Ucalulo kunye neentlobo yeoli motor

oyile injini - kuyinto ngaphandle kobunyulu akukho kweendleko, akukho imoto. Le into oqhubekayo kujongwe ukuba lubricated iindawo injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza. Kubonakala, yintoni ingxaki? Thabatha ioli weenjini, bawagalele injini banandiphe ikhwele. Enyanisweni, yonke into inzima kakhulu ngakumbi, njengoko kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo oyile injini, kwaye kufuneka ukuba yeyiphi kubo ufuna. Nikelani ingqalelo ukuphakheja - apho uya kufumana ezinye iindibano ukuba umntu uninitiated ngokubanzi malunga nantoni na kuthi. Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka ufunde eli nqaku. Iya baqonde kakuhle iintlobo ezisisiseko amafutha kweemoto, ngokunjalo ukuhlelwa kwazo. Emva kokufunda umbandela wena lula kwaye kungekho naziphi na iingxaki uya kukwazi ukukhetha i oyile lungelo phakathi kweminye iindlela eziza kwenziwa kuwe evenkileni.

amafutha kwezimbiwa

Ulwahlulo yokuqala, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo - kuhlobo kwimveliso. Le ulwahlulohlulo ezininzi ezingundoqo, nto leyo evumela ukuba baqonde iimpawu ezisisiseko eyongeziweyo lobeko imveliso ethile. Ngoko ke, okokuqala sonke siya kugxininisa oyile izimbiwa - ukuba uchaze kubo ngokufutshane kwaye ngokubanzi, singatsho ukuba ngabo baye afunyenwe nokusulungekiswa petroleum. Ukuba siye kungena iinkcukacha imveliso izimbiwa uthi okuninzi. Iintlobo oyile injini inokuba zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa ke ngezimbiwa kuthathwa kakhulu ezifanele ukusetyenziswa yonke imihla kwi-bume eqhelekileyo ezidolophini. Le ifunyenwe ukusuka kwisiseko-oyile, apho iveliswa ngqo kwi-oli ekrwada. Kuba uhlobo olusisiseko koko wongezelela ongeziweyo imichiza ethile, leyo ukuqinisekisa ubukho kwimveliso ogqityiweyo lweempawu ezahlukeneyo. Njengokuba sele sitshilo ngaphambili, olu khetho na izityalo ukuba umqhubi eqhelekileyo ohamba kwindawo ezidolophini okanye kweli lizwe, esebenzisa imoto phantse yonke imihla. Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo oyile injini, yaye uyazi ukuba ukhetha lokuqhuba ezolileyo elungeleleneyo ngesantya esiphakathi, imveliso izimbiwa - kulukhetho ogqibeleleyo. Kodwa yintoni enye linamanqaku kule yokuhlela?

oyile motor semi-zokwenziwa

Kakade ke, iintlobo ze-oyile motor hayi kufunwa yokwahluka izimbiwa - njengoko kusoloko kubonakala ezishelfini semiochemicals. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Na ukuba ndiyiphathe ngathi ibhotolo? Kungcono ngaphezu izimbiwa, okanye okubi? Enyanisweni, kanye njengokuba akunakwenzeka - le oli ayikho ngcono okanye okubi, yinto eyahlukileyo nje. Le wadala ngokuxuba mveliso zendalo kunye zokwenziwa (leyo eza kuxoxwa mva). Ukuba fan ngezantya eziphakamileyo, ukuqhuba, enu ilingane olu khetho kwakunye oyile ezimbiwa, njengoko sele kakuhle, oko kumlungele ngakumbi lokuqhuba kunye ngezantya eqhelekileyo ezidolophini. Noko ke, hayi nje kuphela ukusebenza ngesantya ixhomekeke injongo yale hlobo ioli. Inyaniso ukuba umfuziselo semi-zokwenziwa yeyona ukumelana kakhulu igcwala - ngokulandelelana, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise le oli kwiimeko lobushushu kakhulu. Kuba ubunyani Russian, olu khetho bungqineke kakhulu kusebenza ngaphezu imveliso ezimbiwa yendalo, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo nako ukuthwala kuneqabaka kakhulu Russian. Kodwa loo nto zonke iintlobo-oyile mafutha kule Ukuhlelwa - kufuneka aqhelane kwenye inguqulo zokwenziwa.

