Igumbi lika-Abrama: i-Biography kunye ne-Filmography

Wayengumlawuli onetalente, owandisayo kunye nomgca. Wayesoloko ezama ukubonisa ukuvalwa komntu, ukufumanisa iimvakalelo zabantu, ukungahoywa, ngoko ke, i-cinematic eyona nto inzima kwaye engavamile. UAbram Rohm wenza iifilimu apho yonke ingqwalasela igxile kumntu othile, ingxaki yakhe kunye neemfihlelo ezifihlakeleyo. Ngelo xesha, umlawuli wayehlala ekhangela izisombululo ezintsha kunye neefom kwi-cinema, ezama ukukhulisa imida yobugcisa beklasi. UAbraham Romm uthelekisa umdlali wezobugcisa kunye nenkosi yobuchwephesha, umatshini othile owenzelwe i-biomechanics yakutshanje ...

Ngomnyaka womsebenzi wakhe, imizi emithathu ibe yintanda yakhe kunye nomthonyama: Vilna, Saratov noMoscow. Ngomnye ubuntwana bakhe budlulile, kwelinye wenza amanyathelo okuqala kwezobugcisa, kwaye ngowesithathu wadala iifilimu zakhe ezintle. Nangona kunjalo, uAbram Romm waba ngumntu owaziwayo nje nje ngokuba ngumlawuli, naye wayenetalente yomgcini. Yayiyiphi indlela yakhe yokudala kunye neyiphi ifilimu eyamenza ukuba aqaphele isizwe? Makhe siqwalasele lo mbandela ngokubanzi.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

Igumbi likaAbram Matveyevich lizalwe kwisixeko saseBaltic saseVilna. Wazalelwa ngoJuni 28, 1894.

Abazali bakhe babengabantu abacebileyo, ngoko babefuna ukuba unyana wabo abe nemfundo efanelekileyo. Inkwenkwe iya kwi-gymnasium, kwaye emva koko iya kwi-Petrograd Psychoneurological Institute. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, imfazwe yombutho iqala kweli lizwe, kwaye le ncinane ibambe iqhaza kuyo.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wokudala

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yeshumi yekhulu lokugqibela, uAbram igumbi laseSaratov. Apha, kwinqanaba leTheater of Miniatures avulekileyo, ubeka umdlalo wakhe wokuqala okokuqala. Kuza kudlula ixesha elincinane, kwaye loo mfana uya kudala itempile yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "iPigeon". Nangona kunjalo, inzala yakhe iya kuthi ivalwe emva koko, ibone umsebenzi weCandelo le-philistinism, ubundlobongela kunye nephondo. Kodwa lo mfana, owayefundela iyeza kwiYunivesithi yaseSaratov, waqhubeka nokubandakanya ubuchule, okokuqala njengotitshala wesebe lobugcisa bendawo, kwaye emva koko waba ngu-rector of workshops ephakamileyo aphezulu obugcisa bezobugcisa. Ewe, ulawulo lweeNtshonalanga zeBantwana kunye neZiboniso zazifuna uAbram Matveyevich ukuba enze isiteyimu kwinqanaba lawo, kwaye le ntombazana yathokoza ngenjabulo.

Emva kokuba uLunacharsky ngokwakhe xa ehlala esixekweni kwiVolga wabona iimboniso zentlalo yelo mfana kwaye wayevuya kakhulu kubo. I-Commissar yeSebe leMfundo ngokuzimeleyo yathetha kumlawuli wokuqala kwaye ifuna ukuba u-Abrama Igumbi aye kwikomkhulu, apho angakwazi ukuhlakulela ngokupheleleyo italenta yakhe.

Ngowe-1923 insizwa ifika eMoscow.

Umsebenzi kwi-capital

Ekuqaleni wamkelwa njengomlawuli kwiTheater of Revolution, waza waba ngutitshala kwiSikolo sePhakamileyo saseProatia saseKroatia. Kancinci, Igumbi livusa umdla kumabonakude. Kungekudala le nkwenkwe izama isandla sayo kwintsimi entsha.

Umsebenzi wokuqala kwisethi

Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba uAbram Rohm, onobugcisa befilimu equka imisebenzi engaphezu kweyeshumi elinamibini kwiifilimu, naye wasebenza kwimifanekiso, ukudubula okungazange kugqitywe.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yomsebenzi wakhe wazama ukubhenela kwiiklasi.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ngumdlalo we-comedy "Uhlanga lweVodka" (1924). Kwinqanaba lebali elihlekisayo ngumculi-umqeqeshi, owakwazi ukunikela kwiipolisa eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kwenzeka kwiphupha. Ngelishwa, lo mfanekiso we-maestro awuzange usindiswe de iintsuku zethu. Emva koko landela ifilimu emfutshane "Kuthetha ntoni" uMos ", ukuqaphela lo mbuzo" (1924). Kwaye lo msebenzi, apho uAbram Rohm wenza njengomlawuli kunye nombhalo, akazange agcinwe. Isalathiso somfanekiso sahlala singachazwanga.

