Ibhebha zasemaphandleni: iiprojekthi, ukwakhiwa, ukugqiba ngaphakathi

Ibhafu yamaRusti ingakhiwa ngokwezobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo, kulula ukuseka isakhiwo esinjalo. Kuya kubakho ukuvelisa ukukhupha kunye nomkhuhlane womoya, ukwenzela ukuba ufumane ikamelo lomqhubi, okungekho ndlela eya kuba ngaphantsi kwezobugcisa zokwakha izitena.

Ukongezelela, izakhiwo zeesakhelo zinokuthelekiswa nama- saunas ezenziwe ngamagodo. Ukwenza oko kusebenza kuya kuba lula, ngokukodwa xa uthelekisa kunye nobuchule obandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemithi okanye izitena. Ngelo xesha, akukho mfuneko yokwakha isiseko esiqinileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa izinto ezibiza. Iikhabhinethi zasemzaneni ezisekelwe kwisakhelo sinomsebenzi oxabisekileyo, oku kuboniswa kwinto yokuba ezo zakhiwo zilula kwaye zinganiki ukuguqulwa, ezingenakukhutshwa ngokuchotshiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iigesi ezibonakaliswa ngomswakama ngexesha lemvula nekhephu, amanzi angena kuwo onke amaqhekeza, kwaye aqokelele ngaphakathi kwesi sakhiwo. Ukuze kupheliswe le ngxaki, kufuneka ihlolwe kwiinqanaba zokuqala zokwakha.

Ukwakha isiseko

Ukuba unomdla kwiindawo zokuhlambela kwiidolophane ezisekelwe kwisakhelo, kufuneka ukwazi nokuba ukwakhiwa kwesiseko kusetyenziswa njani. Oku kusebenzayo akubandakanyi izinto eziyinkqubo eziphambili zokulungiselela. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ukwakhiwa kulula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaba kwisayithi uyadumeka okanye i-clayey, kukulungele ukuqala ukwakha isiseko somhlathi.

Ubuchwepheshe beSiseko

Iibhate zasezidolophini zivame ukuba zakhiwe kwiimatope. Kule nto, kwinqanaba lokuqala, kubalulekile ukufezekisa ucwangciso, ngokubhekiselwe kuyo umsele. Ubunzulu bokugqibela bufanele bulingane no-40 cm, ngelixa ububanzi buya kuba ngamasentimitha angama-50. Isinyathelo esilandelayo siya kuba ukuzalisa umsele ngesanti kumhlaba. Uluhlu ngalunye lufanele lufakwe kakuhle. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulungiswa okubhetele, kuyimfuneko ukugalela amacandelo ngamanzi. Ukuphalaza isiseko, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nefomu, ubude bayo bube ngamacentimitha angama-50, ngelixa ububanzi buyi-30 cm. Isiseko kufuneka siqinisekiswe ngeepayipi zetsimbi kunye neendonga, eziza kwenza isakhiwo sibe namandla. Ngoku inkosi inokuqala ukuthululela ikhonkrit, ngamanye amaxesha le mi sebenzi yenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kanti xa uyala ikhonkrithi kwipshini, ukuthululwa kungenziwa kwindlela enye. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa ukhetho lokuqala, kufuneka ukhuphe ngaphandle kokusekwa kwecandelo langaphambili ngaphambi kokuthulula elinye elilandelayo. Emva kobunzima bekhonkrithi, i-roofing material ibeka phezu kwesiqulatho, esiya kwenza njengokungena kwamanzi kweendonga zeefom.

