Inkqubo yoqoqosho kunye neentlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho: iimpawu kunye netafile

Kuzo zonke yembali izigaba zophuhliso lwabantu kwibutho ufumana lo mbuzo mnye; ntoni, ngokuba kubani kangakanani ukuvelisa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithombo emincinane. Inkqubo yoqoqosho kunye neentlobo iinkqubo kwezoqoqosho, wayesandula kuqingqa ukusombulula le ngxaki. Kwaye nganye yezi ndlela kwenza indlela yabo, elowo kubo alungileyo kwakunye nangalunganga.

Ingcamango Inkqubo yoqoqosho

Inkqubo yoqoqosho - inkqubo iinkqubo loqoqosho kunye nobudlelwane zemveliso leyo iye yaphuhliswa kuluntu ethile. Phantsi le ngcamango libhekisela algorithm, indlela yokucwangcisa uluntu mveliso, ethi ubukho ubudlelwane ezinzile phakathi kubavelisi kwelinye icala kunye nabathengi - kwelinye icala.

Umxholo ingqiqo ka "inkqubo yoqoqosho" kunye "iintlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho" kuxhomekeke kakhulu esikolweni ethile zenzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye izikolo, zihlolwa nechazwe ngoncedo iingqiqo yoqoqosho olukhulu, abanye - ngenxa yokuziphatha yabantu wesithathu ijolise kwindlela yawo, njalo-njalo ..

Iinkqubo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yezoqoqosho:

• imveliso;
• ukwabiwa;
• exchange;
• kuselwe (impahla).

Production nakuyiphi na inkqubo yoqoqosho ekhoyo isekelwe kwi-resources ezifanelekileyo. Noko ke, ezinye iziqalelo kwahluka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Oku malunga uhlobo ubudlelwane kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho, indlela ulawulo, ezikhuthazayo abavelisi, njalo-njalo. N.

Inkqubo yoqoqosho kunye neentlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo apha kuhlalutyo nasiphi na isenzeko okanye ngqiqo typology wayo.

Iintlobo Uphawu iinkqubo ezoqoqosho, ngokubanzi, kukuhlalutya ezingundoqo parameters ezintlanu uthelekiso. Zezi:

• iparameters kubugcisa nakuqoqosho;
• lulwahlulo isabelo yesicwangciso karhulumente kunye nenkqubo ulawulo lorhwebo;
• ubudlelwane entsimini lwepropati;
• zentlalo iparameters (ingeniso real, ixesha free, ezempilo kunye nokhuseleko, etc ...);
• ezisebenza ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abezoqoqosho mihla iindidi ezine eziphambili iinkqubo zoqoqosho:

1. yesintu
2. Command ixesha
3. Market (capitalism)
4. ingxubevange

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha umahluko phakathi zonke ezi ntlobo omnye komnye.

inkqubo Traditional yezoqoqosho

Xa xesha kuluntu eyayingekaphuhli ehlabathini kuye kwavela i inkqubo yokuqala yezoqoqosho nto leyo esekelwe subsistence kwezolimo. Namhlanje, uhlobo zemveli kwinkqubo kwezoqoqosho phantse ndawo (ngaphandle imimandla ethile Latin America, Asia kunye Afrika, kwakunye amanye amazwe ehlabathini wesithathu).

Ngenxa yale nkqubo, uqoqosho luphawulwa nokuhlanganiselwa, lokuzingela zokulima ephantsi-imveliso isekelwe kwiindlela omkhulu, umsebenzi wezandla kunye nobuchwepheshe kwakudala. Trade ayiqondakali kuphuhliswa okanye kuphuhliswa kwaphela.

Mhlawumbi uncedo kuphela kwale nkqubo lwezoqoqosho ezibuthathaka (ngokubonakalayo zero) ungcoliseko kunye umthwalo encinci anthropogenic kokusingqongileyo.

Umyalelo-kuhlelwa inkqubo yoqoqosho

Olucwangcisiweyo (okanye oluyintloko), uqoqosho uhlobo yembali yolawulo. Ezi ntsuku akazange efunyenwe yayo enyulu. Ngaphambili ke uphawu eSoviet Union, kwakunye amanye amazwe aseYurophu kwaye Asia.

