Hambo iMars. Le hambo iMars kuqala

Space kuye abantu basoloko itsale, abantu baye bazama ukoyisa iincopho inkwenkwezi kwaye ufumanise ukuba uyayigubungela enzonzobileni yasezulwini. Ingaba amanyathelo kuqala inyanga, bavakalisa inkqubela enkulu yehlabathi. ilizwe ngalinye ijonge ukwenza ukufunyanwa ingakumbi ebalulekileyo leyo ngokuyimfuneko zapechalitsya kwimbali. Nangona kunjalo, izinga kwezesayensi izixhobo zobugcisa bale mihla akavumeli ukuba ukoyisa umzimba elikude yaye kungakholeleki yasezulwini. Indlela amaxesha amaninzi imfundiso waqhuba i uhambo ukuya Mars, ukuphunyezwa kwe apho practice ngoku yinto enzima kakhulu. Kodwa izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kule minyaka ilishumi Indoda elandelayo ukubeka unyawo kule planethi ebomvu. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba izinto ezi- Silindelwe apho. Ithemba khona ubomi komhlaba elidubulayo ezingqondweni ezininzi.

mission swi iMars ngamhla uthile ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kwenzeka. Kwaye namhlanje nokuba uyazi imihla uqikelelo ebekwe zizazinzulu.

flight Ethile

Namhlanje, i uhambo ukuya Mars, ezicwangciselwe 2017, kodwa ayaziwa, kuba ndaqonda okanye hayi. Lo mhla kungenxa ngeli xesha okuwo komhlaba baya kuba kufutshane komzila Mars. Flight kuya kuthatha iminyaka emibini okanye emibini enesiqingatha. Inqanawa iya kuba ubunzima iitoni malunga 500, le mali efunekayo cosmonauts bazive bekhululekile xa ubuncinane.

Abenzi bemeko- ephambili yenkqubo "Mission ku Mars" le United States naseRashiya. Kuyinto la magunya baye ezifunyaniswe ebonakalayo kwinkalo ukoyisa isithuba. Ingcinga Uphuhliso kuquka le misebenzi de 2040.

Onke amaqela anomdla bangathanda ukuthumela oosomajukujuku yokuqala ukuya planet elikude ngo-2017, kodwa eneneni ezi zicwangciso kunzima ukuphumeza. Kunzima kakhulu ukudala enye enkulu moya, ngoko bagqiba kwelokuba basebenze nezakhiwo. Baya kusinda kwizomelezi iinxalenye komzila lomhlaba. Xa oku kubalwa ukudala inkqubo automated ngokupheleleyo, ukunciphisa iindleko oosomajukujuku amandla. Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe ukudala izibonelelo eziyimfuneko emajukujukwini.

Kuba phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane yemilinganiselo umsebenzi swi. "Mars" - Lost station USSR ngo-1988, apho kuqala anikezelwe nangemifanekiso olingana kumphezulu womhlaba obomvu kunye enye nasekuthwaseni-langa. Ekubeni amazwe ziye zenza station omncane ukufunda Mars.

Iingxaki Mars mkhankaso

Le hambo iMars kuya kuthatha ixesha elide. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abantu abe namava elide emajukujukwini. Valery Polyakov - ugqirha, ochithe ngonyaka ukujikeleza umhlaba neenyanga ezintandathu. Ekubaleni ekunene eli ixesha yanele ukufikelela Mars. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oko kuvuka phambili malunga neenyanga ezintandathu. Ingxaki enkulu, yaye ngoko nangoko emva igqampe ecaleni oosomajukujuku umhlaba kuya kufuneka ukuba uqale ukuhlola. Abayi kuba nako ukumelana aze kusetyenziswa.

Iimeko ezinzima ye-flight

Ukuze ukubalekela Mars kufuna iteknoloji entsha ngokupheleleyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine inani iimeko ezibalulekileyo. Kuphela ngale ndlela nkulu amathuba okuba hambo ukuya Mars yokuqala iya kuba ngempumelelo yenziwe. A Inani izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ekuphuhliseni iprojekthi yokoyisa isithuba Mars. Enye yezinto ezininzi ezingundoqo - yalila inkxaso yobomi. Kuza kuqaliswa Xa xa uyila umjikelo elikhohlakeleyo. Ukujikeleza zolondolozo lwamanzi eziyimfuneko kunye nokutya wakhonza kunye ngenkxaso iinqanawa ezizodwa. Kwimeko abakhweli Mars iziphekepheke kufuneka nje ukuba sithembele kumandla akhe. Izazinzulu zinika iindlela malunga nokuhlaziya ngokutsa imveliso amanzi neoksijini nge indlela electrolysis.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba radiation. Le yingxaki enkulu indoda. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo abakwaziyo ukunika iimpendulo kwimibuzo enxulumene impembelelo lwamandla magnetic emzimbeni xa iyonke. Le mpembelelo kungenzeka ukuba kukhokelele cataract, utshintsho izakhi zofuzo iiseli kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza iiseli zomhlaza. machiza ngophuhliso ayikwazi ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo abantu kwimiphumo eziyingozi radiation. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ucinge nokudalwa uhlobo yokuzimela.

