Tropism - le ukugoba sisityalo ngenxa yeemeko ezithile

Namhlanje siza sithethe ezinye izifo zezityalo. Lukwa yinxalenye yobomi bethu. Zama ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni apho kungekho nkcitho noogxa bethu eluhlaza. Asizange banephepha, ifenitshala, le ubuhle Amazing bendalo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - oksijini. Oko kukuthi, bekuya kuba ngaphandle izityalo esinazo. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga nesifo ekuthiwa "tropism". Le ukugoba ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kukho into (womxhuzulane, ukukhanya, njalo njalo). Siza sihlaziye lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu kamva.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba tropism - oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kunye nezifo. Kuyimfuneko ukunceda izityalo ubunzima, Kakade ke, ukuba kukho ithuba elinjalo.

Sinikezela ukudlulela ngqo abalinganiswa of tropism kunye nohlalutyo kwiintlobo yayo. Masiqalise khona ngoku.

tropism

Ngoko tropism - oku ugoba nayiphi na inxalenye yesityalo, ukususela kwisiGrike, eli gama eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "ithuba". Esi sifo ingabangelwa eziliqela, eziquka:

• ekukhanyeni;
• amandla womxhuzulane, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Tropism - inkqubo apho kwelinye icala ihlumelo (igqabi, isiqu okanye kwezinye iindawo zesityalo) iiseli zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuba ugqiba isenza sifo, into yokuqala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - lo ngumba elibangele. Umzekelo, thatha phototropism, apho ixhaphake kakhulu ebomini bethu. Lubonakaliswa njengoko Ekuveleni isityalo okanye amanye amalungu akhe ukuya kwicala elinye, oko kubangelwa Izibane elinye macala. Kulo mzekelo, iintlobo ezimbini phototropism kungathiwa:

• HIV (ukuba isityalo esijikeleziswa kumthombo ukukhanya);
• ezimbi (ukuba isityalo lijongene ukusuka kumthombo ukukhanya).

Yiyiphi enye into efika phototropism, okokuqala le nto waqalisa ukufunda Charles Darwin. Waphawula ukuba incam izityalo bayakwazi ukuphendula ezintweni ezibonwayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuvumela. Impendulo kuyimfuneko ukuba olule kummandla, oko kukuthi ngezantsi kwe ariya esihoyana ukuba ubakhanyisele kancinane. Esi siphumo sibonisa into yokuba receptors kunye iiseli ukuba ziyakhuthazeka, aliphelelanga, ekhokelela ukukhanya malunga ubukho hormone zokubambela kuhlelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku sicebisa ukuba siqwalasele ezinye tropism uhlobo, omnye kubo sifika bazi kweli candelo.

Iintlobo zezityalo tropism

Kweli candelo, siza kuxubusha tropism ezivame zezityalo ntlobo. Sinako ukukhetha iintlobo ezifana:

• phototropism;
• geotropism;
• hemotropizm;
• gidrotropizm;
• tigmotropizm;
• thermotropism;
• electrotropism.

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga nganye. Phezu komhlaba sele sathetha kancinci. Phototropism - into ayeguqa isityalo ngenxa yezenzo unilateral ukukhanya. Akanakuba ngokwakhe ukuba, emva kokuhlala ixesha elide ebumnyameni ikhanyisa isityalo kunye ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo.

Geotropism - a begoba amalungu yezihlunu kwisityalo ngenxa yempembelelo womxhuzulane Yomhlaba. Ukuba geotropism HIV, isityalo sikhula kuthelekiswa ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni. Hemotropizm okubangelwa ukwabiwa ngokungalinganiyo kweekhemikhali emhlabeni. Gidrotropizm okubangelwa unikezelo ngamanzi engafanelekanga. Tigmotropizm okubangelwa uvakalelo ngokomzimba (ngaphandle kwebala, uxinzelelo, njalo njalo). Thermotropism kwenzeka uphantsi kweempembelelo nempembelelo unilateral ubushushu kunye electrotropism - electric current.

Libhekisela nento gidrotropizm kunye tigmotropizm - a hemotropizma uhlobo.

nokubandakanywa

Igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "Nassau" kubonisa itywina okanye wokuvala. Ukuba tropism ihlobene utshintsho kwinkqubo yokukhula, oko kubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, eli langoku - ukuba utshintsha phantsi kweempembelelo zizinto ezichaphazela ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinto. Ezi zinto zibandakanya:

• utshintsho lobushushu lomoya;
• ukufuma;
• Izibane yendalo njalo njalo.

Umzekelo omhle kakhulu siza kuqhuba iintyatyambo eTulip xa ilanga - zivalwe, xa kufikwa - kuvezwe. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba niktinastiyami okanye iintshukumo komqamelo.

iiteksi

amagama ngoku ambalwa malunga neeteksi, apho kananjalo yimiba yangaphandle. Le intshukumo zonke eziphilayo. Sathi ukuba tropisms zahlulwe zibe akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Ulwahlulo efanayo unganika neeteksi. Ukongeza, ukuba zihlelwe ngokwezi ezintweni:

• tigmotaksisy;
• phototaxis;
• chemotaxis.

Siye sahlolisisa sisifo izityalo, njengoko tropism. Sinethemba ulwazi waba luncedo!