Iimeko zokusebenza: Ulwahlulo imiba mveliso yokusingqongileyo. Ukuhlelwa ecocekileyo kweemeko zokusebenza

Ukuphucula i-sikhokelo esemthethweni kwaye icebisa utshintsho abathile kwiimeko zomsebenzi. Ucalulo kweemeko zokusebenza ibaluleke kakhulu izikhombisi zomsebenzi, kwakunye kwezempilo, ubomi ukusebenza, isimo sabo ukuba umsebenzi wabo kunye neziphumo zawo. Ngokusekelwe kulo mkhuba, iindleko zophuhliso ukuphucula iimeko kugwetyelwa ukusebenza uze uhlawule ngokupheleleyo off emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu.

Indlela zesayensi

Ngesayensi, kukho inkcazelo yakhe neemeko zokusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli gama libhekisela iseti izinto zokuvelisa, leyo abe ukufaneleka ngqo kurhulumente ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni yomntu (ezempilo, intlalo-ntle, ubuhlobo kwimisebenzi), kwakunye nefuthe malunga nokusebenza imisebenzi yayo. Ngoko izicacele ukuba ingqiqo ezifana ukuhlelwa iimeko zokusebenza kwiimeko ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo.

Abaphengululi baye imiba emininzi ukuba imisele imiqathango yokusebenza. yokuhlelwa kwazo uzimisele ngeendlela ezimbini: eyokuqala zezo zisekelwe iimpawu zemveliso, kwaye eyesibini - abo ukuba uhlobo imveliso akuxhomekekanga. Le yokugqibela, njengokuba umthetho, enemo yendalo, yezentlalo, ezoqoqosho okanye ezinye.

ukuhlanganiswa zomthetho

Standards, ezizezi Guidelines R.2.2.755-99, eyasekwa imiqathango yococeko ngazo ukuvavanya neemeko zokusebenza. Ukuhlelwa iimeko abasebenza phantsi ziingozi umngcipheko izinto ze yemveliso bume, ubungozi okhaliswa inkqubo yomsebenzi, eyenziwe yi Russian Ministry of Health ngo-1999, ibonisa amanqanaba amathathu iimeko abasebenza phantsi yengxinano nokuntsonkotha umsebenzi. Zezi:

1. Iqondo eliphezulu, okanye njengoko kuthiwa, umsebenzi lula.
2. umsebenzi Eyamkelekileyo umsebenzi medium-umsebenzi kunye.
3. Eyingozi, oko ngumsebenzi onzima.

Ixabiso iimeko zokusingqongileyo

Ukuhlelwa iimeko abasebenza phezu imiba yeemeko zokusingqongileyo ezisekelwe iimpawu production ukuthi, ke, yahlulwe imveliso ngqo kunye nezentlalo-nasengqondweni. Eyona umdla mthetho kunye izazinzulu ngabo kuxhomekeka uhlobo lomsebenzi. Ezi zinto, ukongeza yokuba babe negunya nefuthe kakhulu kwi neemeko zokusebenza, kwaye zikholisa ezihlala ziguquka. Oku kuya kwandisa kuphela umdla kubo kwaye ufuna ukufunda rhoqo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngakumbi into efana ukuhlelwa iimeko abasebenza imiba yemveliso ukuyilwa zizathu, nangenxa yokuba ifuthe lazo umntu inxaxheba kwimveliso.

yokwahlukanisa zisempilweni

Ingcamango yokuba ucoceko zokugweba mthetho ucacisa indlela ukuthotyelwa bume nemveliso data kunye nenkqubo yabasebenzi kunye nemigaqo ekhoyo. Amalungiselelo apho isekelwe, zezi zilandelayo. Ucalulo kweemeko zokusebenza yabasebenzi isekelwe phezu ubungqongqo ukungangqinelani phakathi zedatha eyiyo kunye nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo. Oku nokuba kumsebenzi ziyingozi kakhulu iimeko zomsebenzi ezifana intsebenziswano kunye abathwali zizifo ezosulelayo, izinto ingakumbi ityhefu, kunye neziyobisi okanye Narcotics.

Ngaloo ndlela, esekelwe kwiziphumo eziyingozi iimeko ukungangqinelani kunye nemigangatho eyamkelweyo, ukubeka iimeko zokusebenza ezifanele kuvumelekile, nobungozi kwaye kuyingozi.

