calcareous ngeenxa). Bona afumaneka kwi yencindi, leyo sokunikela protoplast.

class Gaptofitsievye

Le iklasi kukhethiwe ngokuyintloko isakhiwo iiseli monadic ukuba babe gaptonemoy ngaphandle misila. Ubume bale klasi iquka imiyalelo ezintathu ubukhulu. Cinga ngomnye wabo.

Umyalelo primiezialnye

Yena ngokuqhelekileyo luphawulwa misila ezimbini isomorphic kwaye izokontnymi, kwakunye gaptonemoy elide. Isendaweni phezu ngaphandle plasmalemma weseli wawutyabeka okanye non-nzima organic umzimba flake-coccoliths (ikalika), apho benza kokkosferu ngeenxa zonke iseli.

Enye kwiintsapho komyalelo - Prymnesiaceae. Njengoko kumanzi fresh neelwandle iqulathe sodidi ezinxulumene Hrizohromulina kuso. iiseli okweqanda okanye ungqukuva ababini misila egudileyo anobude obulinganayo kunye gaptonemoy kuhlawulwa ngaphandle inwebu cytoplasmic organic ezikalini non-indawo. Le yokugqibela zidla kweentlobo ezimbini. Ziyashiyana kwimilo kunye okanye ubungakanani.

Umzekelo, Chrysochromulina birgeri kukho iintlobo ezimbini isikali leyo yokugubungela umzimba wakhe. Ahluke kuphela ngobukhulu. Ezi esikalini iqanjwa amacwecwe okweqanda, ukuzoba leyo a imiqela ziqu. Kukho kwakhona ezimbini Buze engundoqo enikwe ngohlobo iimpondo. Iseli kumphezulu kwezinye iintlobo kugutyungelwa isikali, ezo morphologically ezahlukeneyo, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kabukhali. Umzekelo, iflethi, elirhangqiweyo isikali yangaphakathi Ch. cyanophora abe lwamawa ezingcakacileyo concentric. Bathi ayangenana, kusekwe ibhokisi ngeenxa zonke ebuhlanti. Kaninzi ukufihla ezikalini ezininzi zezindlu, akhiwe ngaphandle.

iintlobo ezimbini isikali kukho nabo Ch. megacyiindra - le cylinder kunye nembasa. Iziqulathi ngokulungelelana zasasazwa ehlabathini ebuhlanti. Ngamnye kubo eqhotyoshelwe ekupheleni awo incence Uhlobo Lokuqala. Omabini la iziqulathi phantse echwethana. Ngaphantsi kwabo nezikali amcaba nezipeki, ekusekeni nobuninzi lamanqanaba.

iintlobo ezintathu isikali awayezibona Ch. chiton. ilungiselelo lwawo luphawulwa ezinkulu ezintandathu ngaphandle udini ningeenxa mnye, enkulu kunye undi. Izithuba phakathi kwazo zizaliswe kukubola kakhulu amancinci.

Xa ndiqukumbela, ngamafuphi kwenye intsapho.

ekhaya Kokkolitoforidovye

Oku kuquka iintlobo ikakhulu zaselwandle. Le Okungumahluko gimenomonas - amanzi uhlobo. iiseli Monadic amalungu entsapho yomsila ezimbini twatse. Gaptonema ludla zibonakala kakuhle. Noko ke, kukho inani coccolithophorids kuyacaca lincitshiswe. Ngokomzekelo, kubhaliwe ukuba iqatshelwe N. coronate.

Iiseli amalungu osapho i kubume ayahlukanga kwezinye iiseli gaptofitsievyh. Zinelungelo nucleus kunye chloroplasts, leyo singqongwe reticulum endoplasmic. Bona ziqulathe trehtilakoidnye lamellae, akukho lamella umbhinqo. Xa iseli apho kunye pyrenoids. thylakoids ezidityanisiwe bawela kuyo. Kwakhona mitochondria langoku, Golgi izixhobo , njalo njalo. Ngokubhekiselele iseli sheet, ukuba ibekwe ngaphandle ndizayo cytoplasmic. Coccoliths - ishq buzane carbonate ngawo iqulathe. Coccoliths benza kokkosferu ngeenxa zonke iseli. Ezinye iintlobo babe Imihlubulo non-nzima organic ngaphandle kubo.

Coccoliths nokubhala wokulinganisa

Imvelaphi lokubhala itshokhwe, aqhelekileyo kuthi sonke, nto inika umdla gqitha. Ukuba ujonga ngemicroscope, ukuba akukho banzi kakhulu umfanekiso, abaphandi ngokuqhelekileyo ukubamba iliso amaqokobhe foraminifera. Noko ke, xa ukukhulisa ephakamileyo sibonisa ezininzi amacwecwe ngaphaya koko babe nenye imvelaphi. ixabiso yabo ngaphantsi kwe microns-10. La macwecwe coccoliths kunye emele algae iqokobhe yamasuntswana coccolithophorids. Ukusebenzisa i electron microscope ukuba izazinzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba coccoliths namaqhekeza benze i-95% yamawa Cretaceous. Ezi Education umdla kungoku nje bafunda ngokwemiqathango ultrastructure. Ukongeza, oosonzululwazi akuyiqonda genesis zabo.

Ngoko ke, siye sithethe i Golden lisiza Division. Iiklasi kunye namalungu ngamnye kuyo iye yachazwa yi kuthi. Kakade ke, sancokola nje kweentlobo ezithile, kodwa oku ngokwaneleyo ukuze ufumane uluvo jikelele kwisebe umdla kuthi. Ngoku ungakwazi uphendule lo mbuzo: "? Golden ulwelwe - yintoni na"