Iimyuziyam ezincinci zamachiza eMoscow nase-Ekaterinburg

Wonke umntu ongabandakanyeki kumsebenzi wezobugqirha unomdla ukwazi ukuba ziphi izixhobo eziyimfihlakalo kunye nezobuhlungu ezifihliweyo phantsi kwephepha elibumba kwiingubo zokugqoka okanye kwenzeka ntoni kwigumbi lokusebenza phantsi kokukhanya kwezibane. Iimyuziyam yeyeza, ngokuqinisekileyo, ivula isigqubuthelo semfihlelo encinci, kodwa imiboniso ebonakalayo ibonisa imbali yophuhliso lwezonyango, impumelelo yoogqirha abakhulu, imisebenzi yabo kunye neencwadi, iifoto kunye neefowirithi, amabhaso.

Inkcazelo

Kuze kube ngoku, eRashiya akukho nyuzoyamachiza kwiphina isixeko njengeziko elizimeleyo. Zonke ziyiminyango eyongezelelweyo kwiiyunivesithi, kwii-academy, kwiindawo zenzululwazi zonyango okanye kwizibhedlele. Abadali kunye nabalondolozi, kunye nezikhokelo, ngabaqeshwa bamaziko achazwe ngasentla, oko kukuthi, oogqirha, abahlengikazi, abaphandi.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufike kumaziko amyuziyam embali, kufuneka uhambe kulawulo kwaye wenze amalungiselelo okuqala kunye nabasebenzi abambisene nabo malunga ne-excursion. Ininzi iindwendwe kwiimyuziyamu ezinjalo zendawo kwaye zihambela abafundi bezobugqirha, oogqirha abavela kwiidolophu zaseRussia kunye nabalingane babo bangaphandle.

IiMyuziyamu zonyango eRashiya: imbali yendalo

Iikholeji ze-antiquarian zivele zibonakala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 ukuya kwinqanaba leendlunkulu, apho oodade benceba baphatha kakubi umphefumlo kuphela, kodwa kunye nomzimba, kunye nakwii-pharmacy.

Umsunguli weemyuziyam efana nangoPetros I, owayenomdla owaziwayo kwi-Kunstkammer edumileyo ngo-1719 kwaye usasebenza eSt. Petersburg. Mhlawumbi, le yodwa imeko xa umlawuli eqala ukudala iziko lelo hlobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abadali bamaziko olondolozo lwembali lwezonyango ngamalungu oluntu luluntu, izazinzulu kunye noogqirha. I-Kunstkammer yenye yezinto ezincinci zemyuziyam zonyango apho umntu angakwazi ukuya khona.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, iimyuziyam ezininzi zavulwa kwiiyunivesithi zonyango: i-Pirogov Memorial Museum, iMyuziyamu yoMbutho waseRashiya wokuLondolozwa kweMpilo kaRhulumente, njl. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iMyuziyamu yeMicrosoft ye-Social Hygiene yaqala umsebenzi wayo kwiminyaka yobukhosi baseSoviet. Izibhengezo zemyuziyam zonyango eMoscow nakwamanye amadolophu (eKiev, eSt. Petersburg, eYekaterinburg, eKazan, naseNovorossiysk) zivela kwisikhumbuzo nakwizembali zoshishino. Ngokomzekelo, umyuziyam ogqirha okanye utyando.

Iimyuziyam ezincinci zamachiza eRashiya

Iimyuziyam zeMicrosoft Medicine eMoscow yiyona eyona nto yokuqala kwiimyuziyamu ezinjalo kwiRashiya kuphela, kodwa nakumazwe aseNtshona. Yadalwa phantsi kobunkokheli beProfesa Saveliev ngo-1913.

Umqoqo obalaseleyo wemiboniso kwi-museum yembali yonyango kwelinye leziko lemfundo elidala-iYunivesithi. I-Sechenov, efumaneka eMoscow ecaleni kwesiteshi se-metro "Frunzenskaya." Kukho imiboniso emininzi eyenzelwe ngamachiza asemajoni asemajoni ngo-1941-1945, "ukuziphendukela kwemvelo" kwezixhobo zokugqithisa ezivela emaplanga naseparulini ukuya kutsho namhlanje. Kukho uncedo oluninzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo, izinto kunye namabhaso oogqirha abakhulu baseRussia (i-Sechenov, iPirogov, i-Pavlov kwaye kwaye wayenomsebenzi omfutshane wezokwelapha weChekhov).