weightlessness

Weightlessness - nawo ngumba obalulekileyo. Ukungabikho womxhuzulane kukhokelela utshintsho emzimbeni. Ingakumbi ekunzima ukujamelana nayo umntu osembonweni nobukhokelela imbono umgama engachanekanga. Oku kwenzeka kunye notshintsho ezinzulu kwamadlala, naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo ezingemnandi. Enye ingxaki kukuba kukho ilahleko olomeleleyo calcium. It uyazifohloza phantsi inyama bone kwaye omnye afune yoma dystrophy. Oogqirha sixhalabe kakhulu ngazo zonke ezi ziphumo kwabathile weightlessness. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokuba abuyele emhlabeni weqela crew va ngenkuthalo ukubuyisela isitokhwe .Ngaphezu kwezimbiwa emzimbeni. Ishiyela malunga nonyaka kwaye nangaphezulu. Ukuze ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokunqongophala womxhuzulane liqulunqe korotkoradiusnye icentrifuge okhethekileyo. Abanamava esebenza nabo yenziwa namhlanje zezenzululwazi kunzima ukumisela ukuba emininzi enjalo icentrifuge kufuneka asebenze ukudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu oosomajukujuku.

Konke oku kunzima, hayi kuphela ngengcamango lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, kodwa kwakhona iindleko emangalisayo imali eninzi.

iingxaki zonyango

Medicine kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Kufuneka ukudala iimeko ukuze, xa kuyimfuneko, ngexesha hambo ukuya Mars akwazi ukwenza intsebenziswano elula yotyando. Kukho amathuba ephakamileyo ukuba planethi ebomvu uphila i intsholongwane ezingaziwayo okanye intsholongwane ukuba unako ukutshabalalisa kusinda bonke kuloo mbandela iiyure. On ibhodi kufuneka abe khona amakhono zonyango eziliqela. elungileyo kakhulu iitheraphisti, iisayikholojisti kunye noogqirha. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe ixesha analyses abasebenzi, ukuba iliso ubume yonke eziphilayo. Le ngongoma kufuneka sibe kwibhodi izixhobo zonyango eziyimfuneko.

Ukwehluleka uziva imini sikhokelele ukutya ngokungafanelekanga nasisihlo of ugwayi. Kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ukukwandisa ulawulo utho- ulwamkelo ucwangciso olukhethekileyo. Lo msebenzi uya kwenziwa yonke imihla kwemiqathango inkqubo nzima kakhulu kwaye kakhulu. ubuthathaka abatheni uya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela iimpazamo ezinzulu.

zeleka engqondweni

umthwalo ngokwasengqondweni kuba yonke abasebenzi uya kuba mkhulu. Amathuba ukuze oosomajukujuku zibhabha Mars isenokuba hambo yokugqibela, uya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukuvela uloyiko, ukudakumba, iimvakalelo ithemba kunye nokudakumba. Kwaye loo nto bonke. Phantsi koxinzelelo psychological ezimbi ngexesha uhambo ukuya Mars, abantu baya kuza nakanjani iimeko zongquzulwano ezinokubangela iziphumo noqhekeko. Ngoko ke, ekukhetheni i-shuttles njalo kokuba kakhulu, ngenyameko. oosomajukujuku elizayo bangenele ezininzi iimvavanyo zengqondo ukuchonga amandla kunye nobuthathaka babo. Kubalulekile ukudala wento engekhoyo yenqanawa kwihlabathi ayiqhelileyo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga utshintsho komnyaka, ubukho kwezityalo kwaye nkqu i bexelisa amazwi zeentaka. Oku kuya kulungiselela ahlale kwi planethi yalapha kunye nokudambisa simo.

crew Ukukhetha

Inombolo Umbuzo omnye: "Ngubani na oya zibhabhela iplanethi elikude?" nangokuqonda Uluntu va uyaqonda ukuba lo jerk kukuvelisa liqembu yezindawo ngamazwe. Awunako ukubeka lonke uxanduva kwelinye ilizwe. Hleze ukungaphumeleli hambo ukuya Mars, kuyimfuneko ukuba ucinge phezu mzuzu zonke zobugcisa kunye nasengqondweni. Eli qela kufuneka ibandakanye iingcali ngokwenene kwiindawo ezininzi, nto leyo eya kubonelela ngoncedo eziyimfuneko ngexesha likaxakeka kwaye kalula ukuzivumelanisa indawo entsha.

