Ngowuphi umnyaka ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eBudennovsk?

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lububi obukhulu obuye bade bayixela amawaka abantu. Ilizwe lethu kunye nale nkcazo kwimbonakalo yayo embi kakhulu kunye neyobukhulu kufuneka ibhekane nama-90 ekhulwini lokugqibela. Kuze kube ngoku, izigidi zabantu baseRussia zikhumbula iziganeko ezenzekayo nakwiiCzech, ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwesigebengu kwisibhedlele saseBudennovsk.

Ngaphambili

Ekupheleni kuka-1994, umkhosi waseRashiya waqalisa ukusebenza ukukhupha izixhobo zokubamba i-bandit esebenza e-Chechnya. Ekuphenduleni kwezi zenzo, ama-ambassador akha iqela elikhokelwa ngu-Basayev, kwaye wathengela iziqhumane kunye nezixhobo.

Injongo yayikuqhuba uchungechunge lokuhlaselwa kwimibutho kunye nabahlali bendawo. Imizi ekhethekileyo yaseRussia yamiselwa ukuhlaselwa. Ukuqokwa kwahlulwa ngamacandelo amancinci, elowo lafumana umsebenzi walo.

Amajoni, esebenzisa njengesixhobo soxinzelelo kubasemagunyeni abasemagunyeni ukuba bambambe inani elikhulu lokubamba amaxhoba, befuna ngale ndlela ukuba bafumane ukuzimela kweRiphabhlikhi yaseChechen kunye nokuhlukana ngokupheleleyo kwabo baseRussia. Njengenye yeethagethi eziphambili zokuhlaselwa, isixeko saseBudennovsk sanyulwa. Isenzo segorhagi (iifoto ezithathwe kwimeko, jonga ngezantsi) zilungiswe ngokucophelela, kwaye zonke izenzo zamasosha zicatshulwa kakuhle.

Ukuhlaselwa kwi-ROVD

Ngomhla ka-Juni 14, 1995, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-160 kwiimoto ezintathu ze-KamAZ zaza zavela eBudennovsk. Baye bahamba kunye nemoto yeVAZ-2106, ibuyisiwe kwaye yaguqulwa kwipolisa yamapolisa. Iqela lamasundu lalikhokelwa nguBashayev ngokwakhe.

Xa ikholomu yadlula iBudennovsk, iKanz yokugqibela yema kwiidolophane zaseStvropol ne-International, kungekudala kwakhiwo samapolisa. Emva kokudubula amapolisa amabini ezithuthi, ama-bandits aya ku-Budennovskoye i-ROVD. Amanye amajektri afika apho. Bavutha umlilo kwisakhiwo kwizixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye nabaqhubi be-grenade, baza bangena kuwo baza baqalisa ukutshayela emacaleni kunye neengcango zeeofisi. Ngenxa yoko, amapolisa amaningana, igqwetha kunye nomhlali wendawo ababuleweyo. Amagosa amabini e-ATS akhatywe. Idabi yahlala malunga nekota yeyure, emva koko amajoni abuyela kwiimoto zawo, athatha abasebenzi abambalwa bepasipoti kunye ne-visa yesebe, i-buffet kunye neendwendwe zesebe lesithili phakathi kwabantu abahlali.

Ukuhlaselwa kwisakhiwo solawulo

Ngexesha apho ulwazi lokuqala malunga neziganeko ezaza zaziwa ngokuba "ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eBudyonnovsk" zafika eMoscow, iqela likaBayeyev seliyifumene loo mzi. Emva kokusabalalisa ezitratweni, abahlaseli bezemoto bafudukela kwisikwere kwinqanaba lasePushkinskaya nase-Oktyabrskaya ezitratweni, apho kwakukho iholo leedolophu. Uninzi lwabaqhankqalazi lwaqhekeza kulo kwaye lwabamba amagosa kunye neendwendwe ezazilapho. Amanye a magorha ahlasele isebe lomlilo, i-Children's Creativity House, kunye nezakhiwo zokufakela izakhiwo, i-Promstroibank, i-Sberbank, izikolo zezokwelapha kunye neminye imibutho ecaleni kolawulo lweedolophu. Ukuhamba ngezitrato zaseBudennovsk kunye neVAZ-2106 imoto eyayifakelwe imoto ye-Automobile Inspection, ama-bandits atshabalalisa kwizakhiwo zolawulo, izithuthi, amakhaya abucala kunye nabadlulileyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-13: 30, kwindawo yokuwela iLenin ne-Krasnaya izitalato kunye nokuqhuma kwesibhamu somshishini waseKalashnikov kunye nesibhamu somshishini, izigloglo zabulala amapolisa amabini kwaye zalimala elinye igosa le-ATS.

