Tasmania, Australia. Nature Tasmania

Australia kunye Oceania yinxalenye encinane kakhulu ehlabathini. Le nkqubo iquka nezwekazi eponymous kunye kwiziqithi ezincinane malunga namawaka alishumi saa phezu asentshona kumbindi Pacific Ocean. Le ndawo iyonke mmandla lingaphaya uphawu yezigidi 8.5 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. On nommandla wayo likhaya abemi malunga nama-34 ezigidi.

incazelo jikelele Australia

Australia - siqithi, nto leyo nayo ilizwekazi lincinci kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa kwimozulu eyomileyo kakhulu apha alawulwa intlango kunye Amathafa owomileyo. Ubude unxweme ngenxa Tasmania kunye nezinye iziqithi yonxweme phantse 60,000 leekhilomitha. Kumantla ilizwekazi owayamene Arafura kunye Timor Seas, ukuya kumzantsi ntshona - i-Indian Ocean kunye empuma - i Tasman kunye Ukuphupha Seas. Ngenxa yezwe ubesoloko ethatha abantu kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, nommandla wayo balufunda kancinane. Ubuninzi babantu apha ngaphezulu kancinane abantu ababini square kilometre. Australia nguye kwilizwekazi kuphela ehlabathini, nekuhlala karhulumente omnye kuphela. Kuye kwasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, owahlukileyo kubo eBritani, kwaye ngoku yenye kakhulu ngophuhliso kunye bazizinhanha emhlabeni.

Ilizwe yahlulwe kwimimandla amabini kunye namazwe amathandathu. Iyunithi yokuqala yolawulo loluka Australian Territory Capital kunye Northern Territory. States of Australia - yi Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, South Western Australia, kunye Tasmania. Ngomhla wokugqibela ezi ngokubanzi kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

indawo okuyo

Ubume kwelizwe kuphela kwisiqithi igama elifanayo, kodwa embalwa klaptikov encinane ilizwe - Macquarie Flinders noKumkani. ikomkhulu lalo isixeko yesibini inkulu karhulumente, ebizwa Hobart. Ethetha kanti Tasmania, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba siqithi ibekwe kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-240 ukusuka nemisinga (ezantsi ke), abazahlulayo ngenxa IBass Strait kubani. osempuma owayamene kuLwandle Tasman, kunye kumzantsi ntshona - i-Indian Ocean. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba siqithi kokuqhubekayo Greater zokusebenza Australian ngokwahlula Ridge, kwaye inani elikhulu nemifula kwakheka kwi kweendonga zayo.

lokufumanisa

Tasmania ukuvula elide phambi kokuba Australia kokuba loni. Island emva ngo 1642 watyelelwa uhambo ekhokelwa esasihamba Dutch Abel Tasman. Ezi baseYurophu bokuqala wayetyelele apha. Lazola ke ilizwe yathiywa emva kokuba umlawuli-jikelele we-East India koloni Dutch - Land Van Diemen kaThixo. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo yembali, nguye owandithumayo hambo ukufumana intsimi entsha.

nokwenziwa

Njengezinye amazwe Australian, siqithi waqalisa ukuba accustom naloo mazwe ayesaya kulawula British kwinkulungwane yokuqala yeshumi elinesithoba. Lokuqala British wafika apha ngo-1802. Sele kunyaka olandelayo yena wayevakalisa thanga yesibini yaseBritani Australia. Emva koko kwagqitywa ukuguqula le ndawo ibe kwisiqithi igweba. Kwilali yokuqala ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwintsimi yawo lamiswa ngo-1830 yimikhosi amabanjwa ePort Arthur. ummandla wayo yahlulwa kumacandelo, kwaye vika ngenyameko, kuba apho kwakuhlala abantu benze ulwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu. Kubo exhobele esibhedlele, icawa kunye ofisi yeposi. Entolongweni yavalwa kuphela yoma kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Ngowe ngo1856 Tasmania siqithi got igama layo ngoku. Isigqibo engqinelana nayo esithathwe ngurhulumente yaseBritani. Kwezinye States oko yasekwa ngo-1901.

