Igama elithi "Imisebenzi rhwebo" uthetha .. Isiseko imisebenzi rhwebo kwaye izicelo zazo kumazwe ahlukeneyo

Igama elithi "Imisebenzi rhwebo" uthetha iseti yezenzo ibhanki engundoqo ukutshintsha amatyala yenkqubo yemali. Ukuziqhelisa, kukho ukwanda okanye ukuncipha nangoncedo imali yesizwe ejikelezayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaqhina karhulumente kuthengiswa okanye yathengwa yibhanki eyongameleyo kwimalike kawonkewonke (kungoko ke igama) kwaye libandakanyeka imicimbi ngentlawulelo, leyo yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa mihla umgaqo wolawulo isixhobo kunye namaziko ezemali zorhwebo. injongo yawo usoloko ukuqinisekisa inqanaba olwaneleyo amatyala, ukusekwa kuyimfuneko izinga lenzala, imali, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwixesha elifutshane kunye nokugcina umda qhinga wenqwelwana malini.

Kakuhle eli inkqubo

Igama elithi "Imisebenzi rhwebo 'ithetha ibhanki engundlu iba nefuthe ngqo kwi amatyala. It has akhawunti ezizodwa loro ezabelwe zorhwebo. belinganisela ibonisa imali yibhanki eyongameleyo ngohlobo lwemali eyahlukeneyo. Ukwandisa imali kwi akhawunti akuthethi kukhokelela mandatory umba yamaphepha ezongezelelweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imali namhlanje, kukho okungakumbi ngendlela lweerekhodi elektroniki, kunokuba izinto nje emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, lo yibhanki eyongameleyo siyakwazi ukunyusa okanye ukunciphisa imali kwi-akhawunti loro. Nangona kunjalo, imali ngekhompyutha kwaneso iinkozo zemali kunye yamaphepha. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba ukwandisa imali kwi loro-akhawunti Central Bank kufuneka zilungele umba olongezelelweyo. Noko ke, kuphela apho imali kufuna iziko zemali yorhwebo.

iintengiselwano repo

Igama elithi "Imisebenzi rhwebo" uthetha kumazwe aphuhlileyo, yibhanki eyongameleyo ayiniki nje mboleko, kodwa ukuqwalasela impahla yakho njengesiqinisekiso sokuba zithathwa ezifanelekileyo. Ixabiso le yokugqibela kufanele ukuba lubandakanye isixa ezibonelelwa ngamaziko zemali kunye ngetyala yorhwebo ngetyala. Ukusetyenziswa repos ukuphepha ukuhla okungeyomfuneko kwenzala, amazinga exchange kunye nokunyuka, ezinxulumene utshintsho elibukhali yemali-mboleko. Ubonelelo kwakhona akuyongqinisekiso yokuba uqoqosho lwesizwe angamvumeli ilahleko xa kuthe imilinganiselo yomboleki.

Unxulumano kunye namazinga enzala

Igama elithi "Imisebenzi rhwebo" ithetha isixhobo umgaqo wolawulo-mali, nto leyo ibandakanya ukuthengwa okanye ukuthengiswa iintambo central yebhanki. Eyona njongo ephambili yale izenzo ezinjalo enxulumene nokulawulwa ubungakanani kwisiseko emali kunye namazinga abolekisa elifutshane. Kwakhona, kule misebenzi iyahluka izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso kunye neqondo lotshintshiselwano. Yonke iyafana kunye nempahla. Ukuba Central Bank uqala ukuthengisa kwiibhondi zikarhulumente, indlela yokuhlawula amatyala kwenkqubo zemali lifinyele. Ngasemva uba imali ngaphantsi. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni zizonke kwemfuno imali. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lenzala Vuka, imali yesizwe wazomeleza, izinga kusehla nje ukunyuka. Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa kwenzala, yibhanki eyongameleyo uthengisa kwiibhondi zikarhulumente. Oku kwandisa nokubonelelwa ngemali. Eneneni, abaliqela umbutho enkulu yemali-credit angasoloko kuchaphazela lizinga lenzala. Kodwa Central Bank imithombo engaphele ndawo, ukuba badlale meko.

Kwi-US,

Emva yeengxaki zemali ehlabathini jikelele, i-Fed waqalisa ukuba ahlawule inzala zolondolozo zebhanki kwemfuneko. Oku kunciphisa amathuba kwiibhanki zorhwebo kukhutshwe amanqaku ababoleka imali ethe-ethe. Iintshukumo ye-Central Bank kwimarike exchange angaphandle ubukhulu becala imisebenzi repo ubusuku bonke. Zisetyenziswa ukunyuselwa okwexeshana ubonelelo ngemali. I-Fed ukwenza repo umva. Zisetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukuze kucuthwe unikezelo imali. Repos esetyenziselwa imbuyekezo ye utshintsho koovimba zebhanki okwethutyana. I-Fed kwakhona aqhube imicimbi ukuze yokugcina yokuthengisa okanye ukuthengwa kwiibhondi zikarhulumente okanye ezinye amaxabiso zemali.

Kwi-EU,

I-European Union sele kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifanayo yommiselo wemali. ECB uchaza umgaqo wayo lawulo njenge ezine. Oko imisebenzi zisetyenziswa ixhomekeke kwiziphumo ezinqwenelekayo kunye nemfuneko utshintsho kwicandelo lwemali kwixesha elifutshane okanye elide.

Kule Russian Federation

Central Bank of Russia nayo isebenzisa imicimbi ekuthethwa njengenxalenye ye-nkqubo yayo. Noko ke, imihlaba yabo mncinci kakhulu kwi US. Injongo ye-Bank of Russia kukuqinisekisa uzinzo engange, ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokomelezwa kwicandelo zemali. imisebenzi REPO kuba Russian Federation na isixhobo esitsha noko zomthetho, kodwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu yaye ithemba elungileyo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu.