I-Museum ye-Science Museum iyindawo eyaziwayo yesayensi

Indalo yemveli edumile uDokoutchaev isoloko ibandakanyeka ngokubaluleka kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kolwazi kumhlaba. Ngombulelo kwimigudu yakhe, iMyuziyamu yokuqala yeNzululwazi yoMhlaba yayilungelelwe kuphela eRashiya, kodwa kwihlabathi lonke. ISt. Petersburg yaqala ukukhangela kuphela abaqhelanisi bezobugcisa, kodwa kunye nososayensi.

Iinjongo ezilungileyo

Imisebenzi yeziko elimiselweyo yilezi zilandelayo: ukuphuhliswa kohlobo lwezesayensi zendalo zeentlobo kunye nokuqokelela ukuqokelelwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwenhlabathi yaseRashiya kunye nezantsi. Oku, ngokutsho kukaDokuchaev, kwakufuneka kugcwalise i-gap ebaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi kunye nokuphakamisa umgangatho wenzululwazi yomhlaba.

Imyuziyam yoMhlaba yeSayensi yavula iingcango zayo ngo-1904. Imiboniso yokuqala kwakukho ikopi kwiingqokelela zikaDokuchaev ngokwakhe, owaye wabonakalisa kwiidolophu ezininzi zaseRashiya, kunye naseChicago naseParis.

Impawu zokubonisa

Eyona nxalenye ephambili yomboniso kwakunokwenzeka ukuba uqhelane nemimiselo yomhlaba njengokwakhiwa kwemvelo, kunye nakwamacandelo asele - kunye neziganeko zayo ezithile kwimimandla ethile yendalo yelizwe laseYurophu yelizwe. Ummandla ngamnye wawumelelwe nge-monolith encinci yomhlaba oqhelekileyo kule mimandla.

Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuba khona kwayo, iMyuziyam yoLwazi lweNzululwazi iye yadlala indima yeziko elikhulu lezesayensi kwilizwe. Okwangoku, i-laboratory yokuhlalutya kunye nelayibrari.

Utshintsho

Ngomnyaka we-1917, iMyuziyam yoLwazi lweNzululwazi yayifakwe kwisebe lomhlaba, elivulekileyo kwiKhomishoni engapheliyo yoFundo lweeMveliso zoLuntu eziMveliso zeSoviet Union. 1925 yaphawulwa ngokuvulwa komboniso phantsi kolawulo lweBol Polynov. Kwiindawo ezibonakalisiweyo zemboniso, kwavulwa amasebe abonakalisa iinkalo zeenkqubo zokubunjwa komhlaba kunye nemozulu, emele ukuqokelela ngokuqokelelwa kwee-monolithi zehlabathi kwimimandla yaseYurophu nase-Asia yeNyunyana. Ngelo xesha, iMyuziyam yoLwazi lweNzululwazi yongezwa yecandelo lembali.

New Horizons

Ndiyabulela umbutho we-Soil Institute, kwaba lula ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuphuhlisa iMyuziyam yoLwazi lweNzululwazi. Ngexesha lokwakha kabusha, amasebe amathathu atyunjwe: i-pedagogical, systematic and demonstration. Kulo mva kwakukho isebe lokuqala kunye nomhlaba. Zonke izityalo zemvelo kunye nendima yazo ekubunjweni komhlaba zaziqwalaselwa ngendlela echanekileyo.

Ngomnyaka we-1946, umgidi wokuzalwa kukaVasily Dokuchaev wayegubha iminyaka eyikhulu. Ukuzukiswa kwesi sikhungo kwaqanjwa ngokuthi iMicrosoft Museum yeSayensi yeNzululwazi. V.V. Dokuchaev.

UZinaida Shokalskaya wathatha ukuphuhliswa kwesicwangciso esitsha salo mboniso. Oku kwakukho ngo-1950. Njengomphumo womsebenzi onzima, inani leentlanzi kunye nemveliso yokuqhathaniswa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba zandisiwe.