Ukuhlelwa ecocekileyo kweemeko zokusebenza busenza ukuba ukwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela ezine:

1. iimeko ngeyona umsebenzi - abo babiziweyo ukuba kakhulu ngempumelelo zinefuthe elingakanani kwindlela yokwenziwa kwabantu kunye nemveliso. Xa ngezikhondo ukuba waziva ngenkankulu, esingakwaziyo kodwa kuchaphazela iziphumo kakuhle. Standards kwezimo isicelo nezalathisi lwemozulu, kwakunye nenkqubo yemveliso. Kulo mzekelo, iimeko zokhuseleko zithathwa ukuba abo zinto ezingakhuselekanga alithathwanga ngasentla kuvunyelwe eqhelekileyo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwempilo zabasebenzi kunye nokudalwa iimeko ngomdla omkhulu ngesiphumo yabasebenzi. Le yokusebenza umbutho lweshishini uthathwa ukuba ngcono.
2. iimeko ezamkelekileyo ukusebenza - zezo apho ukusebenza ayikho iziphumo ezinobungozi ngasentla esekwe kubasebenzi. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, abasebenzi nonyamezelo kube lula kwakhona emva lokuphumla. Iziphumo umzimba phantsi leyo musa ukudlula wemida yaye ngenxa yezizathu zempilo akubangeli umonakalo enkulu kwimpilo yabasebenzi. iimeko ezamkelekileyo ukusebenza akufanelekanga ukuba kubangele umonakalo noqhekeko kwi imeko emzimbeni okanye kuchaphazela amandla okuzala. imigangatho enjalo ukulimaza inzala engekazalwa. Abasebenzi kufuneka lisebenze ngokupheleleyo kwishifti elandelayo.
   
   Ezi nqobo ezimbini ingqalelo iimeko abasebenza eyamkelekileyo nekhuselekileyo.
   
   
3. Iimeko abasebenza yingozi kuthetha ukuba imveliso yeemeko ezingakhuselekanga ezibandakanyekayo ukuba sibe nefuthe ngqo kunye enamandla impilo yabantu. La manani zigqithise nemigangatho yokwakha yococeko kuchaphazela kakubi umzimba. Ukuhlelwa iimeko abasebenza iqondo ingozi kuxhomekeke impembelelo yabo, nto leyo idla elide kwaye kungakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzima zobomi, nkqu ningandiqumbisi neziphumo ezibi kubantwana elizayo. Olu didi yomsebenzi ayikwazi ukuba zihlelwe njengezamkelekileyo.
4. Iimeko abasebenza eziyingozi Ekwandeni impilo umonakalo nje kuphela, kodwa nobomi babasebenzi. Ukongezelela kwisicelo yokwenzakala ngoko nangoko kubasebenzi ngexesha ukubulawa imisebenzi eyayifunwa nkcukacha yomsebenzi wabo, nayo iba nefuthe nehlala impilo yabo. iintlobo okunzima sesichengeni kunokubangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo umsebenzi emzimbeni. Ngenxa impembelelo elide zizinto ezifana abasebenzi ezahlukahlukeneyo izifo emsebenzini, uninzi akhokelela ubudlolo okanye ukungaqheleki obukhulu inzala. Ukuhlelwa iimeko abasebenza iqondo ingozi yinkqubo olwahlukileyo neenqobo zokugweba kusenza siqonde indlela kukhuselekile ukuba ubomi kunye nempilo ukuba enze umsebenzi othile.

amandla

Ukongeza imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezithile equka umsebenzi ukuya womxhuzulane ethile lwengqondo. Ukuhlelwa izimo zokusebenza iimeko zokusingqongileyo oluthathela ingqalelo imiba akhawunti ngaphandle iqondo harmfulness yemveliso kwaye iindleko zamandla oluyimfuneko lokwenza umsebenzi ngumsebenzi. Inqanaba eneji esetyenzisiweyo kuba sisalathisi indlela nzima umsebenzi owenziwa ngabasebenzi kunye nomgangatho yoxinaniso kwaye amandla idinga. Le nkcazelo ibaluleke ngqo malunga nokuphuculwa ngakumbi lwezalathisi yokusingqongileyo.

