Ityala likarhulumente lwamazwe ehlabathini. Simo lwamazwe yi inqanaba ityala likarhulumente

ityala likarhulumente lwamazwe ehlabathini yinto lwiimi ziveleleyo destabilization hayi nje imeko zemali ehlabathini, kodwa kwezoqoqosho. Indlela kuphela kule meko - kukufumana iindlela zokunciphisa ityala zehlabathi, kukho ukwehla izinga lokukhula, olubandakanyayo. Ngokutsho umhlaziyi zehlabathi, lo gama kwavela ingxaki yokuqala yehlabathi ngenxa yokukhula enamandla ityala kwicandelo lezimali, icandelo loshishino kunye namakhaya, umbhodamo kwinkulungwane yama-21, uya kubizwa ngokuba ukukhula ityala likarhulumente kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini. Iingcali kwiimalike zemali bathi luloyiko ukuba izibophelelo ityala eli lizwe ngowama-2015 zonke amathuba ukuba abe iphepha elingenanto.

Loko swi ri manani 2014 kulo nyaka?

amazwe kwityala lemali lesizwe ekupheleni kuka-2014 yi izixa ezoyikisayo.

• Japan - etyala karhulumente ingqamana 234% ye-GDP.
• Greece - 183%.
• Portugal - 148%.
• Italy - 139%.
• Belgium - 135%.

Kohlaziyo inkampani zehlabathi iMcKinsey wenza amazwe top ezilishumi kubungakanani yetyala yoluntu nangoku Spain (132%) kunye Ireland (115%), Singapore (105%), France (104%) ne-UK (92%). An into umdla kukuba Melika kwi simo waya kwindawo 11 nge-89% ye-GDP. Apha kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, Ngokwezibalo karhulumente, kodwa ngo-2011 uluntu kwamatyala i-USA iye soyise uphawu-100% ye-GDP. Ngokumalunga-manani 2013, umthamo ityala landile ukuya 106,6%. Ngokutsho izibalo lokuqala, ityala 2014 America ifanele ibe kwinqanaba 109,9%. Okwangoku, amazwe nkqubo esebenzayo ukunciphisa ityala likarhulumente. Ukusebenza ungenelelo kunye nezalathisi isiphumo ngo-2015 ingahlolwa kuphela ngoDisemba.

Izalathi ityala likarhulumente asezantsi

Kukho amazwe kweli rating ayikho kakhulu nje ematyaleni, kodwa ezincane. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe amazwe amatyala zisihla phezu ehlabathini:

• Norway - kwityala lemali lesizwe yi-34% ye-GDP.
• Columbia - 32%.
• China - 31%.
• Australia - 31%.
• Indonesia - 22%.

States ukuba unetyala encinane okanye hayi, kwaye onetyala ngaphantsi kwe-20% ye-GDP - yi Peru (19%) kunye Argentina (19%), Chile (15%), eRashiya (9%) kunye Saudi Arabia (3%) .

Uqhakamshelwano kwityala lemali lesizwe kunye inqanaba lophuhliso zamazwe zehlabathi

Inqanaba ityala likarhulumente kuvumela amazwe ukuba ukusungula uqhagamshelwano phakathi isixa ityala kunye inqanaba lophuhliso karhulumente. Kuthiwa ukuba okungenani ukutsala imali ukuyigubungela intsilelo karhulumente, abo kwinqanaba lophuhliso olusebenzayo. Amazwe ezijongwa uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, logqithiso kwenzeka ezingakumbi, yaye enyuka ematyaleni ngokucwangcisiweyo. Ukuba ityala akujongwa njengepesenti GDP, kwaye ngokwemimiselo yezemali, kuloo ndawo kudidi Ubunkokheli ndaya eMelika. ityala layo likazwelonke bawugqithile elide umda $ 18 ezigidi zezigidi. imbono yabo yezoqoqosho jikelele ukwanda kwetyala ekupheleni kuka-2015 ukuya kwi-19 ezigidi zeerandi. indawo yesibini ethatha Japan, kunye namatyala abo mali ka-10.5 ezigidi zeerandi. Oku kulandelwa China - 5.5 ezigidi. La mazwe amathathu akhawunti malunga 58-60% etyala kwihlabathi lilonke. Ngelo xesha, eRashiya, nto leyo phakathi ku-2014 waba ityala esilingana 0.1% yehlabathi, namhlanje wangena amazwe "trash ranking", nto leyo ukufumana imali-mboleko kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe nzima.