Iingcebiso zokwakhiwa kweendonga

Ibhafu, isithombe esichazwe kwinqaku, kufuneka sitshathwe ngokusebenzisa imithi elungiselelwe kakuhle. Le mi sebenzi inikezela ukutywa kweemithi. Uhlobo luya kusetyenziswa phantse nayiphi na, ngaphandle kwe-birch, ephosa ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali zicebisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-aspen, i-larch okanye i-linden, ekuqhutyweni kwayo kwe-thermal ngokwaneleyo, kwaye isakhiwo sivumela ixesha elide ukugcina isimo sokuqala. Ngokuba ukukhangela kwangaphandle kukulungele ukusebenzisa i-larch ne-pine, ngelixa i-intérieure isebenza kuyo nayiphi na imithi efanelekileyo, kodwa i-aspens iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Ibhethi, umfanekiso oza kukunceda ukwakhiwa, kufuneka ukhuselwe ngaphandle ngaphandle kwe-antiseptic, ngaphakathi kwe-billet ixutywe kwaye ihlanganiswe kwizinto ezimbini kunye neenfenitshala zefenitshala. Ukwahlula kwigumbi le-steam kunye nequla, apho kulungele ngakumbi ukusebenzisa ukufunyanwa okukhethekileyo. Kunconywa ukuba yenze ibhanti engezantsi ukusuka kwibar eqinile, isigaba sayo esiphambeneyo sinokuba ngu-10 x 10 ngamentimitha. Kwiinkalo, izinto zihlanganiswe kwikota kwaye zongezwa ngokuzikhonkwane ngezikhonkwane. Ukuze ungabandakanyi ukufuduka kwezithuba ezingaphantsi kunye nezithuba zekona, zifakwe kwiiphini zensimbi ezi-2 cm, ezifakwe kwikhonkrithi. I-bar efanayo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuxhobisa i-harness ephezulu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyaniseka kwesiphako lokuhlamba, kumacangca ubeka i-braces kwisixa semali engama-8.

Izindlela zomsebenzi

Ukuba uyakha ibhafu, iiprojekthi maziqwalaselwe ngaphambili. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi na eyakhekileyo yokwakha. Kwiindonga zifakwe kwii-racks eziphakathi kwimiba engalinganiyo. Icandelo lesiphambano saloo mva kufuneka libe yinto echazwe ngasentla. Emva koko, iilagi zibekwe phantsi, kunye neebhodi ezihambelana nomgca we-15 x 5 centimeters. Zibekwe phezu kokungena kwamanzi kwesiseko. Ngaphandle, iindonga ziyakunqandwa ngetyala lokuzibhenca, eliza kuba yisisombululo esithengisekayo kwaye esilula. Ukuba usebenzisa le ndlela xa uhlamba ibhafu, iya kuba yomelele kwaye ibonakale ngokubonakalayo, akuyi kuba lihlazo ukumema abangani. Ukuba unquma ukukhetha i-lining, ke kukulungele ukuyibeka phezu kwodonga olungaphandle ngaphandle, ukuvalwa kwamanzi okwenziwa nge-pergamina kufakwa phantsi kwezinto zokufakelwa. Iifayili enye-nye isetyenzisiweyo ezifanelwe kwisipu. Zonke iigqeba kufuneka zifakwe kwi-scotch, nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni ngokupheleleyo njengoko kunokwenzeka, kuphela ke ungabandakanyi ukungena kumbumbi wokungcola okungadingekile.

Sebenza kwilungiselelo lesiseko

Ngaphambi kokuba wakhe ibhafu, iiprojekthi maziqwalaselwe. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ugqibe iimpawu zesakhiwo. Ukuze uxhobise iiplanga kwindawo yokuhlambela, ukuya ngasezantsi kwelayini, ngokubhekiselele kwigumbi le-steam kunye namagumbi okuphumla, kuyimfuneko ukukhonkotha ibha yesikwere ngapha nangama-5 cm. Ngaphezu kokumboza iiplanga zesigcawu, ke uluhlu lwezinto zokuphahla, kwaye emva koko kukho uboya obuncitshisiweyo, kufuneka lubekwe kububanzi obuyi-10 cm. Ngaphantsi kweebhodi zepansi ngumqobo wempuphu, apho umgangatho wesikhumba ungenziwa.

