I-Spermatogenesis yintoni?

I-Spermatogenesis yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi emzimbeni womntu, ngexesha apho kwakhiwa i-spermatozoa kwi-gonocytes Ngethuba lokukhula kwelokuba isigaba sayo esinzulu sokuphuhliswa siqala, kwaye inkqubo ngokwayo iyaqhubeka ide igugile. Umjikelezo opheleleyo ophuhliso lophuhliso lwesilisa lwenziwa ngokwesilinganiso emva kweenyanga ezintathu.

Kusemzimbeni yizinto eziphathekayo zomzimba zomntu. Ukongeza, nayiphi na isigaba ebomini besini esomeleleyo sichaphazela ukuzala kwakhe. Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo apho kusetyenziswa khona iiseli ze-spermatogenesis, umntu kufuneka aphathwe ngayo yonke ingxaki.

Inyaniso enomdla: imihla ngemihla kumathambo anama-200 yezigidi ze-spermatozoa, kwaye isebenze kwisiqingatha, malunga ne-100 million spermatozoa.

Izigaba

Le nkqubo, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo komzimba wesilisa, ihlulwe zibe zigaba ezintathu eziphambili ze-spermatogenesis:

• Isigaba sokuqala sokuphuhliswa kuthiwa i-mitosis. Ngeli thuba, kukho ukwanda kweeseli ezinamabala ezitshatyalazi zesini, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-testes.
• Ngexesha lesibini, iqela elithile leeseli liguqulwa libe yi-spermatocytes yokuqala. Emva koko inani labo landa, kwaye emva kwexesha elifutshane bangena kwisigaba se-meiosis yokuqala.
• Kwinqanaba elilandelayo le nkqubo, iiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-spermatocytes yesibini kwindlela ebonakalayo. Ifomu yeSpermatids kubo. Kwaye sele sele ziguqulwa zibe yi-spermatozoa ngenxa yeenguqu ezithile.

Imisebenzi yamaseli aseSertoli

I-Spermatogenesis yinkqubo apho iiseli zisondelelene kunye neeseli ze-sertoli ezenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Yakha indawo efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa kwe "tadpoles" indawo;
• Ukuvelisa umbane othatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni kwamathambo;
• I-oxygen yezothutho kunye nezondlo kwiiseli;
• Hlanganisa iprotheni ebophayo ehambisa i-testosterone kwiiseli ze-spermatogenesis.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ye-spermatogenesis iyinto ende kwaye inzima, kwaye ukuveliswa kwayo kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wendalo yonke. Ukuba umntu uphilile, ngoko, ngokufanelekileyo, unesidoda esihle. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? Umgangatho wesilisa unombolo enkulu ye-spermatozoa.

Olunye uphawu lwesipermatogenesis

Ukwahlukana kwama-chromosomes ngeli xesha kulungelelaniso olulodwa. Xa utshintsho lwe-spermatocyte lwenzeka, i-chromosomes ezingama-46 zihlulwe zibe zimbini. Ngaloo ndlela, i-chromosomes abazali bayayidlula, i-23 yayo iya kwelinye igumbi le-spermatid, kwaye esinye isiqingatha sibe sesinye. Ngako oko, i-future fetus ine-50% yedatha evela kubaba kunye ne-50% kamama.

Izinto ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-spermatogenesis

I-Spermatogenesis yinkqubo exhomekeke kwimpembelelo yendalo. Akumangalisi ukuba kwinqanaba ngalinye lophuhliso lwe-spermatozoa lunokubangelwa yimimiselo engathandekiyo.

Okokuqala, izinto eziphambili kule nkqubo eyingqamleleyo yileqondo lokushisa kunye nempembelelo yendalo, ngaphezu koko, indlela yokuphila enokubakhokela ngayo ibalulekile.

Ukushisa okumkelekileyo kwe-spermatogenesis ngu-34 ° C. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwi-scrotum yindoda enjalo iqondo lokushisa ligcinwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi oluchanekileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, nangenxa yokushisa komzimba ophezulu ngexesha lokugula okuncinci, izibalo zobuninzi zingase zinciphise kakhulu. Iingcali azicebisi izimoto ukuba zisebenzise ukufudumeza kwetrone, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukungonakaliswa komgangatho wesilisa.

Ukongeza kwiqondo lokushisa, ukusinda kwe-spermatozoa kuthonywe ezinye izinto.