amafutha motor Wokwenziwa

abaqhubi beemoto abaninzi makhwelo bakholelwa ukuba iintlobo oyile motor - "Mobile," "ELF" njalo-njalo. Nangona kunjalo, olu kuphela abavelisi, kodwa ke malini ukuba uhambe uze ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimveliso zezona zilungele injini yemoto yakho. Njengoko ngokuba iintlobo kanye yeoli, ukuhlelwa ngokohlobo yemveliso yenye ingongoma kuphela - zokwenziwa. Abantu abaninzi bathi lo hlobo neoli kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yena nayo eqolo. Isibakala sokuba indalo yayo zange asebenzise oyile - yona yenziweyo elukhuni imichiza amagama (kungoko igama) kuphela kwiimeko elebhu. Ngexesha kuveliswe imveliso adityaniswe kuphela ongeziweyo ubunjani obuphakamileyo unikezele ioli iimpawu ulungileyo kuphela. Amaninzi amafutha eyenziweyo bebodlula kakhulu izimbiwa kunye semi-zokwenziwa ukuba eziliqela iimpawu ezingundoqo, ezifana viscosity, ukukhuselwa iimoto, amafutha kunye njalo njalo. Ngoku uyazi ukuba iintlobo oyile motor na, xa siqwalasela ngokuhlelwa ngokohlobo kwimveliso. Kodwa kukho ezinye ukuhlelwa, nazo kufuneka ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo.

ngezigaba æ

Lifikile ixesha lokuba jonga kwi yintoni na ezi ntlobo ze-oyile motor. Ulwahlulo, nto leyo iya kuqwalaselwa ngoku igama æ. Lo igama elifinyeziweyo lombutho ukwazisa oluhlobo, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba amazwe aseYurophu. Ngokupheleleyo Umbutho owaziwa ngokuba yi "Society of Automotive Iinjineli ', ngoko xa usiva eli gama, ngoku kuza kufuneka ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni kanye libhekisela. Nangona kunjalo, eli oluhlobo? Ziziphi iintlobo oyile lwahlulwe ngokuhambelana nalo? Ukonyulwa imveliso enjalo uphila kakuhle into efana nale: 15W okanye nje 50. Kakade ke, ukuba awazi iinkcukacha oluhlobo, wena ke nokonyulwa nto kuthi. Kungenxa yale kwaye kufuneka ufunde eli nqaku. Ukusuka apha uya kufunda ukuba unobumba W kwi isihloko ibhekisela Winter, yiloo nto le oli ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ebusika. Njengoko inani, lisetyenziswa kwi ebusika, kwaye ehlotyeni, kwaye iimveliso lonyaka. Oku kubhekisela viscosity eklasini, oko kukuthi, likuvumela ukuba ukukhangela nasiphi na isimo sezulu, ungasebenzisa i ukhetho oluthile. Ngoku unayo jikelele kwengcingane oluhlobo - eli lixesha lokuqwalasela oko kanye angqinelana izimvo motor nezixhobo oyile zakhe.

amafutha ebusika

Iintlobo-oyile semi-zokwenziwa injini, ezo kakuhle kusetyenziswa ebusika, njengoko sele kakuhle, luchazwa ngegama le W. unobumba Oku kuthetha ukuba ubusika oyile - yaye zonke kukho iiklasi ezintandathu viscosity ngokungqinelana nale yokuhlela. Kuthathela kwaye iphela nge 25W oyile oil 0W. Kuthetha ukuthini? Okuya kusiba phantsi inani, leyo umi phambi kwe leta W, inowuthi lobushushu uyakwazi ukumelana le mveliso ebusika. Umzekelo, kunye isiqu 20W ioli ingasetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi thabatha izinyuko ezilishumi Celsius, lo gama ukumakishwa 5W ioli zingasetyenziswa nokuba kwiqondo lobushushu phantsi thabatha mahlanu. Iintlobo-oyile mafutha zokwenziwa, izimbiwa, uye ngqo mshini efanayo. ingqalelo nje kukuba iinguqulelo yezimbiwa kufuneka ebusika ilungileyo yokumakisha kunqabile kakhulu.

amafutha ihlobo

Njengoko zamafutha yasehlotyeni kule yokuhlelwa, ukwalathelwa yakhiwe kanye phezu mgaqo - nje ukuba igama akukho leta W, leyo kube ngumqondiso ioli ezingafanelekanga ukusetyenziswa ebusika. iimveliso Summer, kukho iiklasi ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo, ukwalathelwa oqala nge-20, yaye iphela 60 Njengoko kunjalo kunye neeoyile zasebusika, ekuphawuleni inani kwehlobo ibonisa umda ubushushu, kuphela eli xesha ngasentla zero. I eliphezulu inani, i eliphezulu lobushushu apho ioli igcina isakhiwo viscous, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, iimpawu zayo ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe. Kodwa loo nto zonke iintlobo-oyile mafutha iimoto kule yokuhlela. Yintoni uhlala ngaphandle iimveliso ehlotyeni nasebusika? Kubonakala kukho phantsi ukuhlelwa njenge uhlobo sesithathu - lonke ixesha. Oku ngazo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