Ukulungiswa komgangatho kwindawo yokuhlamba

Xa uhlamba ngaphakathi, ke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-floor kwigumbi lokuhlamba. Lapha iteknoloji iya kuba yinto eyahlukileyo. Ukuze uhlale efudumele ebusika kwaye wome ngokukhawuleza, isiseko esisodwa kufuneka senziwe ngeenxa zonke. INkosi iyakususa umgca womhlaba, ufike kwi-0, 5 metres. Ingca kunye nesihlabathi zithathelwa emhadini, uluhlu lube ngu-10 cm ubukhulu ngexesha elifanayo. Ukuba amanzi angena emanzini afanayo ngokufanelekileyo, aya kuvuza emhlabathini, kwaye akukho mgodi oza kubakho. Iimpawu kwi-floor ziyi- asbestos-cement yamapayipi, ububanzi bayo buyi-10 cm. Zibekelwe kwisiseko, kwaye emva kokuba zithengiswa ngekhonkrithi, oku kuya kubaphelisa ukuba bahambe. Xa uhlambe lwangaphakathi lucacile, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuba wenze ibhodi edibeneyo ye-5 cm ubukhulu, ngelixa u-6 mm gap kufuneka unikezwe, ubeka iibhasikiti zerabha, zijongwa ngezikhonkwane. Emva koko, umgangatho ungacinwa ngamabhodi.

Ulungiso lwenkqubo yokukhupha

Ibhafu yangasese, kunye nelo lijoliswe ekusebenziseni uluntu, kufuneka linikezele ngedatha. Ngenxa yoko, umbhobho owenziwe nge-asbestos samente isetyenzisiweyo, ububanzi bawo bube ngamasentimitha angu-12, kuphela ngale ndlela ungabandakanyeka ukuvumba kwesikhunta kwigumbi le-steam. Umbhobho uya kukwanela ukuba uthathe kwi-attic, ngexesha leenkqubo kunye nesithandle somlilo, umoya oshisayo ngokuqhekeka ngaphantsi komnyango uya kungena kwi-sink, kwaye ukuphelisa umoya wokutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kuya kuthatha umswakama ngophahla lomgangatho. Ngelo xesha, iinyawo zalabo abavayo ziya kuhlala zifudumele.

Ukwakha uTruss

Ukuba ukwakha ibhafu yangasese, kufuneka ucinga malunga yiphi iteknoloji ekufuneka ixhobise i-truss system. Iimitha ziyahlukana, kunye neentambo kufuneka zakhiwe ngamabhodi, icandelo lesiphambano esili-15 x 5 cm. Kufuneka zifakwe kwicala, zilungiswe kunye. Ekugqibeleni, umgama phakathi kwezihlomelo kufuneka ube ngu-10 x 12 centimeters. Kwimeko yokuma, ziqhotyoshelwe ngamakherchiefs, ngelixa phezulu umdibaniselwano phakathi kwabo kufuneka unike isahluko esifanayo kunye nesigxobhozo. Iimitha zikhutshwa ngaphandle ngamasentimitha angama-40. Iibhati zokudweba ziya kukunceda wenze umsebenzi ngokuchanekileyo, iteknoloji ibonisa imfuneko yokuhlanganisa isakhiwo se-truss emhlabeni, emva koko kufuneka sinyuswe kwaye ifakwe kwifom egcwalisiweyo. I-obreschku yale nto yenziwe ngamabhodi, ubukhulu obuyi-25 centimeters. Ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwinqanaba.

Ukuziphatha kwendlela yokukhusela umphunga kunye nokuxhoma

Imidwebo yamabhafu unokubumba ngokuzimela, oko kufuneka ukwenze nangaphambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa. Kodwa emva kokwakhiwa kweendonga nophahla, unokuqhubeka ukuya kwinqanaba lomphunga kunye nokukhupha. Ukuba ulandela amava abakhi bezakhono, ngoko-ke ukutshintshela okulungileyo kukufezekileyo usebenzisa i-ursa "Ursa", ubuninzi obuyi-millimitha ezingama-50. Izinto eziphathekayo zifakwe phakathi kwezithuba ezizenzekelayo, ukulungiswa kwii-slats. Kwezinye iindawo, ukugxilwa kwe-thermal kubanjwe kwiibhodi zangaphandle, kodwa kufuneka kusetshenziswe izipikili ezikhethekileyo, ezixutywe nge-rashi ye-raber phantsi kwentloko. I-sauna evela kwindlu yelogi, kunye nesiseko sesakhelo, kufuneka sibe ne-barrier barrier, ukwenzela ukuba ingabandakanyi ukuqokelela ukunyusa kwisakhiwo, xa ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuphezulu kwaye ifestile ibusika. Isisombululo esona siphumo sale ifilimu ye-polyethylene, ehamba phantsi kweyilini. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikezelwe kwinkqubo yokukrazwa kwegumbi lomqhubi. Nanku, kubalulekile ukubeka umqobo wokupasa umgangatho wempuphu, umzekelo, umzobo, ifilimu okanye isikhumba. Nangona kunjalo, kukufanelekile ukushiya ukuphahlazeka okanye ukuphahlazeka, okokuba xa ukuvutha kungakhupha iphunga elithile.