labantu

Ngomhla kummandla urhulumente ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga nezigidi nesiqingatha. Inkoliso yabo zithathwa ukuba Anglo-Australia, ngamanye amazwi - kwinzala abavela British. omnye kuphela ekhulwini abantu wengingqi kubemi bomthonyama. Ngokutsho data yembali, Bomthonyama zendawo abahlala apha iminyaka 40 eliwaka. Kwi siqithi kukho kwakhona namaNdiya, IsiTshayina kunye nezinye izizwe. IsiNgesi ithathwa ukuba esidlangalaleni. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unalo aksenti lendawo ngokungaqhelekanga. Abahlali balapha, kuquka abantu Aboriginal, amaKristu ngokubanzi. Uninzi lwazo amaKatolika, emva koko ibandla na Church of England, yobuProtestanti kunye Orthodox. Phantse-4% yabantu uthi Buddhism and Islam.

sezulu

Australia noMzantsi Pacific yenye mimandla lawona kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Kwintsimi sabo siwela imvula encinane kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu Tasmania babe nethuba lokuphila onke amaxesha. Oku kubangelwa kukuba uninzi nommandla wayo iphawulwa kwimozulu epholileyo. Kuye kwasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo yolwandle kunye kweelwandle ezingqonge siqithi. Ngenxa yoko, akusekho ubushushu kakhulu abandayo okanye otshisayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele into yokuba urhulumente iwela kakhulu imvula e-Australia. E Western Tasmania inani labo lonyaka avareji 1000 mm, kwaye ngasempumalanga - 600 mm.

Spring kwi siqithi iwela kwixesha ukusuka kaSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba. Imozulu ngeli xesha kuyabanda ngokubanzi kwaye kukho umoya. Iqondo avareji ehlotyeni-23 degrees Celsius. Kukho amaxesha xa ubushushu kwinqanaba degrees 30. Kodwa ke luphawu kuphela kude ukusuka kwindawo unxweme. Fall e Tasmania inexesha elimisiweyo ethule, esibonakala ngokuba ebusuku nokubanda, iintsuku kakhulu eshushu enelanga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho kugqalwa kangangoko abakhenkethi ukuba atyelele urhulumente. Ebusika ngokuqhelekileyo neendleko imozulu frosty kwaye zicacile. Ngokufuthi selikhithika. Enoba oko, ngeli xesha umoya kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona awona ehlabathini.

uhlobo

Eyona iphambili eyahlula uhlobo Tasmania kucingwa ukuba lenzeka ezininzi kwiminyaka yezigidi eyadlulayo, yaye kule fom iphila unanamhla. Ngeendlela ezininzi, izazinzulu bathi oku iimpawu lokusekwa siqithi. Bamalunga nama-250 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kunye Australia, waba yinxalenye welizwekazi eyaziwa ngokuba ajenos. Wandula ke wathabatha malunga nesiqingatha kumphezulu umhlaba, zikhavarishwe ikakhulu kunye ehlathini lemvula. Ukusukela namhlanje, le meko iye ayitshintshanga kangako. Ngoku ke siqithi ukuba nentsimi ephakamileyo ezininzi umhlaba. Malunga nesiqingatha sommandla wayo zigqunywe ngamahlathi kuyo, uninzi lwazo nangoku kuhlala unexplored. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Umhlaba yenye wokugqibela kwiindawo ezinjalo.

Kwi siqithi Bagciniwe ukuba flora enqabileyo kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ukuba zibhangile kule zonke ezinye imimandla planethi. Phakathi izityalo zalapha ehlathini uyakwazi ukubona zomgamtriya, zomcypress kunye antrotaksisy spinous, beeches southern kunye nezinye imithi. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ukuba kukho iintlobo kunokuba engaqhelekanga ulele kunye ubulembu. amahlathi Local zibe indawo yokuhlala kubantu abaninzi, andifumananga izilwanyana naphi na. Izilwanyana idumileyo exotic Tasmania - oku koalas, dingoes, yoonombombiya ezincinane, possums, echidnas, kangaroos, iidemoni devil, iingcuka amatakane kunye nabanye. Ngaphandle kwezi, i-siqithi, kukho malunga 150 iintlobo zeentaka. I zazenziwe phakathi kwabo isikhwenene oranzhevobryuhy, nto leyo Australia olukhuselwe ngumthetho. imilambo Local kunye namachibi agcwele trout.

