Iimazi zobisi: ingakumbi ukuzala. imveliso zobisi: Iliwa

Ngokuba lo mntu avareji, hayi edibene nezolimo, inkomo naluphi na uhlobo - nto nje isilwanyana. Enye into - nabalimi. Abo benza ukuzala nokukhulisa iinkomo ubisi, yazi eziliqela iimpawu ezichaza iimazi uhlobo yobisi. Nazi iinqobo eziphambili: a Ibele elikhulu, umzimba evuthelweyo, izihlunu ngokwaneleyo.

Overview

Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zonke iinkomo. Kodwa ke imfuno inkulu ukuvelisa ubisi lwenkomo. uhlobo Holstein, Yaroslavl, emathafeni holmogorskaja ezimnyama-mhlophe ke ixhaphake kakhulu eRashiya. Ngokoqobo ngalinye kuneengenelo ezithile phezu kwabanye. Umzekelo, kusenokuba ngamanqatha ubisi okanye ubungakanani bayo. Inyama iimazi hlobo zobisi kumgangatho thile nganto imveliso efunyenwe RNC kwezinye ulwalathiso. Ngoko ke musa ukuba kuzo alinyulele inzuzo enkulu mass kwezihlunu.

Ludityanisiwe (inyama okanye zobisi) ezizalana iinkomo zahlukile kwezinye iintlobo iinkomo yokusebenza kwalo. Baye kabini imveliso. Oku kuthetha ukuba izilwanyana ziphuhliswe kakuhle, ubisi kuphela, kodwa umgangatho inyama. Omnye wabo lungabonakaliswa ngokucacileyo. Wandula ke wabhekisela nokuba uhlobo ubisi-inyama, okanye inyama kunye nobisi. Kukho izinto ezininzi. ezizalana iimazi inyama kunye zobisi: Simmental, Bestuzhev, Schwyz, Kostroma kunye nabanye. Kufuneka ke ukuba amafama amaninzi akhetha ngokuba ukuxutywa yabo nemfuyo yabo.

Holstein

Kucingwa yeyona ixhaphakileyo phakathi iinkomo zobisi. Inani labemi yale uhlobo, mhlawumbi ezininzi kakhulu ehlabathini. lakubo - eNetherlands, kodwa bafumana amandla ayo onemveliso, yena sele ifunyenwe kwi aseMelika.

Holstein uhlobo zobisi iinkomo abalimi kusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ezinye omnyama nomhlophe nangobetho iinkomo. Ezi zilwanyana e Canada nase-United States ngokukodwa ukuphucula, ewakhuthaza ukuba nkulu amafutha kunye luninzi.

Xa amathole ezikhulayo, ngokunjalo nokugcinwa nokondliwa iimazi kwasetyenziswa ubugcisa ezikhethekileyo, ezijolise ekudaleni iintlobo ezintsha, maxesha ngakumbi imfuyo yobisi. Ngoko ke, kula mazwe, kukho inani elikhulu RNC abamnyama nabamhlophe umahluko ukusuka izinto yokuqala.

Kukholelwa ukuba i-Holstein iimazi eziphuculweyo uhlobo yobisi zange afunyenwe ngenxa yokuwela, kunye nokuzalana ecocekileyo. Ngako oko izilwanyana ahluka yi kwemveliso yobisi elungileyo, ubungakanani enkulu kunye nomthamo kombele. Akumangalisi ke, omninzi rekordistok udoyu phakathi zinkomo, amatakane hayi kuphela.

iinkunzi ubunzima Live ngokubanzi kuluhlu ukusuka 950 ukuya 1200, neemazi - ukuya kwi 700 kg. Steers ozalwa ubunzima bomzimba ukuya ku-47 kg, amathokazi - 5 kg ngaphantsi. Imibele iimazi okanye ikomityi-ezimilise, okanye ifomu bath-ezimile. bomyinge wamanzi ubisi nemiqulu kg-3 ukuya 3.5 ukuze umzuzu 1. Ngosuku kubo, ungafumana malunga 60-65 kg yobisi ngexesha lokusenga kabini.

Yaroslavl uhlobo

igama layo uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Kuye yakhulela kwinkulungwane XIX kwiphondo Yaroslavl. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kukhethwe yokuzalela ezingcono ukusuka iinkomo zasekuhlaleni. Kwelinye iintlobo oko singaxubeki. Oku kungqinwa kwi isuti Yaroslavl iimazi kuqala uhlobo yobisi, kwakunye koqobo umphandle kunye namanqatha ephakamileyo imveliso onesiphumo. izilwanyana ezininzi isivuno ubisi, ukufikelela uphawu-11 amawaka. 600 kg yobisi ngonyaka ngamnye. In ngaphezu kwesiqingatha amasi Yaroslavl lwenkomo ezinomthamo namanqatha-4% nangaphezulu.

uhlobo Kholmogory

Kuye yakhulela kwinkulungwane XVII kwi kummandla yommandla Arkhangelsk owabizwayo wesizwe. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba iimazi uhlobo wobisi holmogorskaja babe admixture of Dutch Black Pied.

Izilwanyana ziphuhliswa kakuhle. namathole Ubunzima ngexesha lokuzalwa luphakathi-30 ne-35 kg. Yokuba precocity kakhulu. Ubunzima iimazi abadala iyahluka ukusuka 530 ukuya 580, yaye iinkunzi - 810-1000 kg. I-avareji ngokuzala yokuqala yenzeka iinyanga ezingama-30.