Iimpawu zokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi

Indawo yokuhlambela eyenziwe ngamagodo, njengowakhelwe kwisakhelo, kufuneka inqunywe ngaphakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, kuya kubakho ukufumana into efana nekhekhe elikhukhulayo. Okokuqala, kukho umgca ongaphandle, ngoko isikhumba, kwisigaba esilandelayo ukufakwa kwesikhokelo kubeka, kwaye ke-ifilimu ye-polyethylene. Oku kutshanje kuya kuba yimbumba yangaphakathi. Njengoko imeko ephambili kulo mzekelo ibonelela ngengozi yomoya, ububanzi obuyi-5 cm. Kumele ibe ngaphakathi kweendonga. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikezelwe kwigumbi le-steam, apho umphumo we-thermos kufuneka uqinisekiswe. Ukuqhawulwa kwamanzi kulungele ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwegumbi, ngelixa kudibaniso kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-foil "Ursu", kunye ne-5 cm yesiqhelo esivamile. Xa igumbi lokuhlambela kwidolophini lakhiwe ngezandla zakho, iiplanga kunye neendonga ngaphakathi kwigumbi le-steam zilungiswe kakuhle nge-aspen wedge, kwiimeko ezinzima ungasebenzisa iipilisi okanye iiplami ze-lime.

Udonga lwangaphandle lugqityiwe

Ukusetyenziswa kwepende kunye nepeyinti ayinakubizwa ngokuba yindlela ekhethekileyo yokulungiswa kwangaphandle kwamafayili. Izixhobo zokuhlamba ngaphakathi zichaziwe ngasentla, kodwa ukwenzela ukuba unike idizayini imbonakalo ekhangayo, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zanamhlanje ngohlobo lweepaneli ze-thermo. Ngenxa yokuba ukwakhiwa kwendabuko yesibhakabhakthi kufuneka kudityaniswe ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, kunokwenzeka ukufeza le mi sebenzi usebenzisa i-panties ye-thermo. Zizokwakha izakhiwo ezininzi, njenge-foam insulation foam okanye uboya bamaminerali. Ukutsalwa kwe-thermal kuphakathi kweendlela ezimbini ze-PVC. Ummandla ongaphandle, njengomthetho, uyenziwa ngohlobo lobutyebi, emva kokuba lufafazwe ngophotho oluxinzelelweyo. Ukugqitywa kwendawo yokuhlambela kwidolophana ngoncedo lweepaneli ze-thermo kulula, kuba iimveliso zineendawo zokuhlala ezilula ezivumela ukufakwa lula. Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo kwi-facade kufuneka kwenziwe nge-screws eziqhelekileyo, ezilungisa iipaneli kwiifayile kwiindonga zangaphandle.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezitena ezijongene nazo okanye ukuhamba

Ukuba uyakha ibhafu, i-lining yeendonga zangaphandle iya kulungeleka. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala ityitye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, okwenza kube lula ukwenza i-clutch ehambelana naluphi na ngaphandle. Phakathi kwezitena ezijongene kunye neendonga eziphambili unokubeka i-heater. Ukugqithwa yinto eyaziwayo kwaye elula yokubhinqa kwindonga, ayibizi, kwaye uyomeleza nje ngokusemandleni. Yingakho iinguqu zamatye kunye nabaqulunqa ngasese abazilahla kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo, ukhetha izisombululo ezintsha ezinokuguqula isakhiwo, okwenza kube mnandi kunokwenzeka. Ungakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo malunga neliphi ukuphela elwamkelekileyo kuwe, ngubani kubo onokuzifaka wena ngokwakho.