Iimyuziyam art Russian kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kubomi benkcubeko

E Greece yamandulo, le ndawo (Museion) ngokwemveli ozinikezeleyo uthi, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo akhiwe ooAshera ezingcwele okanye iitempile. Kwiintsomi, lo uthi baba umxhasi yesiGrike ubugcisa, imibongo, inzululwazi - yiyo ingqiqo yendawo engcwele, apho ukuze kunikwe imbeko ngandlela zonke. Igama elithi "myuziyam" efanayo kuvela ezisetyenziswa ngethuba Renaissance eYurophu. Kukho amaziko olondolozo kunye namaziko wabiza isakhiwo kugcino imisebenzi ezibalaseleyo inzululwazi nobugcisa, wadala yi uluntu.

Yintoni Museum Art?

Museums azifani: zembali kunye nobugcisa, noncwadi nabazinikeleyo kumaqela athile yobuhlanga okanye amazwe, uluntu okanye abantu. iimyuziyam Art beshumayela indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwabo bonke. Apha, njengokuba umthetho, nxiba ukubonisa imisebenzi yobugcisa - ocoliweyo bokuhombisa: Imizobo eqingqiweyo, kushicilelwa kunye nemizobo, amalaphu kunye iikhaphethi, ngodongwe kunye namalaphu. Kwiimyuziyam mihla kuliwa kuphela ugcino kunye nokuboniswa imiboniso, kodwa isifundo sabo ezibanzi, ngokunjalo nokubuyiselwa amangcwaba ixabiso yokuluka kakhulu.

Art iimyuziyam of Russia (Russia)

A bit kwembali. ishishini Museum Russia iminyaka eliwaka phambili. E Kievan Rus, umzekelo, xa icawa nezigodlo, yaye ezinye izixeko ezisagcinwe amalaphu zizityebi, amanqaku bejewellery, iincwadi (ngesandla) ngegolide ezixabisekileyo kunye nesilivere, ihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo. Kwaye ibandla sacristy likwaneklinkhi ingqokelela sisityebi. Ngoko, kwi Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra (Sergiev Posad) yaba ingqokelela emifanekiso zobugcisa isicelo. Kwaye ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16 baqalisa ukuba ingqokelela izityebi umdla Izikrweqe Chamber kwi yesicelo, eMoscow. Ukusuka kuyo, sinokuthi, futhi ivela iimyuziyam zobugcisa Russian. Izikrweqe - Museum endala, neyasekwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1806 kodwa zazikho kwakudala ngaphambi koko. Ngoku yena siyinxalenye lwembali yesicelo.

Kunstkamera kwaneempepha zabucala

I-museum yokuqala Russian yoluntu nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela iKhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi e St. Petersburg, wadala ngenyathelo Tsar uPetros Great ngo-1714. Isivula kwenzeka ngo-1719-m. Noko ke, Kunstkamera - Museum nga ni vutshila kakhulu. Kukho ziye zanikezelwa ngaphandle imisebenzi yobugcisa, iindidi nemiboniso yesayensi zendalo uPetros ezifunyenwe ngethuba uhambo lwakhe, okanye afumaneka kummandla Russian. Ingqokelela inkulu yabucala amaninzi Winter Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Pavlovsk kunye Peterhof (emva revolution zonke ezi amafa kunye amabhotwe zaye uhulumeni waza wajika waba iimyuziyam zobugcisa Russian). Ngaloo wabonakala Estate Museum Arkhangelskoye, Kuskovo kunye nabanye.

Hermitage

Art iimyuziyam of Russia - isehlakalo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso inkcubeko yelizwe. Umzekelo, ingqokelela eninzi mizobo zaye zathengwa 1764, obengowabaya amanyathelo okuqala ekudalweni Hermitage eSt Petersburg.

Noko ke, khangela umsebenzi wobugcisa ngelo xesha abakwazanga bonke: ukufikelela Hermitage, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye ngokuqokelela ezininzi yabucala Ngaloo mihla abambalwa kakhulu. Kwaba kuphela kwinkulungwane ye-19 (isiqingatha sesibini), enkosi imigudu nezazi Russian, leyo walwa emaphepheni kunye nokuvuleleka kwamaziko enjalo ukufikelela evuleleke nobuncwane Hermitage ezinye iingqokelela zabucala (Pryanishnikova Tretyakov Ostroukhova).

Art iimyuziyam of Russia: uluhlu

1. Ukufunyanwa kwe Tretyakov Gallery, imyuziyam zobugcisa yokuqala zobugcisa Russian eMoscow ngenkulungwane ye-19, kufuneka abeke phambili. Umsunguli umrhwebi Tretyakov, ubhidwe nezimvo bezizibhadubhadu waza wadala ingqokelela elikhulu imisebenzi yobugcisa. Wabona umsebenzi wakhe ungumqokeleli lweshishini lonke besive abantu Russian. Ke yayambethe gallery kwempembelelo engenakulinganiswa ekuphuhliseni ngokoqobo in ukupeyinta, kunye nezinye iintlobo zobugcisa.
2. Akukho kuphela zeengqukuva, kodwa kweli phondo wavula iimyuziyam zobugcisa Russian. Uluhlu iyaqhubeka Saratov Art Museum ogama emva Radishchev, kuvulwa ngo-1885.
3. Ngowe-1895-9898 gg. ivula museum Russian zobugcisa kazwelonke, nayo leyo yaba ifumaneke kuluntu jikelele.
4. 1912 - Arts Fine I-museum e Moscow (ngoku - Pushkin).
5. Emva kokuba revolution 1917, zonke iimyuziyam zobugcisa engephi kwaye ezinkulu Russia babe nempahla karhulumente. Sesikwenzile "Art bobabo ebantwini" kangangoko akubeka kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa umntu oqhelekileyo, kunye neemyuziyam iba umthombo kunye isixhobo kwemfundo okugqithileyo kwabasebenzi. Amagama iimyuziyam zobugcisa Russian ezinikezwa kunye namagama amatsha. Ezi ziquka ezo zivaliweyo, neegalari kazwelonke lwembali eArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, eUnited lweBaltic. Kukho museum of lobuciko e Palekh, Mstera, imyuziyam lobuqu ngokuzinikela umsebenzi artist ethile. Eyona Umsebenzi kula maziko - imfundo ubuhle abantu, ukufunda, restoration kunye nolondolozo ezikhumbuzo nanto art.