Imiboniso yamanje

Okwangoku, iMyuziyam yoLwazi lweNzululwazi iyavumela iindwendwe zayo ukuba zifunde malunga nomhlaba njengomzimba okhethekileyo wendalo, ziphi iimpawu eziphilayo kunye neendawo zendalo zayo, kwaye ichaza nokuphulwa kunye nokukhuselwa kwesikhokelo somhlaba, ukuguqulwa kwayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ulwazi kwicandelo ngalinye lifakwe ngolu hlobo lwezakhiwo zobugcisa. Ezi zilandelayo ziquka idatha yenzululwazi kwifayile ecacileyo, ifomati kunye nedijithali. Izinto zezobugcisa zimelelwa yimifanekiso, i-herbarium, i-dioramas, imifanekiso kunye nokupenda kwendawo.

Imiboniso ebonakalayo yemyuziyam, ke, i-monolith yomhlaba. Ziziqendu zomhlaba kunye nesakhiwo sendalo ngendlela ye-prism. Ububanzi bawo buyi-22 cm, ubude buyingamitha enye. Okwangoku, ukubonakaliswa kumelwa ngama-332.

Iqoqo eliyisiseko:

- monoliths, ukubonakalisa umquba womhlaba weplanethi;

Inhlabathi ehlwayelwe;

- Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona;

- Ibuyiswe kwakhona;

Inhlabathi ephazamisayo yendalo.

Phakathi kwemiboniso ekhethekileyo ngumhlaba womhlaba onomlinganiselo we-1 m 20 cm, i-monolith eyi-125 yamashumi eminyaka ubudala, i-monctith ye-octagonal 170 cm ephakamileyo ukusuka kwiCentral Chernozem Reserve "eStletletskaya Step" (esifundeni saseKursk).

Izihlandlo

I-Museum yaseScience Science (iSt. Petersburg) inikeza iinkqubo zemfundo enomdla kubafundi besikolo, abafundi kunye nabo bonke abanomdla kwiimfihlelo zehlabathi elijikelezile. Ngoko, abantwana besikolo nabantwana abasesikolweni banokukwazi ukuchasene nempembelelo yemozulu, izityalo kunye nomhlaba kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, izithethe kunye nemasiko yabantu abahlukeneyo xa bebukela iimifanekiso eziphathekayo. Kwakhona, abasebenzi baseMyuziyam baququzelela iiklasi eziphambili ekuveliseni izicelo ezivela kwimbewu yezityalo ezikhulayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Akumangalisi ukuba nabantwana abaselula bavakashela iMyuziyam yoLwazi lweNzululwazi ngenomdla. Olunye uhambo, elinye ixesha apho abantwana bezitholela ngaphakathi emzimbeni baze baqhelane neziganeko zobomi babemi balo. Emva kohambo olumnandi ukujonga, kukho iipatto njenge "IsiXeko seBhaktheriya", "Uhambo loMhlaba womhlaba" kunye ne "Super Drops Run to Help."

Abafundi besikolo esipondari baya kuba nomdla kwiihambo "uMhlaba-Umhlengikazi", "Yintoni umhlaba?", "Ubuso obungaphantsi komhlaba" kunye ne "Zendalo zendalo". Abafundi abakhulu nabafundi - "iSigrament of Fertility", "Umhlaba waseRashiya", "Isiqwenga seShagreen sePlanet" nabanye abaninzi.

Iholide ekhethekileyo

Kwiminyaka emininzi, uye wavuya kakhulu kwiindwendwe kwaye yanceda ukuhlola ihlabathi malunga neMyuziyam. Umhla wokuzalwa kwesikhungo ngo-2014 uyimfuneko, kuba leziko lenzululwazi lineminyaka eyi-100 ubudala.

Imodi yokusebenza

I-Museum of Soil Museum ivula iingcango zayo ngo-10 ekuseni, kwaye ivala ngo-5 ngokuhlwa. NgoLwesibini, unokutyelela eli ziko ngaphandle kokuqeshwa kwaye ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Ukuvakasha akunikezelwa ngalo mhla. NgoMgqibelo nangeCawa ngeeveki.