umnotho

Xa intliziyo uqoqosho siqithi yeyona imigodi kunye nezolimo. Ingakumbi, le ngingqi zizityebi izimbiwa ezifana zinc, nebhekile, ngentsimbi nangobhedu. Ukongeza, umgangatho ophezulu lophuhliso apha ehlathini. Ekubeni urhulumente kwimozulu epholileyo ezahlukeneyo, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho iimeko azivumi ukuba uphuhliso izidiliya nemiyezo, kwakunye enyamekela ukulinywa kwezityalo ezininzi. Malunga amabini pesenti yomhlaba ekhoyo ihlelwa iipaki zesizwe kunye neendawo, ukufuya ngoko kubo ngeke. Njengabo bonke Australia, Tasmania inama kwicandelo lezokhenketho ephuhliswe kakuhle. imfundo yakhe ukususela ngo-2001 kwaye unanamhla negalelo iimeko kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, kuquka itikiti moya cheap kunye neziye entsha, ukubonelela ngenkxaso zothutho lesiqithi ukuze azise. Abantu abaninzi basebenza kwimibutho karhulumente. Enye umqeshi enkulu apha nkampani I-Federal Group, elingumnini iihotele eziliqela kunye ongcakazo, kwakunye njengoko benza iinkuni processing.

capital

Abasebenzi kunye kwisiqithi Tasmania abanayo imali yabo. Yeyona indala e-Australia emva Sydney Hobart. Yasungulwa ngo-1804. Ukususela namhlanje, lwabemi beli abemi nje 210.000. ISixeko kuphela zolawulo, kodwa iziko yemali Tasmania, apho izithethe ubudala ubudala ufane ngobunye indlela mihla ezingenamandla yobomi. Hobart ifumaneka e-mpuma wesiqithi kwi umlomo Derwent River. Ivela apha Antarctica wathumela zobuntlola Australia nesiFrentshi.

izinto

Ngenxa babizwa ngokuba amaphepha ilahla kwimbali isiqithi Tasmania ezinika imvelaphi ezinjalo umdla omkhulu kubakhenkethi. Akumangalisi ukuba nyaka ngamnye amawaka abahambi tyelela yangaphambili idolophu-nqaba kunye entolongweni ngexesha elinye - Port Arthur Historic Site. ukhenketho ezaziwayo ezininzi ezinxulumene kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni zendalo kunye neepaki. ungakwazi ukuthatha uhambo lomoya kummandla South-Western Reserve, apho abakhenkethi Ukuncoma namahlathi emvula untrodden, iingxangxasi nemiwonyo. Apho siqithi kunye mmandla yayo iwayini kunye mveliso yayo enkulu.

Enye ezinika eziyintloko capital i Salamanca Arts Centre, equlethe iqela lemibutho, kuquka Studios ubugcisa, amaziko kunye namaholo ekonsathini. Zithandwa e Hobart nguye Museum of amangcwaba ihlabathi lamandulo, ibekwe ezidiliyeni kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-12 ukusuka kuloo mzi. ukubaluleka zenkcubeko Great kunye wezakhiwo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphezu kwe alithoba kubo akhuselwe yi-National Society for Protection ezikhumbuzo.

iimvakatjhi

Tasmania, isiqithi kukho izibonelelo kubakhenkethi ephuhliswe kakuhle. Nasemizini yayo kakhulu ibavelele nemimandla ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki, ungenza uhlale ehotele, kodwa abafundi banokuzikhethela ukhetho kakuhle kweehostele. Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuba kukho inani elikhulu lezikhululo lokuboleka imoto. ezivenkileni Local, abakhenkethi athenge nayiphi ngamakhubalo zesizwe kunye zezikhumbozo. Ngokubanzi, i-siqithi unako ukufumana yokuzonwabisa phantse yonke ukunambitheka - ukusuka Ukhenketho yesiqhelo kunye diving nesiphelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yintoni ekufuneka ikhunjulwe kukuba-veki yowe-zokutyela kunye Iivenkile zivaliwe.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba isiqithi Tasmania yindawo entle kakhulu, ube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye kabani ummandla kuhlala iipaki zesizwe. Bonke bephela aphantsi kokhuselo karhulumente. Kukho phantse yonke into ukuze umdla umhambi mihla - kudidi amahlathi ashinyeneyo, iinduli, iintlambo, ezineengxangxasi amanzi angcwengekileyo.