Isibhedlele

Ngehora le-15 ii-bandits ezenza ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eBudyonnovsk sele zathatha ama-600 abanjwa. Bayibekwe kwi-tank yezimoto kunye nepetroli, besongela ukuyivuthela xa kwenzeka nayiphi na inzame yokukhulula abathunjiweyo.

Emva kokwakha amaxhoba kwikholam, ama-ambulensi ashukuthela kwisibhedlele sasezidolophini. Ngelo xesha kwakukho abantu abayi-1100 - izigulane, kunye noogqirha nabasebenzi abaphakathi kwabasebenzi.

Endleleni eya kwikholam, ama-militants abulala abo bazama ukumelana. Abantu abayi-100 bafa.

Emva kokubamba isibhedlele, izigubhu zatshitshisa iifestile phantsi kwendawo apho amahostela ayehlala khona, kunye nesitishi se-oxygen.

Ukumisa zonke iinzame zokungathobeli, ama-ambulensi akhethe amadoda angama-6 avela kulabo abo babambelela ngamandla, kwaye wahlela umzekelo omhle entendelezweni yeziko lempilo.

Isenzo sesigebengu eBuryonnovsk: imeko ngokuhlwa ngoJuni 15, 1995

Ngenxa yezenzo zeqela leBayeyev kwisixeko, amanzi kunye negesi zanikezelwa, ukuxhunywa kwefowuni kwaphela, izitrato zachithwa, ukutya kunye nezoshishino zoshishino, izikolo, amaziko olawulo kunye nabantwana bokufundela abantwana bayekezela umsebenzi wabo.

Izigulane ezincinci kunye nabantu abadala kakhulu esibhedlele zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Abakwazanga ukubonelela ngononophelo lwonyango oluyimfuneko. Ngenxa yoko, kwanokufa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuzalwa kwabantwana abafileyo babhalwa ngabafazi abakhulelweyo ngelo xesha esibhedlele.

Iimfuno ezibekwe nguShamil Basayev

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, ukuhlaselwa kwamagorha e-Budyonnovsk bekujolise ekunyanzelekeni abaphathi be-federal baseRussian Federation. Iimfuno eziphambili ezibhekiswe phambili nguBayeyev ziyeke ukuxhatshazwa kwintsimi yaseChechnya kunye nokuqala kokuxoxisana noD. Dudayev. Kubonakala ukuba, wayekholelwa ukuba wenza into enhle kubantu bakhe, kodwa iindlela awayezikhethileyo azikwazi ukuzenza.

Ekubeni umshicileli akazange afike ngexesha elimisiweyo, amaphekula, njengoko athembisile ngaphambili, atyhile enye yee-hostages, kwaye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa.

Ngo-20: 00 ngoJuni 15, iilatheli zazisetyenziselwa esibhedlele. Emva kwengqungquthela yeenkomfa, uSamsil Basayev wagxotha bonke.

Imicimbi kaJuni 16

Ngeli-16: 00 ngexesha leMoscow, isitatimende sathunyelwa yi-RF uNkulumbuso u-Viktor Chernomyrdin kwi-radiyo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo ukuvalwa komlilo ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi yeCzech Republic. Ngaloo mini, iindwendwe zafika eGrozny zaza zaqalisa iingxoxo ekumiseni uxolo, njengoko iBasayev yafuna.

Isiqhwenga ngoJuni 17

Nangona iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 idlulile ukususela emva kweziganeko ezichazwe, iimpikiswano malunga nesantya sokusola nje kuphela kwalabo abenza ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eBudyonnovsk, kodwa kunye nabaphathi baseRussia kunye nabameli bee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ezikhokelela ekusebenziseni ukukhululwa kwabathinjwa abazange bancedise. Ngokukodwa, kukho uluvo lokuba amaninzi amaxhoba ayenakuphetshwa ukuba kwakungekho yinto yokuphumelela ukubethelwa kwesakhiwo esibhedlele yimimandla ekhethekileyo ye-FSB kunye noMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi yaseRussia ekuqaleni kweYuni 17.

Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa, umlawuli weqela elikhethekileyo u-Alfa, uMnuz V. Solovov, wafa. Into eye yafunyanwa yinto yokukhutshwa kwe nxalenye yamagosa, awayegcinwa kwi-traum ephazamisekanga kunye namasebe e-neurology.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isibhedlele asiyi kususwa kuma-militri, iintloko zentsebenzo ekhethekileyo zithunyelwe kuBayeyev abaxubushelana, phakathi kwabo u-Anatoly Kashpirovsky wangena.

Ingxoxo ngoJuni 18

Isenzo sesigebengu eBurennovsk (1995) sangena kwisigaba sokugqibela emva kokuba uViktor Chernomyrdin axhumane noBasayev ekuseni . Wenza ukulungelelanisa kuzo zonke iindawo, ngoko ngemini ama-terrorist akhulula iqela lokuqala lokubamba.