Zithembise izityalo abazibandakanya nokulinywa Kholmogory uhlobo, sizimisele umyinge isivuno izilwanyana zabo. Ngo-2004, waba 5380 kg ubisi ezinomthamo namanqatha 3,85% kunye ngobunzulu yempembelelo 1.9 kg ukuba ngomzuzu 1.

Ukhetho Kholmogory uhlobo uqhubeka ezizalayo nyulu igazi Holstein omnyama-motley. Injongo lokuhlolwa - yokuphucula izivuno umgangatho kunye nobisi.

Red emathafeni uhlobo

It has zombili ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Iimpawu ezintle ziquka umthamo zokungaqheli egqwesileyo kunye ukuphendula ukuya ngokulungiswa kakuhle ukutya. Ububi isiqulatho eliphantsi namanqatha ubisi, zivuthwe kade, musculature amahlwempu ezithile iziphene ebonakalayo.

Amafama, abalimi, ngubani ongathanda ukuphucula emathafeni uhlobo obomvu iimazi, kufuneka kuqala anikele ingqalelo ukhetho alufane. Yokuziphatha kufuneka sibe njani na ubisi, kunye ubunzima. Kufuneka ukuba sisebenzele ukwandisa umxholo kwi ubisi protein kunye namanqatha.

Umgangatho imveliso kwi kwiifama ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu. isiqulatho fat Ubisi ekungabonini ukusuka 3.3 ukuya 5.3%, nto leyo ebonisa ngqo imfuneko yokwenza kukhethwe ezingcono kule uhlobo.

uhlobo Black-ne-White

Le inkomo othandwa kakhulu eRashiya. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimazi uhlobo yobisi emnyama namhlophe bakwazi ukuphumelela intembeko abalimi abaninzi ngenxa nemveliso eliphezulu kunye nobungakanani elungileyo ukuze zokungaqheli.

Isiqu yesilwanyana ololulele kancinane, kodwa umlinganiselo, a umbele enkulu. Umbala omnyama nomhlophe. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba kukho ezinye umahluko iimpawu imfuyo zasekuhlaleni iimeko zendalo, ngokunjalo kwinqanaba lweenkomo, zohlobo uchazwe iintlobo ezininzi kunye namaqela. Ahluke ngembonakalo, namanqatha isiqulatho yobisi kunye udoyu.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkomo abamnyama nerhwexu kwiindawo kumbindi weRashiya yayifunyenwe yokunqumla ostfrizskogo neenkomo Dutch kunye Yaroslavl holmogorskoj zasekuhlaleni kunye neemazi. Kwakhona, kukho iimpawu ukungcola kunye shvitckoj iintlobo Simmental. Ezi zilwanyana makhulu kakhulu. Iimazi inobunzima ukuya ku-650, yaye iinkunzi - 1000 kg. Ubisi isivuno liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa obuphantsi isiqulatho namanqatha namanye amaqela.

Iimpawu yokuza-

Xa ixesha poslemolochny kuhleliyo ukusuka kwiinyanga 3-6 ukuya 24, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo, umsebenzi ophambili kukuqinisekisa uphuhliso yesiqhelo kunye ezingekazali ukukhula, kwezichumiso kwabo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokusekwa yabo imveliso yobisi eliphezulu.

Kaninzi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ubudala: 6-9, 9-12, 12-18 kunye iinyanga 18-24. Ngalinye qela elikwi ngaphandle ngomnxeba kwi nezitali kwi kwintsimi ezidla-iyadi free-umqolo okanye kwigumbi inkunkuma enzulu obungenakudlula. Amanzi inikezelwa esebenzisa yabaseli.

Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, amathokazi ngokuqhelekileyo sihamba emadlelweni. Ukuba akukho ukutya ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ukwenza isichumiso, ekufuneka iqulathe ezininzi zengca ingaphelelwayo kunye yodaka eluhlaza yonyaka, kwakunye ligxile. Ebusika, ifidi kufuneka isiqingatha-ibhodi - kusasa nangokuhlwa. Yokudla kufuneka ilawulwe: 25-30% liziphose 40-45% 28-33% silage hay. Kodwa umgangatho inyama iimazi uhlobo zobisi unika ezo ntlobo ezifuyelwa ngqo le mveliso.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba kulinywa amathole abaselula onke amaxesha kufuna ukudalwa kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo-mali yesondlo sabantwana babo nokondla. Oku kuya kuba negalelo kakhulu kuphuhliso uhlobo efunekayo imazi kunye isivuno eliphezulu ubisi.

amaxabiso

Ukukhulisa iinkomo inyama okanye ubisi - ingumzamo zintle, zinokubanceda. Ukuba ityala kwambatha umlambo, ngoko akukho ingxaki ezikhethekileyo umnini, akazange adale. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iimazi zobisi apho ixabiso engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune inyama, kufuna ingqalelo kakhulu ngakumbi.

msebenzi kubonisa ukuba umnini unalo ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nezakhono. Kuyimfuneko ukujongana kakuhle nemiba ntle yezilwanyana ehlotyeni nasebusika lonyaka, njani yaye lowo ukuya kunikezela ubisi kunye nenyama, yintoni yokwenza umgquba, apho ukufumana ukutya, njalo-njalo .. Ukongeza, simele sibe nako ukuqonda iindidi zezilwanyana ukuze azi onke amaxabiso. Umzekelo, iinkomo uhlobo yobisi. ixabiso yabo ziyahluka ukusuka 40 ukuya 55 lamawaka. Kwaye phezu namathole-25 amawaka. engange. Kuphela emva kokuba zonke ezi iinkcukacha, unako uqhubeke ukufuya amathokazi ziza kufundwa.