Ngowe-1926, i-maestro yaqala ukudubula ifilimu epheleleyo-"Bay of Death." Nangona kunjalo, ibali leziganeko ezivela kwiinqanawa "Swan" ngexesha leMfazwe yombango, akuzange kubangele ukuhlaziywa kweengxabano ezivela kubahlaziyi befilimu. Andizange ndiyithande ifilimu kunye namagosa aseSoviet, aziva ukuba umbhali wazama ukubonisa izihloko ezinzima kakhulu.

Impumelelo yokuqala

Uzuko lwafika kuAbram Matveyevich emva kokukhishwa kwetape "I-Third Meshchanskaya" (1927). Kulo, wabeka umntu kunye neemvakalelo zakhe ngaphambili. Ibali lexantathu lothando luthandeka kakhulu umbonisi waseSoviet ongenakuqhathaniswa. UAbram Rohm, iifilimu zakhe ziye zaba yi-classical ye-cinema yaseSoviet, yaboniswa ngokucacileyo ngendlela inokwenzeka ngayo ukuba umfazi unokuvakalelwa njani ngamadoda amabini ngexesha elifanayo, kubantu ababahlobo nabo. Kodwa emfanekisweni wokugqibela lo mfazi ushiya zombini. Nangona kunjalo, abasemagunyeni abazange bahlanganyele ngentshiseko yabathengi, becinga umfanekiso ode kude neengcamango zentando yenzululwazi.

Ngasekupheleni kwee-1920 uAbram Rohm, onobumba bakhe ngokuqinisekileyo ufanelwe uviwo olulodwa, ususa omnye umfanekiso ongenakuqondakala kumagunya aseSoviet. Nguwuphi umbuzo othi "Ukunciphisa okungabuyi" (1929). Kule filimu, i-maestro ithatha ingqwalasela yombono kwimeko yokuba kwiimeko zokuzihlukanisa nabantu, umntu unako ukuzalwa kwakhona.

Opal

Emva kokukhululwa kweetrbhoni zezobugcisa "I-Third Meshchanskaya" kunye ne "Mtshakazi ongabuya", kunye ne-documentary "Bumps", echaza ibali yobomi bamaKoloni, abaphathi baphuma kwiCumbi.

Ngenxa yoko, umlawuli "wagxothwa" eMoscow waya kwinkulu ye-Ukrainian SSR.

Sebenza eKiev

Apha i-maestro ilungiselelwe ukuba isebenze kwi-studio yefilimu "Ukrafilm". Kungekudala, uAbram Rohm, owayefakela umfanekiso wakhe rhoqo kwi-press yeSoviet, waqala ukubonisa ifilimu ethi "U-Austere Youth" (1935). Ingqungquthela yothando yefilosofi ngothando iya kufakwa kwi-cinema yeSoviet. Iskripthi sabhalwa ngu-Yuri Olesha.

Ibali lothando lwefilosofi

Kule filimu, akukho mida ecacileyo: ngexesha elifanayo, amaqhawe "awafa" eenkathini ezedlulayo ahlala phakathi: u-survivor Fedor Citronov, uDkt Stepanov kunye nabameli belizukulwana elitsha imizimba yabo eyenziwe njengabadlali bamaGrike. Ngexesha elifanayo, bazama ukugqibelela emzimbeni nangokomoya, ngokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwimigaqo yendlela yokuhlonipha, esekelwe ubunzima bomoya, ukuvakalelwa, ukunyamezela, ukunyaniseka.

Nangona kunjalo, kwifilimu kukho enye ikhowudi yemithetho ekhokela intombazana encinane. Umgaqo wakhe oyintloko kukuba: "Ukuba ufuna into ethile, yenza izifiso zakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba. Ungazibambeli zakho iimvakalelo. "

Umfanekiso wakhiwa ngendlela yokuncintisana ngonaphakade, umzabalazo ohlala unelungelo lokugqibelela. Lapha imali ayiyidlali naluphi na indima, akukho nalingani kwezentlalo, kwaye yonke into eyenziwa ukwenzela ukudala isizwe esitsha. Kodwa ephawulekayo kukuba ukulingana akunakwakhiwa nakwiimeko ezifanelekileyo. Unokuqhuba nayiphi na inkohliso, unike naluphi na uhlobo lokwakha, kodwa abantu ababini abafanayo abayi kukwazi ukukhula, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uzama kangakanani.