namafutha multigrade

Ukuba sithetha oyile multigrade kwi ulwahlulohlulo Sae, kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqatshelwe ukuba apha isiqu kancane nzima ngakumbi. Noko ke, xa uqonda umgaqo, ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo elula i oyile-xesha onke - i-50 10W. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Into yokuba iimveliso xesha oludibanisa ukusebenza amafutha zombini ihlobo nobusika. Kwaye, oko, ukuba sidibanisa kakuhle kunye nokufaka zabo - nto leyo ithetha ukuba inxalenye yokuqala (phambi kokuba ikhonco) i iimpawu ebusika, ngoxa yesibini (emva ikhonco) - ehlotyeni. Ngako oko, umgangatho uphezulu ngokwemigaqo viscosity yeoli iya kuba lowo apho umahluko phakathi kwenani wokuqala nowesibini zeesimboli lelona liphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-oyile igcina iipropati ayo obushushu ephantsi phezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho multigrade classes ngaphezulu kakhulu ebusika okanye ehlotyeni. Phantse zonke izayamaniso ifomu imveliso yokuqala neyesibini olutsha udidi kwanamabakala. Oko konke ofuna ukuyazi malunga nendlela ahlulwe ngokungqinelana nale zokuhlela amafutha motor. Types, ngezigaba, lokuzazisa - zonke ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abaqhubi beemoto, ngoko ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba imoto yakho ukusebenza ngempumelelo kangangexesha elide, kufuneka ukuqonda ukuze ukukhetha uhlobo ioli. Kwaye oku kufuneka ukufunda olunye yokuhlela eqhelekileyo.

ngezigaba API

Ukuba uhlelo lwangaphambili ijolise ekubeni nje ioli injini viscosity kunye nokulondolozwa imisebenzi kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo, oku igxininisa kwiipropati yomsebenzi iyonke. Oku kulapho uza kufumana iintlobo ze-oyile motor engines idiesel ngokwahlukeneyo ipetroli. Yintoni le ekunciphiseni? Njengoko kunjalo kunye Sae, igama elifinyeziweyo lombutho ukwazisa le yokuhlela. Kulo mzekelo, API - ngu "American Petroleum Institute". Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba yangaphambili lokumakisha ukunyanisa ioli aseYurophu, yaye oku - US. Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni ezahlukeneyo kancinci - yokuba ezi zokuhlelwa ezimbini ezichaphazela imiba eyahlukeneyo imveliso, ngoko bavame abekwe ngapha nangapha kwiipakethe. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yeoli ngokwale yokuhlela ingabonakala ifana, umzekelo, SA, CD okanye CB / SE. Kodwa yintoni na yonke le leta?

Nemifanekiso

Ukujongana nezi mpawu, kufuneka uwahlule nangoko iinxalenye ezimbini, oko kukuthi iincwadi ezimbini. Ukuba ujonga kakhulu kwiiklasi ze-oyile, uya kuqaphela ukuba ileta yokuqala isoloko mhlawumbi ke S, okanye C. intle lilula - ukuba unobumba S yokuqala, ngoko ke ioli ukuba injini ipetroli, ukuba C - for diesel. Nantso zonke, akukho iingxaki ezikhethekileyo ngokuqonda nokukhumbula oku kufuneka kube. Kodwa yintoni imela ncwadi yesibini? Yonke into apha kwakhona ilula - njengomsebenzi wesibini inokuba linani elikhulu labasebenzi, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo enye, nokuba ingqalelo diesel okanye ipetroli injini. Le leta A ibonisa ioli kakhulu lixesha kunye iimpawu yokusebenza embi. Njengoko phambili alfabhethi iimpawu yokusebenza imveliso okwandayo. Ngoku cinga ukubeka umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo - unobumba wokuqala inoxanduva uhlobo injini, kwaye eyesibini - kuba umgangatho komsebenzi ioli.

Iiklasi yamafutha motor

Njengoko unokuthekelela ngokulula, neoli yokuqala iya kuba SA okanye CA - oko kuya kuba ukusebenza lisezantsi, kwaye ujonge banesifo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukuze siqonde umfanekiso opheleleyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba bajonge idizili kunye nepetroli iinjini ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, xa kufikelelwa nepetroli injini, kwaba imbali iiklasi ezilishumi - ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika ukuya SL. Ukususela banesifo ukuya yee- ezisetyenzisiweyo ezintlanu kuzo - ukuya SE, ziyashukuxwa lixesha namhlanje. Xa yee- kunye nineties amafutha SF, SG kunye SH, nto leyo ingafunyanwa kwi namhlanje - kodwa iiklasi kanye Washiya - SJ kunye SL. Kuyinto abo abe neempawu yokusebenza ephezulu. Ke ukuba diesel, i-bali efanayo, kodwa eyahlukileyo kancinane. Ekuqaleni, kukho iindidi ezintathu zamafutha, uze udibanise ababini, yaye kukho iiklasi ezintlanu mlonyeni namhlanje - CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, kunye C1-4 ilungileyo. Njengokuba sele sitshilo ngaphambili, maxa wambi ukufumana CD / SE kunye namagama ezifana nale - ukuba kuthetha ntoni na? Yinto elula - nto ioli motor oko kumlungele na zombini ipetroli kunye diesel. Ngokwendalo, inqanaba kweepropati zokusebenza xa esetyenziswa kwinjini ezahlukeneyo kuyahlukahlukana, ngoko ngamnye kubo ukutyunjwa yaso le ncwadi yesibini.