Ukuxinezeleka, i-antibiotics, i-steroids, ukungaphumeleli kwe-hormone-konke oku kunokuchaphazela umsebenzi obalulekileyo wesilisa kunye nomgangatho wesilisa. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokukhulelwa komntwana akukhuthazwa ukuba athathe nayiphi na imithi, ukhathazeka, sebenzisa i-steroids.

Yintoni i-spermatogenesis kumadoda ithembele kuyo?

Nangenxa yomoya ocolileyo emoyeni, isantya sokunyakaza kwe-spermatozoa sinokuhla. Kwaye ukudibanisa kunye nokuhlala rhoqo kunye nokulungiselela amakhemikhali kunokuba sisihlandlo soxinzelelo lwexeshana.

Ukuba ixesha elide isibini asifumani umntwana, ngoko kuqala qhasela umntu. Uthatha isambulo sokuhlalutya, okubizwa ngokuba yi "spermogram".

Izalathisi zezempilo ze-spermatozoa

Ngomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuphuhliswa komzimba wesilisa, inani le-sperm nge ml ye-sperm kufuneka liba malunga nezigidi ezingama-20. Inani le-spermatozoa elifanelekileyo linokulingana nesiqingatha senani labo lilonke. Kodwa nangomzimba onempilo kunokuthi kube ne-spermatozoa engasebenzi, engekho ukuphambuka.

Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba umgangatho wesilisa udla ngokuxhomekeka kwizifo ze-somatic zabantu. Ngokomzekelo, iintliziyo kunye nezifo zengxubevange, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nezifo zesikhumba zibuhlungu nakakhulu iiseli ze-spermatogenesis.

Oososayensi base-Australia bafumanisa ukuba ubudlelwane obusondeleyo imihla ngemihla buchaphazela umgangatho wesilisa. Abo ba landela le ngcebiso bafumanisa ukuba izinga le-DNA ewonakele liye lahla ngo-20%. Abaphandi bachaza oku ngenxa yokuba ukungabikho kwe-DNA yesilwanyana kwalimala, kwaye kunye nesondo ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphoso ezinjalo azifumaneki.

Nangona ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, abanye oogqirha bancomela iintsuku eziliqela ukuba bayeke ukulala ngesondo. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuxinwa kwe-spermatozoa esebenzayo.

Ukukhuthazwa kwe-spermatogenesis

Iimanani zehlabathi ukuza kutsho namhlanje kukuba ipesenti yabantu abahluphekayo ukungabikho kwengqondo kuphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Wonke umntu wesibini ngethuba elithile okanye engunaphakade. Yaye le ngxaki yangempela, ekubeni ngaphandle kwendoda, kwanokuba inkqubo yokuchumisa i-extracorporeal isingenakwenzeka. Uphononongo lokungabikho kwindoda kumntu alithathi ixesha elide, ngokungafani nesiqingatha sesibini sabantu. Musa ukoyika oogqirha, kuba lichaphazela ukukwazi ukuba nabantwana.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngexesha. Ugqirha uya kucebisa ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi ethile ejolise ekukhuthazeni i-spermatogenesis.

I-Spermatogenesis yinkqubo enzima ukuyibuyisela kwakhona. Ukuqala, indoda iya kufuneka ihlolisiswe ngokupheleleyo kunye neengcali kwaye idlulise i-spermogram - uhlalutyo olunzulu lwe-ejaculate, elisetyenziselwa ukuseka ukuzala, ukufumanisa izifo kunye neengxaki ze-hormonal. Kwakhona, ukuveliswa kwembewu kunokunyuswa ngokuqwalasela indlela ethile, equka iinkqubo zonyango kunye namayeza. Ezi zilandelayo ziquka i-gonadotropins - i-hormone elawula umsebenzi weengcingo zesini.

Impembelelo yamahomoni emzimbeni iya kuxutyushwa ngokubanzi ngezantsi.

Imigaqo eyisiseko yokubuyisela i-spermatogenesis

Ukubuyisela umsebenzi wesilisa kunokwenzeka kwaye iindlela ezilula ezingafuneki umgudu onzima. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukuhambelana nomgangatho wokushisa ophezulu: ubungqina bungaqhelani;
• Ukukhanyela kwimikhwa emibi (ukutshaya, ukusela iziyobisi);
• Ukulungiswa kwesondlo, okungekho ngaphandle kwemveliso eyingozi kumadoda;
• Ukulahlwa kweemveliso eziqulethe izithako kunye nabakhuphisi bokunambitha;
• Akukhuthazwa ukuba usebenze ngezinto ezinobuthi;
• Ukulahlwa kwee-antibiotics kunye nama-antihistamines. Kwaye ngokubanzi, ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kwe-spermatogenesis, kungcono ukuyeka ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imishanguzo.

Yintoni enefuthe elihle kwi-spermatogenesis? Ewe, ukutya okunempilo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo.

Imveliso ...

Ukutya okunye kuqukethe iivithamini ezikunceda ukwandisa ukuzala kwesondo esomeleleyo. Ngokukodwa, ba ndakanya:

• I-avovoc. Iqukethe iivithamini E kunye ne-B6, kunye ne-folic acid. Bamisa umsebenzi we-hormonal system kwaye banyusa i-libido.
• Iigrafu ezihlaza kunye ne-asparagus. I-Vitamin C, equlethwe kule mveliso, yandisa ukuhamba kwe-spermatozoa.
• Utamatisi, umvini obomvu, i-watermelon. Isithako sazo si-lycopene, okwandisa umsebenzi we "tadpoles."
• Imbewu yempuphu, i-oatmeal, amaqanda, i-oyster, iinqatha. I-Zinc, equlethwe kuyo, ikhulisa inani lembewu.
• Garlic. I-Selenium, ifakwe kwisakhiwo sayo, ikhusela i-spermatozoa kumonakalo kwaye iphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ginger. Ichaphazela ukukhuthazwa kwemveliso yesilisa.

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekutya okuqukethe i-folic acid. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-spermatogenesis. Ngokwenani elikhulu, i-folic acid ifumaneka kwi-citrus, beetroot, ithanga, ingqolowa, i-lentils, iimbotyi. Kuvela ukuba unokulungelelanisa ukutya kwakho ukuze umgangatho wesilisa uphucule ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Yintoni ekhusela inkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-spermatogenesis?

Utywala lwandisa izinga lama-hormone wesini. Ngoko ke, ukuba umsebenzi wokuzala ubalulekile kumntu, kufuneka ayeke ukusebenzisa utywala. Ukubhema kuphazamisa nempembelelo yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwesilisa.

Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa iklabishi, i-wheat bran kunye nemifuno ye-cruciferous, enegalelo ekuveliseni i-estrogens. Ukutya okunamafutha kuyingozi kakhulu. I-meat fried, i-mayonnaise, isinqumelo, i-ice cream ziintshaba zangempela kwinkqubo yokuzala.

Konke oku kunokubangela ukuphulwa kwe-spermatogenesis.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba inani le-spermatozoa liyancipha kwixesha lekwindla nakusibusika, kwaye ehlobo bahamba ngokunyuka. Ngoko ke, ngokwemibare, ukukhulelwa kudlula ngaphezulu ehlobo, kunokuba kusebusika.

Idatha ekhethekileyo kwi-spermatozoa

• Ngexesha elilodwa lokunyuka kwexesha, malunga nesiqingatha sepuni yebuni iphuma.
• Intloko ye-spermatozoon iqukethe i-acrosome. Le vialane vial iqukethe iikhemikhali ezinamandla kunokuba zichithe iigobolondo zeqanda ukuze zingene kuyo.
• Emva kokunyuka, i-spermatozoa inokuhlala emzimbeni womfazi ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-7.
• Ijubane lesidoda ngexesha lexesha lokunyusa li malunga ne-70-80 km / h.
• Nge-IVF (in vitro fertilization), isidoda esifileyo singenza umntwana ophilayo. Oku kuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba ngokuchumisa okunjalo, kuphela i-DNA ngaphakathi kuyo kubalulekile.
• I-Spermatozoa yenziwa yonke imihla ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
• "Iifadu" zihambela ngoku ngoku ngenxa ye "umsila" ojikelezayo.

Isiphelo

Kwiiklinikhi ezizodwa, ukukhuthazwa kwama-hormonal of spermatogenesis kwenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, akusoloko ukunika isiphumo esisigxina nesigxina. Ngamanye amayeza amayeza anciphisa ezinye iinkqubo zangasese emzimbeni. Ukufumana ukuqiniswa kwama-hormone ukusuka ngaphandle, ingqondo ayiyi kuphinda ivelise i-testosterone yayo. Kwaye oku kuphawu lwesifo se-spermatogenesis siza kuba sibi kakhulu.

Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, xa umntu ethandana ixesha elide, ingqondo yakhe iqala ukuvelisa inani elikhulu lamahomoni, kwiinkqubo ezininzi kuwo wonke umzimba, kuquka i-spermatogenesis, ziphuculwe. Unokucebisa amadoda ukuba aphucule ukuzala kwabo ngakumbi ukuba bathande isiqingatha sabo sesibini.