I-Vetch isityalo kwisityalo seentsundu. Inkcazo, iimpahla, ukulima

Iimvumi ezininzi sele zide zizityalo ezizithandayo kwisayithi. Abagcini nje ukunika isivuno esimnandi, kodwa, njengokuba saziwa, kucebisa umhlaba nge nitrogen ngoncedo lwebhakteria ekhethekileyo kwiingcambu. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abantu abazi igama lezityalo. Ziyimihlathi emininzi yeentyityalo zezimbali - Vic. Isityalo (ifoto, imbewu, esiyicingayo kwinqaku) liyaziwa ngokuba yimifuno yegundane - ukutsalwa kweembotyi, iimbotyi - vika fava. Ukongezelela, baninzi abanye abamele, basetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezityalo zokutya nokutya.

I-Vick's genus (peas)

I-genus iqulethe ngeentlobo ezili-140 zezityalo, ikhaya elikuyo eMzantsi Melika, eYurophu nakuMntla Afrika. Ngeemeko zendalo iifolo zikhula kwizikhukhula zeemilambo, kwiindlala ezikhukhula kunye neminqatha, kwi-steppes. Ubunzima obuninzi buyizityalo ezingapheliyo, ubuncinci bonyaka. Isiqhelo sisoloko sikhuphuka, ngezinye izihlandlo silungise. Leaves parnoperistye. Iintyatyambo zezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo: i-calyx inefuthe elifutshane kunye namazinyo, ifulegi kunye nesilumkiso esingaxeliweyo, isikhephe esinqabileyo, amaphiko ngamacwecwe.

Inkcazelo yeBotanical: ukuhlwayela i-vetch

Isityalo esichazwe ngabantu abaninzi, mhlawumbi. Kwakhona kuthiwa "imbewu ye-pea". Esi sityalo sonyaka okanye se-biennial ngokuphakama ukususela kuma-20 ukuya kuma-80 cm. Isiqu sinokumiswa okanye sikhuphuke, siphelelwe umda, sinciphise okanye singenalutho, ngaphandle okanye singenalo i-branching. Isiqhelo separroperty sishiya ekupheleni sineentsimbi, apho iipayi zifaka inkxaso. Iintyatyambo ziphantse ziqhekeza, zidibene okanye zodwa. Iintlobo yi-bhontshisi, i-cylindrical okanye i-flat plated to 6 cm ubude.

Nangona kunjalo, isityalo akufanele sidideke kunye neentsholongwane ezifanayo, kodwa zineendlela ezahlukileyo - ukulima iifere. Lo ngummeli oqhelekileyo kunye noodumileyo ohlobo olukhankanywe. Iifom ezahlukeneyo ze-varietal ziyahluke, zahluke kwiinkozo kunye nobukhulu bembewu, amagama okukhula. Bonke baqokelelwe kumaqela amathathu: i-shelling, ishukela kunye neepasta ze-cereal.

Ukusasazwa kweMbewu

UVika isityalo esinegama lakhe kwisiLatin elifana noVicia sativa. Iyasasazwa kwingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya, eNtshona Siberia, indawo yeentaba zeCaucasus neCrimea, kwi-peninsula yaseKamchatka. Unokuhlangana njengokhula emasimini, ngaphantsi kaninzi ngasendleleni, kwiindawo zokulahla, iifomiti. Ukuphuhliswa nokukhula okuhle kunokwenzeka kwi "nkampani" kunye nezinye izityalo ezixhasa ukunyuka kwayo. Ukubonakala kwendalo kubonakala kubanda kwaye kunqabile -6 ° C. I-Vetch - isityalo esine-hygrophilous, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokubunjwa kwemifuno kunye neentyantyambo, kungenjalo kungathobeki kwaye kungabikho phantsi kweemeko zendalo.

Sebenzisa njengechumisi

Ukuhlwayelwa kwe-vetch yinto ehle kakhulu, eyaziwayo kuluntu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Indlela ephambili yokuyisebenzisa kule fom ehlambulukileyo yokuhlwayelwa nokuhlanjululwa kwe-mass mass kulo mhlaba. Kwinqanaba lezenzo, le kholeji lifaniswa nomgquba, ifuthe elihle lihlala iminyaka engama-4-5. Kwinyanga e zintathu i-vetch yohlwayayo iqokelela ukuya kwi-30 kg ye-biomass nganye kwi-10 m ² , apho umxholo ophezulu we-nitrogen (160 g), i-potassium (200 g) kunye ne-phosphorus (75 g).

