Harmonic oscillator: Iintlobo nemisebenzi

inkqubela kwezobugcisa lwenziwa ngalo isifundo ophathekayo, ezifunyaniswe entsimini quantum kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ngelo xesha ngokuqulunqa izixhobo ezitsha kunye izincedisi, apho kunokwenzeka ukwenza izifundo ezahlukeneyo nokucacisa izenzakalo le microworld. Enye bobobuchule a oscillator harmonic, umgaqo amanyathelo yaziwa ukususela abameli yamandulo.

Icebo neentlobo zayo

Oscillator harmonic - umatshini ityhalela phambili, ichazwa yi inxaki lo yomgama okuza umehluko kunye ixabiso rhoqo. Imizekelo elula zixhobo ezinjalo - umthwalo emthonjeni, inkqubo pendulum Acoustic, isindululo lweentlobo omzimba kwakunye nabanye.

Ngokwemibandela uyakwazi ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zilandelayo izixhobo:

• A oscillator harmonic elula - apha kwinkqubo xa zisuswe kwindawo lokuphumla phantsi amanyathelo zemikhosi F, nabanako oluvakaliswe ifomula F = -kx, apho k - intwasahlobo lomgadi nkqubo, x - neyalo. Uthe ngoko F amaqela kuphela ochaphazela oscillations.
• Linear oscillator harmonic - apha isindululo yi-moya behamba endleleni ngqo. Kwakhona, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba oscillations-liyajikeleza kwenzeka phantsi inyathelo miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela ilastiki indalo.
• Kobungxowa imodeli - apha kwinkqubo kwakhona kuchaphazela umkhosi zochuku, nto leyo sibhekiswe ukuhamba kwaye wenze ngokomlinganiselo ngesantya intlokoma. Kule nkqubo damping uqobo iphawulwa parameter ngokuba akukho icala, wabiza Q factor. Le ixabiso lepropati inkqubo egqiba umlinganiselo wamandla egcinwe kwilahleko yayo kwelinye ixesha oscillation.

Ukusetyenziswa kwefowuni

Esi sixhobo lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ingakumbi ukufunda uhlobo lweenkqubo oscillatory. Le oscillator harmonic quantum asetyenziswe isifundo yokuziphatha ziluhlaza izinto. Iziphumo ze-eksperimenti zingasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, yemvelo evela American Institute wafumanisa ukuba athom beryllium ime kumgama enkulu kangangoko enye kwenye, angasebenzisana kumgangatho quantum. Ukuziphatha ezi amasuntswana ezifana imizimba (iibhola metal) kwi-macro, lihamba ngendlela nelo oscillator okuqhubekayo-returnable harmonic. Beryllium ion, nangona imigama ezinkulu umzimba, iiyunithi exchange amandla usezantsi (ufaka isicelo). Le lokufumanisa ivumela ukukhuthaza IT-technologies, yaye inika isisombululo esitsha ukuvelisa izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye neeletroniki ezithengiswayo.

Le oscillator harmonic isetyenziswa ekuphononongeni Ukuqamba zomculo. Le ndlela kuthiwa izifundo spectroscopic. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba inkqubo kakhulu ezinzileyo sisincoko leemvumi ezine (q). Kunye nemisebenzi ezaziphila lingama anharmonicity.