Namhlanje, rhoqo bathi oku iintsilelo yezoqoqosho nkqubo, phakathi apho kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye:

• ukungabikho inkululeko abavelisi (iqela "njengoko oko kuthetha ukuba 'ukuvelisa wathunyelwa evela phezulu);
• ukunganeliseki kunye nenani elikhulu neemfuno zoqoqosho labathengi;
• Ukunqongophala Chronic ezinye iimpahla;
• ukuvela kwe ngomgunyathi (njenge yokwemvelo yokusabela kumba yangaphambili);
• nokungakwazi ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo uqalise kwimpumelelo ezintsha inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe (ukwenzela ukuba uqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo kusoloko linyathelo ngasemva ezinye okhuphisana kurhwebo lwehlabathi).

Noko ke, kwakukho kule nkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye zalo eziluncedo. Enye yazo ithuba yokuqinisekisa uzinzo yentlalo wonke.

inkqubo yoqoqosho Market

Market - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yaye multi-amaninzi kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini namhlanje. Kwakhona yaziwa phantsi igama elahlukileyo: ". Capitalism" Imigaqo esisiseko yale nkqubo umgaqo exabisekileyo, ibhizinisi kunye kukhuphiswano lorhwebo esempilweni ngokusekelwe unikezelo kunye nemfuno. Apha esilawulwa ipropati yabucala, kwaye stimulus ephambili umsebenzi mveliso simi ingeniso linxano.

Noko ke, le uqoqosho - ikude lee egqibeleleyo. uhlobo Market of inkqubo yoqoqosho kananjalo kuneengxaki zako:

• yokwaba imali;
• ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye sesichengeni koluntu kwiindidi ezithile abemi;
• inkqubo Ukungazinzi, esizibonakalisa njenge ngxaki zosulele ngamaxesha kuqoqosho;
• okuzingela, ukusetyenziswa olukhohlakeleyo lwezixhobo zokusebenza zendalo;
• mali ophantsi wemfundo, inzululwazi, kunye nezinye iinkqubo non-ngeniso.

Ngaphandle kwezi, abezoqoqosho nabo cell sesine - uhlobo olungumxube inkqubo yoqoqosho apho urhulumente kunye necandelo labucala kufuneka ubunzima elingana. Xa iinkqubo ezinjalo, nemisebenzi ngurhulumente kuqoqosho bancipha ekuxhaseni amashishini ezibalulekileyo (kodwa engeluncedo lwanto), imali inzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko, ukulawula ngqesho, njalo-njalo. N.

Inkqubo yoqoqosho kunye neentlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho: imizekelo amazwe

Kuhleli ukuqwalasela imizekelo namazwe anamhlanje, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo omnye okanye enye inkqubo yoqoqosho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, itafile ekhethekileyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi. Iintlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho oko bafaka ngokusekelwe usasazo eengingqi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi yetafula luluvo kakhulu, njengoko kumazwe amaninzi namhlanje kunokuba nzima ukuba bahlole ngokucacileyo zeziphi iinkqubo na.

Hlobo luni inkqubo yezoqoqosho eRashiya? Ingakumbi, le unjingalwazi MSU A. Buzgalin luphawulwa uqoqosho mihla naseRussia njengohlobo "kuguquka le capitalism emva kwexesha." Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe isigqibo namhlanje ukuqwalasela inguqu, kunye kwiimalike ezikhulayo kulo.

Ekuphetheni

Yonke inkqubo kwezoqoqosho iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo ezintathu imibuzo ephambili kuqoqosho: "? Ntoni, njani kwaye lowo ngokuvelisa" zezoqoqosho Modern iintlobo ezine eziphambili kubo; ke yemveli, umyalelo-ezicwangcisiweyo, zeemarike inkqubo exutyiweyo.

Ethetha Russia, kunokuthiwa ukuba kule meko uhlobo oluthile inkqubo lwezoqoqosho ekubhobhozeni. Eli lizwe iyaguquka phakathi umyalelo kunye rhwebo mihla.