Mars - oku iphupho oosomajukujuku ezininzi. Kodwa asinguye wonk 'ubani ufuna ukuba umviwa yale ndiza. Ngenxa yokuba le hambo luyingozi kakhulu, izaliswe a lot of iimfihlelo, kwaye abe wokugqibela. Nangona kukho lithemba nemiphefumlo elikhaliphileyo banqwenela ukuba amagama abo kuluhlu-nxaxheba inkqubo alithandayo "uhambo iMars." sele Amavolontiya isicelo. Abayeki iingqikelelo nokuba udakumbile. Izazinzulu zilumkisa ngokuphandle ukuba oosomajukujuku ngayo - mhlawumbi - hambo yokugqibela. Mars ubugcisa bale mihla maziyingenise kwisiphekepheke, kodwa oko kuya kuba lula ukuqala nge iplanethi - ayaziwa.

ubuqhawe

Zonke izazi avumelana uluvo lokuba abafazi kufuneka zisuswe kwiphulo lokuqala. Bakhetha oku iingxoxo ezifana:

• umzimba imazi akukaqondwa kakuhle kummandla isithuba, akwaziwa elide kwiimeko weightlessness abaziphatha ngayo inkqubo yayo entsonkothileyo hormone
• lady emzimbeni aqine ngaphantsi umntu,
• iimvavanyo ezininzi kunye nezifundo zenzululwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba psychology of abafazi ngokwemvelo ngaphantsi ezifanelene neemeko kakhulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba udangele ukwimeko nathemba.

Usamkhathazelani ukuze aphaphazele aye planethi?

Bonke oosonzululwazi ngazwi linye ukubhengeza ukuba lo mhlaba elifana kakhulu Umhlaba wethu. Kukholelwa ukuba kanye ahamba kumphezulu wayo ezifana umlambo kukhula izityalo kunye nemithi. Ukumisela izizathu ebomini kwiMars baphuke, kuyimfuneko ukwenza imisebenzi yophando. Olu phando entsonkothileyo umhlaba kunye nomoya. Spirit amaxesha amaninzi eesampulu athathwa kwaye idata exhaustively kufundwa. Noko ke, izinto mncinane kakhulu, ngokuba ebengenako ukwenza umfanekiso jikelele. Kuye kwamiselwa kuphela kwiMars, phantsi kweemeko ezithile ukuze aphile.

Kukholelwa ukuba kukho ithuba yokulungiselela ithanga kwiMars, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ithuba. Live isicwangciso sethu zisenokuba yingozi. Umzekelo, xa ungena njani umoya zimpahla omkhulu Umhlaba esizalisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukutshatyalaliswa bonke ubomi. Kodwa ukwandisa indawo Mars nga nethemba usindiso uhlanga lwabantu.

Xa iimeko mihla zokwanda of the planet Mars yokuhlola iya kunceda ukoyisa kwingxaki yezibalo.

Iinkokeli zezopolitiko abaninzi bezibuza ukuba aveze ongaphantsi kwe-Red Planet. Ngapha koko, imithombo yendalo kufika esiphelweni, kwaye ngoko ke, imithombo ezintsha kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu.

Isifundo yeenkwenkwezi ikude ukusuka eMhlabeni, kodwa kufutshane Mars, umnqweno ukujonga nzulu ezinzulwini eyimfihlo isithuba - esinye sezizathu umnqweno ukoyisa i-Red Planet.

The Mars elide zingasetyenziswa njenge yovavanyo eksperimenti (umzekelo, udubulo zenyukliya), nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu Earth.

Iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi iiplanethi eluhlaza nebomvu,

Mars sifana Earth. Ngokomzekelo, imini yayo yonke imizuzu engama-40 ngaphezu komhlaba. Mars iyatshintsha amaxesha, akukho nto ifana bume yethu, olukhusela umhlaba kwimitha cosmic kunye elanga. izifundo NASA baye baqinisekisa ukuba kukho amanzi on Mars. umhlaba Mars kwi parameters efanayo Earth. Kwi Mars, kukho indawo, imbonakalo kunye neemeko zendalo ezifanayo emhlabeni.

Ngokwendalo, umahluko phakathi iiplanethi inkulu kakhulu kwaye i okubaluleke kakhulu. Umahluko pepper esifutshane - amaxesha-2 ngaphantsi kwe amandla womxhuzulane, izinga eliphantsi, ukunqongophala amandla elanga, womoya ephantsi kunye imagnethi obuthathaka, amanqanaba aphezulu radiation - ubungqina bokuba abaziqhelileyo earthlings ubomi kwiMars ayikho kodwa kunokwenzeka.