Le Dynamics imeko

ityala likarhulumente lwamazwe indawo ehlabathini ekugunyazisayo iziphumo ezincumisayo, kuba ngokucwangcisiweyo zanda. Kweli thuba ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2014 ukwandisa amatyala amaxesha abo aliqela akwazi KWEHAGU kuphela lizwe, bethwele ingozi yokuba i-EU (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece kunye Spain), kodwa kwakhona iinkokheli kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka Japan, Italy ne-France. America wedatha KWEHAGU karhulumente qela. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi preliminary, imeko yehlabathi kuyakhula. Kukuzibophelela nesihlobo kwamatyala kwakhiwa-up, kungenzeka ukuba ibe ngokuqhelekileyo kumazwe kunye inqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso loqoqosho.

Kutheni anoqoqosho oluphambili unetyala wayentswempu high karhulumente?

Isizathu sokuba ziyenzeka ukuba isantya sokukhula koqoqosho akavumeli kuhlawula kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukuba iinkonzo mboleko zazo. Kuba uninzi kwezoqoqosho kumazwe aphuhlileyo nto ayipheleli zero, kodwa thabatha izinga lophuhliso loqoqosho. IMcKinsey iingcali ze-arhente emva uhlalutyo ngokucokisekileyo lo meko, weyiseka ukuba eyona nto inzima ukunika i-mboleko ukuba refinance amatyala zayo ziya kuba namazwe afana neJapan kunye eSpeyin, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain ne-France. Iingcali ukubona ukuba isisombululo kule ngxaki uhlengahlengiso ebanzi kuqoqosho, ngenxa otvyazki yayo ngokupheleleyo ityala likarhulumente.

Imizila, futhi kugcinwa

Debt zokukala hlabathi, iingcali "Der Spiegel" koluhlu lendlu zokupapasha eJamani, inobudlelwane ngqo kunye awohluke zophuhliso yeentlanga.

• Okukhona etyala karhulumente kweli lizwe, kokukhona imiqondo yalo iqhame kwezopolitiko ezifana idemokhrasi liberalism.
• amazwe aphuhlileyo bachitha imali kwi-mali, hayi ugxininise imeko ngenene kuqoqosho. Yitsho ngolwimi olulula "ongahlali ngemali zabo." Ilizwe kuphuhliswa ngakumbi a ithathwa, mkhulu ityala layo lwangaphandle.
• Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho ihambisana ngokupheleleyo kunye ekukhuleni ityala. Iinkqubo ezi parallel kwaye kakhulu ncam.

manani Strange, okanye ubonisa ityala yangaphandle zehlabathi

Kokuma ngasentla kwiingcaphephe kupapasho "Der Spiegel" kuqinisekiswa yi le meko kanye ehlabathini. Cinga ekuzimanyeni ezinkulu ngamazwe. Ngoko ke, i "Big Seven" ngethiyori, sidibanisa uqoqosho lwala mazwe zinamandla ehlabathini. Xa sithelekisa GDP kunye ityala esidlangalaleni amazwe manyano, sinako ukubona zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• United Kingdom - isixa setyala ingqamana 92% ye-GDP.
• Germany - 72%.
• Canada - 86%.
• Italy - 139%.
• USA - 109,9%
• France - 98%.
• Japan - 234%.

Ukuthelekisa la manani kunye namanani ithi akwi i "BRICS", iingcali wenze kwizigqibo ezithile. Ngoko ke, Russia (9% of GDP), Brazil (65% of GDP), China (31% of GDP) kunye noMzantsi Afrika (50% of GDP) ujonga imvelaphi iinkokeli zehlabathi ngakumbi "zempilo kwezoqoqosho". Apha kuyimfuneko ukuba zithi "Big Ezisixhenxe" ithi ubomi babantu ubuncinane 0.5 billion pahla amaxesha amaninzi iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ngaphezu umyalelo abantu 3 billion of kwi kummandla "BRICS".

Yintoni uhlalutyo le meko ngo-2015?

ityala likarhulumente lwamazwe ehlabathini ngexesha lenene ukuvavanya yingxaki, njengoko iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni ziza kuboniswa ekuyeni ekupheleni kuka-2015. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi preliminary, ngenxa yokuba ukukhula kwetyala ngokunxulumene imeko yezoqoqosho ehlabathini iyaqhubeka ekhawulezile, kwi inkonzo yabo kulo nyaka kuya kusetyenziswa lo umyalelo 6.3% ngaphezulu. Abameli arhente Bloomberg ingxelo ukuba ithi kakhulu yehlabathi ngenkuthalo ekukhutshweni kwemali amatyala zabo ngeendleko phambili mboleko entsha esuka-IMF. Kwimithombo esemthethweni oko kwazeka ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2015 eli lizwe "BRICS" kunye norhulumente "Big Ezisixhenxe" kufuneka uhlawule ityala lemali 6,96 ezigidi zeerandi. Yehlabathi izimvo kuqoqosho iingcali 'ukuba weva mayela noko 2015 akholiswe, kwaye ubungakanani ityala liya kuba ngaphantsi kwe ukuba kweli nqanaba kubonakala isimo sengqondo ibingakholeleki.