Ukuhlwayela nokuzilungisa

Ukutyala kweePas (i-vetch) - isityalo sonke singathobeki, kodwa ukulima kwayo kunempawu ezithile. Iifama ziyakhula kwimimandla emibini elula kwaye enzima, kodwa i-pH ayikhethayo. Ukuba umhlaba usebenza kakuhle, kukho ukudakumba kwebhakteria yeengqungquthela kwiingcambu, ziya kuba ziincinci kwaye zilungise kakuhle i-nitrojeni yomhlaba okanye zingabikho ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuhlwayelwa kwenziwa kwimiqolo, ububanzi phakathi kwabo kufuneka bube ngu-15-20 cm, phakathi kwembewu-5 cm. Ubunzulu bokuvalwa buxhomekeke kwisakhiwo somhlaba: emiphakeni - 7 cm, kwi-heavy-5 cm. Yumanzi, ke ungenzi oku. Ukunyamekela i-siderata yinto elula kakhulu kwaye iqulethe ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-crust emva kwemvula nokunisela. UVika uyisityalo somhla omude wokukhanya, onomtsalane-onothando, kodwa engathwali ukunyuka kwamanzi.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-trellis ukukhusela ukufakwa kweziqu kunye nokuhamba komnye. Ngamanye amaxesha isityalo sihlwayelwe kunye nengqolowa, i-sunflower, apho imeko leyo iyenzayo njengenkxaso.

Imigaqo yokuhlwayela

Unokuhlwayela ii-polka-amachaphazi ngeendlela ezimbini.

Ngethuba lokusasa kwentwasahlobo njengesandulela sezityalo ezizayo, umzekelo iklabishi. Emva kokukhula kobuninzi obuninzi, kungcwatywa ngaphambi kokuqala kweentyantyambo zomhlaba.

Kwekwindla yasekuqaleni okanye kwisiqingatha sesibini sehlobo, emva kokukhula nokuvuna izityalo zakuqala. Kule meko, isityalo kufuneka singcwatyelwe emhlabathini ngaphambi kokuqala kweqabunga.

Ukufunda ngezoBomi kuyimfuneko kwiimeko zemozulu zommandla.

Sebenzisa njengondlo

I-wick yokuhlwayelwa isityalo esinezixhobo ezincedo ezingaphelelanga ekusebenziseni njenge-siderata. Ukubunjwa kwalo, kubalwa kwimpahla eyomileyo, kuquka u-20% weeprotheyini zemifuno, isixa esincinci se-fiber kunye ne-fiber dietary. Kwifomu elitsha, amaqabunga aqukethe i-lysine, i-beta-carotene, amaninzi kunye namanzi. Zonke ezi ziimpawu zivumela isityalo ukuba sisetyenziswe njengesondlo esipheleleyo sezilwanyana. Ukusetyenziswa kobutywala obuhlaza, intlanzi, i-haylage, isidlo sotshani, utywala, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu kunye nomgubo wokutya. Kule njongo iifolo zihlonywa, njengomthetho, nge-oats okanye i-hareyi, ngokungaphantsi kancinci ngqolowa, ukusila, ukongeza i-sunflower, i-corn, rye rye.

Ukongeza, i-vetch isityalo (isithunzi sichazwe kwinqaku), eyona nto igugu kakhulu. Le nyaniso yenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuloba inyosi. Ientyantyambo ezininzi zihlala malunga neenyanga ukususela ekuqaleni ukususela ngoJuni. Inkcazo yemveliso yobusi iphezulu kakhulu kwi-shaggy (ubusika) - 140-200 kg nge-hektare yokutyala, ekuhlwayeleni kungaphantsi kwe-20 kg / ha, iimbotyi ezincinane - 20-40 kg / ha. Le nyaniso ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise izityalo ukutsala iinyosi kwindawo yakho. Ngoko, i-vetch ehlwayayo, eneempawu ezintle zokubhabisa, ingatyalwa kwintsimi okanye kwintsimi. Kuya kutsala i-insects, kwaye izinambuzane, ngokuchaseneyo, ziya kuthusa. Isityalo ngummelwane obalaseleyo kwizityalo ezithandayo i-nitrogen: utamatisi, i-pepper e-sweet, i-lettuce, i-aubergines, i-carrots. Idibanisa kakuhle nemithi yeziqhamo kunye nezihlahla.