Ukunyuka kwekota: iteknoloji. Ukusebenza kwe-thermite welding kwizinto zobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye noshishino lombane

Imveliso yemisebenzi yokwelusa, kungakhathaliseki iteknoloji esetyenziswayo, ihambelana nomfuno wenkqubela ejongene nengxaki yomsebenzi. Inkosi kufuneka ilungiselele izixhobo, ukubonelela kunye nokunyamekela ukhuseleko. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iindleko zesiganeko, kuba ukubonelelwa ngemali kwimiba enjalo kwi-regime ayisoloko ilungelelanisa umgangatho wesiphumo esifumanekileyo. Kule nkalo, enye yeyona nto inenzuzo kakhulu ukuxiliswa komzimba, okubonakala ngokulula ukuphunyezwa, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo kunye nakwezinye iimeko kuvumela ukufikelela kwamanyathelo aphezulu.

Zixhobo ze te knoloji

Inkqubo yokuhambisa i-termite ibonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kwemicebo ekhethekileyo yepowder, ebudeni bomshushu ovelisa ukushisa okukhulu. Njengomthetho, ezi ngxube zetsimbi, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-termites. Umdibaniso wendabuko uquka ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo amabini - ubunzima bokutshabalalisa kunye nokubunjwa okuphuma kukho ukushisa. Njenge-oxide, ibanga elivela kwisinyithi liyavela, kwaye umenzi-mshini oyintloko unomthi ophethe i-magnesium ne-aluminium. Ukongeza, iteknoloji ye-thermite welding ivumela ukusebenzisa i -chromium, i- tungsten ne-nickel oxides . Ngenxa yezi powders, umphumo we-thermal uphuculo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umxube we-aluminium kunye ne-magnesium unikeza ubushushu malunga nama-2500 ° C, ngoko i-chromium compounds iphakamisa ubushushu kuma-3500 ° C. Kukho imixube yefusi. Ukwakhiwa okuqhelekileyo kulo msebenzi kukudibanisa i-magnesium, i-sodium kunye ne-peroxide. Iimpawu eziqingqiweyo zesiganeko esivuthayo ziquka ukugcinwa kokufudumala kokushisa okutshatyalaliswayo phantsi kweemeko zokudibanisa ngamanzi. Ngamanye amazwi, umxube awunakwenzeka ukucima ngokukhawuleza.

Iindidi zokumanyiswa komzimba

Kukho iindlela ezine ezisisiseko zokwenza olo hlobo lwe-welding - ngokusebenzisa ukugxotha okuphakathi, ukudibanisa, ukuphela kokuphela kunye ne-duplex. Kwinkqubo yokwenza umsebenzi ngokuphonsa ngokukhawuleza, umxube we-powder udlulela kwiimeko zesityezelo sensimbi, kwaye oku akuchaphazeli iimpawu zokuqala zezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa izakhiwo zetsimbi, eziphambili kwiindawo ezifunwayo. Ngokukodwa ekusebenzeni ngeemveliso zeplates, i-cathode kunye neendawo zokucima amanzi, ukuxiliswa kwexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elilodwa, umxube okhishwe ngaphambili kwisithandweni somlilo. Intlakhnoloji edibeneyo ibandakanya ukudibanisa kwe-injection molding kunye ne-welding ekupheleni. Oko kukuthi, inkosi ingenza umsebenzi oyisisiseko kunye nokuxuba umbane, kwaye ugqibe imiphetho nge-welt butt. Ngokuphathelele i-duplex, le ndlela ibonelela ukuqaliswa kwesigaba esongezelelweyo, ngexesha lokunciphisa i-gused fap yesakhiwo senziwa.

Izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo

Isiseko sogubungelwano sisisigxina, esinika amandla okusebenzisana nama-termite, kubandakanywa nokukhutshwa kwesinyithi sobuninzi obuncibilikiweyo. Le nto ingenziwa ngeekeramics okanye i-tungsten, kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yolawulo lokushisa. Ukulungiswa ngokuhlukileyo kunye nokubunjwa ukuphonsa. Iimatriki ezikhethekileyo zivumela ukuba zisebenze ngeendlela ezininzi ezibunjiweyo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela izixhobo zokumakishwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo ngendlela yokucoca kunye nokulungisa izixhobo zezakhiwo ezinkulu, ipaki ekhethekileyo kunye neepensile ezobugcisa ezenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo lolu hlobo lwemisebenzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yomsebenzi kunye neemfuno zesiphumo, ityhuna ekhethekileyo yomdlali kunye ne-thermometer ingafuneka.

Umkhuba wokuhlela umsebenzi ekhaya

Kwizoqoqosho lwasekhaya olu hlobo lwe-welding luhlangula abo abangenako ukuphumeza ngokufanelekileyo umbane we-arc okanye i-gas inyibilika. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-termite enobushushu obuncinane malunga ne-1300 ° C isetyenziswa. Le ndlela ivumela ukubonelela nge-aluminium elula, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungise imfucu encinci kwizakhiwo zetsimbi, ukufumana imisebenzi yokulungisa imoto okanye ukulungisa ukufakwa kwendawo yokwakha. Njengomthetho, ukunyuka kwexesha lokuhlala ekhaya kuqhutywe ngaphandle kweevensi ezikhethekileyo. Isixhobo sokusebenza siya kuba yipenciliti yokuphelisa, kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo apho ungafikelela khona uxhumano oluhlala njalo.

Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi kwiimeko zoshishino

Umbutho wezoshishino wenkqubo yokulusa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemixube ye- thermite inezinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo. Okokuqala kuzo zonke iinkqubo zetsimbi ezisebenzayo zikhutshwa ngokukhutshwa kokushisa. Ezi ziimpawu ezifanayo kunye nokufakwa kwe-chromium, i-tungsten kunye nezinye izinto ezineomsebenzi oshisayo wokushisa. Kwintlangano yezobugcisa yenkqubo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinamandla, okokuthi, ipensile enye yokuhlala ayikhawulelwanga kwiingcali. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyusa ukuphela kombane kumashishini kagesi kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweenjini, i-thermostats kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba ubeke iliso kwiimimiselo zomsebenzi. Uphawu lwesithathu olubonakalisa ukunyusa kumacandelo oshishino kukulungiswa kwezixhobo eziphathekayo zokubamba. Ukushiya ukukhangela okubhaliweyo kusetyenziswe ukuzalisa izikhala, ukubethelela phezulu, abanikazi kunye nokugcinwa kweendlela ezizodwa.

Iimpawu zetambo ze-welding

I-teknoloji ye-welmite welding isebenza kakuhle ngokusebenza ngombane wombane. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela ingasetyenziswa kumashishini nakwikhaya. Kwixesha lokuqhuba umsebenzi, uxhumano lwentsimbi yonxibelelwano lwe-wiring luyakhiwa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele apha ukuba kwindawo yokuxinwa kwintambo kwisayithi lokumisa, ukumelana nombane kunciphisa ukuhambelana nolunye uxwebhu. Ukuze i-welding yona, i-cartridge ye-termite ekhethiweyo isetyenziswa. Ngokukodwa, ngoncedo lwayo, ukuxiliswa kwexesha lokugcina iifriji zenziwe nge-aluminium kunye nensimbi yenziwa. Kukho iikharriji ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kunye neensimbi zobhedu - zenziwe ngumbumba we-chill.

Khu seleko ngexesha lokuswela

Kuzo zonke izinto ezilula zokulanda, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yezinto ezithile zeekhemikhali zemixube ye-thermite ukuba kunokuba imigaqo ekhuselekileyo yokukhuseleko imiselwe. Okokuqala, kukho iimfuno ezizodwa zokulungiselela ukugcinwa kwe-powders metallic. Kufuneka igcinwe kuphela kumagumbi asomileyo nelhushu. Ukongezelela, ukunyuka kwexesha elimisiweyo akuvumeli ukusetyenziswa kwamacupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokutshisa. Okwesibini, iimfuno ezizodwa zifakwe kwiimeko zokunyusa. Umsebenzi ungenziwa kuphela kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kwama-10 ° C. Amalungu kufuneka ahlambuluke aze ahlawule.

Iimveliso kunye nokuxhamla kwe-welmite welding

Izibonelelo ziquka ukufumaneka kwezixhobo, ukulula kwezinto ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi ngexesha lokusebenza komsebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, olu khetho lufanelekile ukunyuka okukhulu kwezakhiwo zokwakha, kunye nemisebenzi emisebenzi yasekhaya. Ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo, ukunyuka kwexesha elide kubangela ubunzima obuninzi ekusebenziseni amajoyina angenanto. Inyaniso kukuba ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokusebenza, inkosi ayikwazi ukujonga ngokupheleleyo umgangatho wokwakheka kwe-gap kunye noxhumo. Ngenxa yoko, akuyimfuneko ukuthembela ekunciphiseni nokucocwa kweengxenye zezakhiwo ngaphandle kokuchithwa okukhulu kwiimeko ezininzi. Kodwa ngokubhekisele kumandla kunye nokuzinza ukuxhunywa kwexesha lokugqibela kubonwa njengelona lihle kakhulu.

Isiphelo

Abavelisi bezixhobo zokuhambisa i-welding ikakhulukazi bathuthukisa izixhobo zokusika, ukunika iimpawu eziphezulu zokusebenza kuyisistim sefuthe. Le ndlela yokuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ichanekile, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinamandla okwandisa ngokwemvelo kudinga utyalo-mali olukhulu ekunikezeni amandla. Njengoko umgangatho wokunyusa ukuhlala kwimihla ngemihla kubonisa, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zentsimbi esekelwe kwi-aluminium kunye ne-magnesium kumandla okusika kunika impembelelo efanayo nangezinye iindlela. Enye into kukuba umxholo wale mixube iyafuna ilahleko kunye neendleko. Kodwa ezi ngxaki zihlawulela ukuxhomekeka kweteknoloji. Ubukho eplasini yoluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-powders zetsimbi ezivela e-aluminium ukuya kwi-tungsten ziya kudala iintlobo ezixubekileyo, ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa abalalayo, kunye nomsebenzi omhle ngeencingo.