Uhlolo kunye nokwahlulwa neemeko zokusebenza hlobo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zemigangatho, ezicacisayo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi imeko apho umqeshwa owenza lo msebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko ukuma okanye ukuhlala isikhundla. Imigangatho bafumanisa ukuba xa inqanaba amandla ehleli yonyuke emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi ekhulwini nethe zaseprayimari. Xa umile, eli nani liphuma kwi 10-12%. Ndakuva yesimo efunekayo imali nemvelo wamandla inyuswe ngesiqingatha. Ukongeza, umsebenzi yengqondo esebenzayo kufuna ezongezelelweyo elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini ekhulwini amandla ngemihla. Lufuna iindleko ezithile umsebenzi kunzima kakhulu okanye luvo, nto leyo inxulunyaniswa ntshikilelo linyukile. Ngoko ke, ukufunda ngokuvakalayo kufuneka isiqingatha kuphela amandla kakhulu nenyathelo efanayo, kodwa wenza ngokwakhe. Performance phambi kwabaphulaphuli ifuna kabini amandla impembelelo, kwakunye xi ingqalelo abasebenzi, ogama imisebenzi enxulumene ubuchwepheshe bee-computer, ezi amazinga abe phezulu ukuya kwikhulu ekhulwini. Ngokusekelwe kwezi nokomzimba iparameters zizalwa kwakheka.

Types of amandla omzimba

Ukuhlelwa iimeko abasebenza ebukhulwini yenkqubo yomsebenzi ixhomekeke kwixabiso amandla ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile, yaza ke ukuvuthuluka yokupasa umzimba, izehlo ukukhubazeka, ukuqala lidiniwe kwaye ifuna ukuphumla kwangexesha. umsebenzi Physical, kuxhomekeke neziphumo zayo umzimba zingahlulwa zibe ndawonye kunye neguquguqukayo.

esizibonakalisa Eyokuqala ngokwayo imfuneko ukugcinwa elide lezifundo kwi imeko efanayo ebangela ukudinwa amaqela athile kwezihlunu. ukusebenza rhoqo kwaye rhoqo ukwimeko esisigxina, kunye nohlobo ombane olufanayo Uxhokonxwa overvoltage, ukonakala kweendlela izihlunu kwakunye ukonakala igazi kumacandelo zabo ezohlukeneyo. Oku kunokubangela isifo ithambo kunye nenkqubo musculoskeletal, kwaye nkqu nokuwa.

umthambo Dynamic - yinto umsebenzi apho kukho umsebenzi olunzulu izihlunu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kubandakanya amaqela amakhulu, ingakumbi emzimbeni yezindlu kunye omzimba. A ngumzekelo obalaseleyo olu hlobo umlayishi abasebenzi yabasebenzi. isicelo olungachanekanga ukuhlelwa iimeko zokusebenza kunokuba yingozi enkulu kwimpilo yakhe.

Buso okanye lommandla umsebenzi dystrophy ubonakala kwi intshukumo kuluncedo komzimba eliphezulu. kuthetha Limited ukuba ababandakanyekayo ngaphantsi kwesinye kwisithathu zonke izihlunu emzimbeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi ezincinane dystrophy ezifana nokupakisha kwempahla, njalo-njalo. D.

ukungakhululeki intsingiselo

Ucalulo kweemeko zokusebenza yi ubucaka kunye nokuqina kufuna nohlahlelo imiba yemveliso, njengoko ubude kunye iqondo ukudinwa kumzimba ukuba lokuphumla elithile ixesha. Ingozi abasebenzi zomzimba (ngokwasengqondweni okanye ngokwasemzimbeni) inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi awayenzayo. Xa umthwalo fatigue olunzulu kwenzeka ngokuxhomekeke into ihamba kunye nomzimba sawo isithuba kwaye womlinganiswa amandla. Xa umsebenzi yengqondo esebenzayo umzimba ishokoxekile ngenxa yengcinezelo ngokweemvakalelo.

Ukuhlelwa izimo zokusebenza ngobunzulu yokwaphuka nkqubo kuqwalaselwa kwi ngumzekelo yemveliso, osekelwe ukusetyenziswa operation ezikrelekrele. Ukufumana imbono kunye nokuqhutywa ulwazi kufuna umgudu omkhulu, nto leyo zisoloko kubandakanya iindleko zamandla. Noko ke, ukuba inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke uhlobo lomsebenzi yengqondo. Ngoko ke, le ndlela ilula lweentlobo ezikhoyo kucingwa ukuba umsebenzi wokuqonda kufuneka izigqibo elizimeleyo. Olu hlobo lichazwa njenge kangangoko. Noko ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko, isigqibo scheme okanye algorithm ezikhoyo, umsebenzi ayide ikwazi kunganxulunyaniswa uhlobo elula msebenzi, ngoko ke kubizwa ngokuba kuphela umsebenzi avumelekile zesidanga sokuqala.