Nge-19: 00, uBayeyev wayefuna ukuba iibhasi ezithandathu zifakwe kwisakhiwo esibhedlele, apho yena, kunye nabantu bakhe, beya kubuya eChechnya phantsi koogqithwa.

Juni 19-20

Ngo-5: 15 ekuseni, isidingo sikaBashayev sazaliseka. Ukongeza kwiibhasi ezintathu ze-ikarasi, isiqandisiso kunye nokutya saziswa kwisakhiwo apho izigubungela kunye namaxhoba atholakala khona. Iiyure ezine emva koko, iBayeyev yazisa abaxubushelana uludwe lweentatheli ezamenywa kwingqungquthela yenkomfa. Iqela elibandakanya abameli beendaba libandakanya iincwadi ze-CBB kunye ne-BBC, "iindaba ze-TV zehlabathi", i-ORT, i-NTV, i-Rossiyskaya Gazeta ne-Der Spiegel.

Ngo-11: 30 amaBhayayevites acetyise ukuba aba bathathi beendaba bahambe nabo xa bebuyela eKecchnya ngokuzithandela. Abantu abangamashumi amabini bavumelana. Baye bahlanganiswa ngamagosa amathathu abantu baseRussia Federation kunye nabameli abaningana bolawulo lwengingqi kunye neengingqi. Ukongezelela, izigubungela zihleli ezingama-123 abantu abahlala kwiibhasi. Nge-17: 00 i-convoy phantsi kolawulo lukaBashayev washiya iBudennovsk.

Ngomhla ka-20 kuJune, kwafika kwintsimi yaseChechnya. Amaphekula agcina ilizwi lawo aze akhulule onke amaxhoba. Emva koko zinyamalala, zahlula kumaqela amaninzi.

Ekugqibeleni kwaziwa ukuba iibhasi ezinikezelwa kubagubungela zazingcatshiswa yimigodi elawulwa ngomsakazo. Kwakujoliswe ukuba kubangele ukuba ama-militants akhulule ama-hostage endleleni e-Chechnya.

Ukuhlaselwa kwamagorha eBudyonnovsk: iziphumo

Inkxwaleko eyenzeka ngoJuni 14-19, 1995, yazamazama iRashiya. NgoJuni 22 kwavakaliswa ngomhla wokulila kwabafileyo, inani lawo ngeli xesha laqhubeka licacisa.

Isenzo sobutyhafu sabangela ukutyunjwa kweSekela likaNdunankulu waseRussia Federation, uMphathiswa weSizwe uN. Egorov, intloko ye-FSB S. Stepashin, intloko yeSebe loMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi V. U-Erin kunye neRhuluneli we-Stavropol Territory E. Kuznetsov.

Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuhlaselwa kwamagorha e-Budyonnovsk (ngokufutshane ukulandelelana kweziganeko ezichazwe ngasentla) kuthiwa baphila abantu abangama-129 ukuya kuma-147, iindawo ezintathu ezikhethekileyo, iipolisa ezilishumi elinesibhozo, kunye nabasebenzi basebhedlele abahlanu. 415 abantu balimala. Iimoto ezingama-198 zatshatyalaliswa (zatshiswa kwaye zonakaliswe), izigubungela zibeka umlilo kwiNdlu yoBuncwane boBantwana, umonakalo omkhulu wenziwa kwizakhiwo zesibhedlele sasezidolophini, iCandelo loLawulo lwangaphakathi kunye nolawulo lweSixeko. Iimakhaya ezizimeleyo ezingama-107 nazo zonakaliswe. Umonakalo wonkcitho ngokwemali ugqithise ama-ruble angama-95 ayi-billion.

Emva kweziganeko ezichazwe, i-State Duma yeRashiya yaseYurophu yamkela uMthetho wokuPhikisana noBugcisa. Ngokwale xwebhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko, amagunya asekuhlaleni naseburhulumenteni, kunye nawaphi na amanye amabhunga karhulumente avunyelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamabhentshi. Ngelo xesha, kuqhubeka kungqubuzana ukuba ukuba lo myalelo wamukelwa ngaphambili, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ugweme ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi njengoluhlaselo lwamagogasi eBudyonnovsk. Xa kwakukho ukuthatha i-hostage-Dubrovka, abaququzeleli bayo sele beqonda ukuba abayi kukwazi ukuhamba bephila. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kubenqande.

Ngoku uyazi, ngowomnyaka bekukho ukuhlaselwa eBudennovsk kwaye ngubani owenze. Omnye unokuthemba nje ukuba oku akusayi kuphinda kwenzeke kwaye utshintsho kwimpilo yezopolitiko, yentlalontle okanye yentlalontle yoluntu iya kwenzeka ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kungekhona ngenxa yezopolitiko kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abangenacala.