I-Mechnikov Museum ye-Forensic Medicine eSt. Petersburg ibilokhu iphakamisa inzala enkulu kuphela kubafundi bamaziko ogqirha, kodwa nakwabantu bezinye izikhundla. Kuze kubekho-2000 kwakukho isebe elinemithombo ebonakalayo yokufunda abafundi abaneminyaka yesithandathu befunda iyeza zonyango. Emva koko i-yunivesithi yavula umyuziyam, onokutyelelwa ngamaqela okhenketho ahleliweyo ngokuqeshwa. Kwimiboniso eyingozi kakhulu, into ekhunjulwayo ngumama wentombazana eyayixhonywa emaplanga, umama womntu owayengumlutha otywala, ehleli etafileni, okwenzakeleyo kwintwaqa, izitho zomzimba ezigulayo, umphunga omnyama we-smoker kunye nomonakalo ongabonakaliyo kwiibhanki ezine-formalin.

IiMyuziyamu Zonyango eMoscow

KwiNkqununu kukho i-museum ezili-10 zemichiza ezifakwe kwiikholeji, iziko, iiyunivesithi nezibhedlele.

Imyuziyam yeMbali yeMicrothelo yaseMoscow State Medical and Dental University yasungulwa ngowe-1926 kwaye izinikele ngokukodwa kumashishini angundoqo. Apha kukho izihlalo zezinyama ze-chic zonyango lobukhosi obuphezulu, oomatshini bamazinyo, abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 ubudala.

Imyuziyam yoPhando lwezeMpilo kwiZiko leNzululwazi. I-Bakulev ibonisa iintsimbi zentliziyo ezahlukahlukeneyo, igumbi lokusebenza eliphakathi kwe-20 leminyaka, ukujikeleza kwegazi kunye ne-anesthesia zixhobo zakhiwe kwakhona. Abasebenzi benza uhambo olunolwazi malunga nokubonakaliswa kwangaphambili komntu entsimini yesimo senhliziyo.

Kwimyuziyam yembali yolwaphulo. UVishnevsky unokufunda i-biography ye-odokotela ogqirha uPirogov, ubone iileta zakhe kunye namabhaso, kunye ne-atlas yokuqala ye-atomigraphic of human anatomy, ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bayeka ukusebenza "ngokungafihlekanga" kunye "nokuthintela."

IMyuziyamu yeMicrothe yase-Ekaterinburg

Ukuqokelelwa kwemiboniso yavulwa ekuqaleni kwama-80. Inkulungwane ye-XX kwiSibhedlele seNklinikhi yeSithili seSverdlovsk esingu-1 kwaye inemiboniso engaphezu kwama-70,000.

Uninzi lwamagumbi okugcina adibene nemisebenzi yamagqirha adumile ase-Ural uSheffer, uLida noKushelevsky: nangoowabo impahla kunye namabhaso abo, amanqaku kunye neendlela zokupheka. Eminye imiboniso ivela kumachiza enkcubeko, kuquka imithi yamaSilamsi, kukho iiklasi ezindala, iisethi ze-ophthalmologist, wamazinyo kunye ne-gynecologist. Imyuziyamu inokungena mahhala kumntu onomdla kumachiza. Ungabiza ukulawula kwangaphambili kwaye uququze uhambo, apho abasebenzi baza kuxela ngokuzithengisayo ngamabali ahlaziyileyo kunye nolwazi malunga neqoqo yabo.

Inendima yeemyuziyam eyeza kuluntu kuluntu

Eyokuqala, iimyuziyamu ezinjalo zenzelwe abafundi abafumana uqeqesho logqirha, okanye ngabafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo abafuna ukudibanisa ubomi babo kunye namayeza esikhathini esizayo. Ngokomzekelo, iMyuziyamu yeMpilo Yembali yaseYekaterinburg ivulekele kuzo zonke iindwendwe. Nangona kunjalo, inqaku labasebenzi lokuba abantu abaqhelekileyo kwezinye zeemiboniso zibonakala ziphazamisekile, ngoko zifuna kuphela uhambo oluya kwiimyuziyam ukuze zanelise iinqwenela zabo. Abafundi beeyunivesithi zezokwelapha bahambela umboniso amaxesha amaninzi ukuze bafumane inzuzo enkulu kwixesha elizayo lomsebenzi.

Ngombulelo wemiboniso enjalo, umntu uyaziqonda ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi omhle wabasebenzi bezonyango, esekelwe kwizinto ezinzulu kunye noluntu. Izinto zeMyuziyamu zonyango zamasimu zibonisa ukuba kunzima kangakanani oogqirha noodade ukuba benze iimeko zonyango kwiimeko zokungahlambulukanga kunye neengongelo ezingapheliyo zokuhlasela.

Imiboniso yonyango engaphambili yenze ukuba abantu babuye baphinde bacinge ngeendlela zobomi babo, babuye bacinge ngemimoya emibi, baxabise baze bathande zonke izinto ezintle ezisijikelezile.