Kwiindidi ezintsonkothileyo ukugqiba umsebenzi ekusombululeni iingxaki algorithm eyaziwa ngaphambili okanye scheme. yokucinga Creative kufuna iindleko eziphezulu amandla, yaye ngoko ke libhekisela umsebenzi owamkelekileyo ngomlinganiselo yesibini.

zokuhlola ezahlukeneyo

, Ukongeza kule milinganiselo elapha ngasentla liphuhlise inzululwazi, kunye nezinye iimeko zokusebenza. Classification eyenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo iimeko zokusebenza. izinto (iimeko) ekunokuthiwa kubo:

• ngokomzimba;
• indlu;
• kwezentlalo;
• imveliso.

Ngokutsho osahluleyo, imiba lucalulo iimeko zokusingqongileyo iimeko zokusebenza chonga imida zilandelayo: iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, ukusulungeka zezulu, kome wayo, umgangatho izibane, ubukho ingxolo okanye intlokoma, intlokoma kunye nentshukumo komoya. iimeko ezinjalo kuchaphazela ukukhathala nokusebenza ngokubanzi.

Ukuphucula kwemo yasemsebenzini kuyimfuneko ukwenza lula ikakhulu lwasekhaya. Le ibandakanya imibandela efana lobushushu kuluhlu 18-20 ° C, HG xi malunga 760 mm, kwaye nokufuma yangaphakathi ye malunga ne-50%.

Iimfuno amaqela ezizodwa

Ukuhlelwa iimeko zokusebenza engongoma ucoceko kubalulekile ukuba iindidi ezithile abantu abafuna ukwenza i nokuba nabungozi kakhulu iimeko kwindawo zokusebenza. Xa lombutho umsebenzi kwisityalo, abasebenzi, abafazi okanye abantwana, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo nokubanako eziphilayo. Ngenxa awohluke kumzimba elithokazi ngaphantsi kakhulu kunabantu, ziqhelana ukwenza imisebenzi olunzima ezifana ukuphakamisa iintsimbi. Ngoko ke, ukubandakanyeka kwabasetyhini imisebenzi enjalo akuvumelekanga ngumthetho. Oku kuyinyaniso ukuba intsha. Iqumrhu abantwana akufuneki ukusekwa ngokupheleleyo, ngoko nomsebenzi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo imiqathango kunye nokwahlulwa neemeko zokusebenza, leyo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha migangatho.

ngokwahlukana meaning

Loo nkqubo a ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela ukudala iimeko kangangoko kuwo onke amaqela abemi. Ukuhlelwa kwemeko imiba okusingqongileyo usebenza kwimeko bantwana ngenkani abaqeshi ukwakha izakhiwo kwakungayi athintele uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo kunye nokukhula kwabantwana. Okokuqala kumayelana imisebenzi odinga, nto leyo eye luxanduva kakhulu emzimbeni komntwana kunye nophuhliso yayo ngakumbi. Izihlunu kunye namathambo kule lobudala angekayazi eyona nto ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo kusongela komsipha, ukugruzuka kunye nophuhliso omkhulu kumzimba. Abantwana kufuneka iiyure zokusebenza ezimfutshane, kwakunye kuphela ngokucacileyo ubungqongqo impahla, ezinokukhulisela kule nkqubo. malungiselelo afanayo ibekwe ukuwufeza amandla kunye kumabhinqa. Amaqela ezinjalo ukuqala umsebenzi ebusuku kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba abafazi kunikwa ikhefu lokubeleka kunye nokutshintsha indawo yomsebenzi ngexesha ukhulelwe a semiphunga.

Ukuhlelwa ecocekileyo kweemeko zokusebenza kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukukhusela impilo yoluntu, kwaye ingakumbi kwezakhi kakhulu babuthathaka. Umzekelo, kwi manual kwi iikhrayitheriya yococeko lowu ubukho babo lula ulawulo lwempilo zabasebenzi kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemiqathango iimfuno ezikhoyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukulondolozwa ephambili kwezempilo zikarhulumente ukunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, rhoqo ukwenza iitshekhi lujoliswe ekubhaqeni yokungangqinelaniyo izithuba kunye neengxaki zempilo. Ukongeza, ubukho kwenkqubo yovavanyo enye lwenza yenkampani nganye ukugcina iirekhodi kunye ukuthatha amanyathelo ngexesha zokuphucula zabo. Ucalulo kweemeko zokusebenza yokusingqongileyo yokusebenza lula ukubanjwa lokuhlola iNtetho zokusebenzela, zokugweba ngokuphathelene nokuthotyelwa kwazo kunye nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi kunye notshutshiso abantu iyagcinwa le migangatho. Kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo malungiselelo anceda ukuphanda iimeko ephule komthetho inyule nomlinganiselo othintelo ukuba afunyanwe enetyala komgomo ezinjalo.