Kukho umgca wothando "kwi-Boy Strict". Umqondisi kwakhona uAbram Rohm uphakamisa umxholo weemvakalelo zothando. Amaqhawe ayanyanzelekile ukuba enze ukhetho, nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ngayo ukuziphatha, kunzima. Ngaloo ndlela, i-maestro ibonakaliswe ngokucacileyo-kwimeko yoluntu efanelekileyo kulendawo yothando olungenanto.

Ifilimu yaba yifilosofi kwaye iyamangalisa: ixesha elide abazange bakwazi ukuza negama. Ekuqaleni, unikezwa ngokuthi "Discobol", ngoko "iMicrosoft Komsomolet", kodwa ke yatshintsha "kwi-Youth Strict". Kwaye ngo-1936 abavoti bavunyelwe ukubonisa umfanekiso wefilosofi kwiskrini esikhulu, ukuchaza oku ngento yokuba isicatshulwa salo mfanekiso asiyiyo inyaniso, kwaye ingqiqo yayo ayinakuqondakala. Ifilimu yayibekwe kwi-shelf de ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60, kwaye kuphela emva koko yaqala ukubonisa abaphulaphuli. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingxaki eziphakanyiswe kwi-tepe "Ulutsha oluqinileyo", kwaye namhlanje lufanelekileyo.

Uphulo lokudala

Ngokwemvelo, emva kokuphendula kwamagunya kumfanekiso "u-Austere ulutsha", u-maestro akakwazi ukubukeka ngokucokisekileyo ekugxeka kwakhe umsebenzi. Akakho iifilimu, ukugxila kuphela ekufundiseni.

Kodwa emva kwexesha waqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukubiza kwakhe okwenene kwakukhokelela.

Umoya wesibini

Ngomnyaka we-1940, uAbram Matveyevich weza kusebenzela uMosfilm, ukudubula ifilimu kwakhona. Eli xesha ubeka imifanekiso eyamkelekileyo kwiinkcukacha. La mafilimu alandelayo avunyelwe ukubukela: "I-Squadron No. 5" (1939), "Ukuhlasela" (1944), "ezintabeni zaseYugoslavia" (1946).

Ixesha elide lokuBumba

Ngowe-1956 Umyinge waphendukela kwisihloko soxanduva lwabagqirha abathi, kuzo zonke iindleko, kufuneka basindise ubomi. Ngenxa yoko, ifilimu "Intliziyo ibetha kwakhona ...". Kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 i-maestro iqondiswe imifanekiso esekelwe kwimisebenzi yaseRashiya. Ngokukodwa, sithetha ngeetrbhoni "Garnet Bracelet" (ngokutsho kwePaprin, ngo-1964), "Iiflethi zithwala" (ngokutsho kweChekhov, 1969).

Olunye Udidi

U-Abram Matveyevich wayengenguye kuphela umlawuli weefilimu, kodwa naye umlawuli wezobugcisa beefilimu ezifana ne "Case No. 306" (1956), "Kwiindawo zokubhuka zika-Count" (1957). Kwifilimu ethi "Kiss Mary Pickford" wazama isandla sakhe ekusebenzeni njengomdlali.

Umrhumo obugcisa

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, uRoh waba umbhali wesicwangco esitsha kwi-cinema. Abadlali beemifanekiso zemafilimu banamhlanje baya kuthiwa yi-style hyperrealism, ejolise ekugxininiseni ingqalelo kwimeko yendalo, umdlalo womdlali kunye nale nto, ugxininiso kwihlabathi langaphakathi lomntu.

Ukufumana i-niche yakhe kwezobugcisa uye wancedwa yimisebenzi yengcali yeengqondo V. Bekhterev kunye nomhlalutyi wezesayikethi kaZ. Freud, usebenze kwinqanaba lezemidlalo, usebenze ngamayeza ngoqeqesho.

Ngaphandle ko msebenzi

Ngaba uAbram wayevuyile ngaphandle kobugcisa? Ubomi bobuqu bomlawuli beyona nto ibhetele. Watshata nomdlali we-actress u- Olga Zhizneva, owatshintsha phantse yonke imifanekiso. Kodwa kwakungekho nabantwana kunye no-Abram Matveyevich.

U-Maestro wafa ngoJulayi 26, 1976 eMoscow. Wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni aseVvedensky (eJamani), umnyango olandelayo kumfazi wakhe.