Iinkqubo zesenzo se-insulin. Inkcazo nenjongo yokulungiselela

Isifo sesifo sikashukela sisifo esifanayo esingazigqithisi abantu abahlukeneyo, ubulili kunye neemeko zemali. Kubalulekile ukwazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zesi sifo zingabonwa ngokuthe ngqo ngesigulane kunye nendlela yokusebenza xa zifunyenwe. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwesi sifo kunokuba luncedo olukhulu ekunciphiseni imiphumo yokuphuhliswa kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba nobukho bokuxilongwa "ngesifo sikashukela" asisigwebo. Izigulana zinokuqhubeka nokukhokelela ubomi obupheleleyo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ngoko, uluhlu oluthile lwezigulane kufuneka lenze rhoqo injections ye-insulin. I-hormone ekhethekileyo echaphazelekayo ekulawuleni iinkqubo ezininzi zeekhemikhali emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba le nyango izuze ngokwenene isigulane, kuyinqweneleka ukuqonda iindlela zokwenziwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni womntu. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amanqaku amaninzi. Phakathi kwabo: iimpawu zempatho zamachiza ezenzekayo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-insulin; Iintlobo zeziyobisi ezisekelwe kuyo; Imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinombuzo; Izindlela zokulawula i-insulin; Izizathu zesidingo sokubeka esweni rhoqo isiguli somzimba. Zonke ezi ngongoma ziya kuchazwa ngokucacileyo kamva kweli nqaku.

IHormone insulin

Le hormone iveliswa ngumzimba ngendlela yendalo. Kwinkqubo yokutya ukutya, i-carbohydrate kwimveliso yokutya ijika ibe yigazi le-glucose. Le nkunkuma ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla emzimbeni womntu. Uphi i-insulin eveliswayo? Kwi pancreas. Yiyo hormone edlala indima ephambili ekusebenziseni i-glucose, kwakunye nokubunjwa kwee-stocks. Ngaphandle kwe-insulini, ezinye i-hormone, ezifana ne-glucagon kunye ne-amylin, zibandakanya kule nkqubo.

Isenzo se-hormone kwi-carbohydrates metabolism

Iindlela zokusebenza kwe-insulin emzimbeni ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zokuxilongwa. Makhe sixoxe ngomnye wemiphumo yale hormone. Ngokufanayo, yintoni eyenza i-insulin ibe ne-glucose metabolism. Ukuba umxholo wale hormone egazini uphantsi kakhulu, ngoko i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kwiiseli zezicubu ze-muscle, kwaye onke amandla umzimba uyawuthola kuphela ukususela kwi-oxidation ye-acids fatty. Xa izinga layo liphakama kwizinga elifunekayo, le nkqubo inokuphinda iphinde yenziwe ngendlela yendalo. Kule meko, umzimba ufumana amandla aneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, imithwalo yemvelo ephezulu kakhulu, iimbumba zeeseli ezinamahlunu zingaphinda zibe negalelo kwi-glucose, nokuba i-insulin ingxube egazini iphantsi kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka kwendima yehomoni kwiinkqubo zokuxiliswa kwezinto ezingenakuphikiswa. I-receptor ye-insulin (i-recemor transmembrane, i-action yayo eyenziwa yi-insulin) ibalulekile kwinkqubo ye-homeostasis ye-glucose. Ukungahambi kakuhle kokugqibela kukukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo eziphazamisayo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela okanye umhlaza.

Kufuneka ufumane ingqalelo kwisibindi. Lo mzimba owenza izitolo zeglucose emzimbeni. Iyakhululwa ngokukhululeka kwiiseli zesibindi kwimeko yokuqala. I-insulin ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba yi-glycolysis enzymes (oko kukuthi i-hexokinase, i-phosphofructokinase-1 kunye ne-pyruvate kinase), ngaphandle kweyiphi indlela yokuhlukana kwe-glucose ayinakwenzeka.

Isenzo se-insulin kwiprotheni ye-metabolism

Iiprotheni ezifumana umntu ngokutya ziyahlukana zibe yinani lama-amino acidiweyo, apho umzimba kamva udibanisa iiprotheni zawo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo eyaneleyo yenkqubo echaziweyo inokwenzeka kuphela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-insulin kuyo. Ilungiselela ukuthuthwa kwamanzi amaninzi. I-insulin iphinda ikhulise kakhulu izinga lokubhalwa kwe-DNA kwaye ivuselela ukubunjwa kwe-RNA. Kukho iindlela apho ihomoni echaphazelekayo ichaphazela ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheyini emzimbeni womntu.

Isenzo se-insulin kwi-metabolism ye-fat

Ihomoni ephantsi kokuqwalasela ithatha inxaxheba ekusebenziseni i-lipid metabolism, okuyiyo kwinqanaba le-lipogenesis (i-synthesis of fatty acids). Ziyakhelwe ngesiseko se-carbohydrates (ngexesha lokubola kunye nesifo se-metabolism). I-lipogenesis enzyme isebenza kuphela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-insulin. Ngoko ke, ekungabikho kwe-hormone, akunakwenzeka ukufeza imetabolism evamile.

Iintlobo kunye nemithetho yokufaka i-insulin

Iindlela zokusebenza kwe-insulin ziye zacaca ixesha elide, ngoko ke, kukho uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izigulane ezine-diabetes mellitus. Zikhona ezi zilandelayo:

• I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza. Umphumo wale nkunkuma iyacaca phakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu yokuqala emva kokungeniswa kwayo. Kwaye kufumaneka umphumo omkhulu emva kweyure. Nangona kunjalo, isenzo siphelile ngokukhawuleza. Umjovo kufuneka wenziwe ngelixa udla.
• I-insulin e-short-acting (eqinisweni, xa kuziwa kwi-insulin eqhelekileyo, njengomthetho, olu hlobo luthethwa). Isenzo siqala emva kwesigama seyure. Le nto ingathathwa ngaphambi kokutya. Isenzo salo sihlala ixesha elide kunezilwanyana ezichazwe ngasentla.
• I-insulin yobude obude. Olu hlobo lwesilwanyana lucetyiswa ukuba lusebenze ngokushushumbisa i-insulini okanye ngokukhawuleza. Oku kufezekisa umphumo osisigxina (inkunkuma isebenza malunga nesiqingatha somhla).
• I-insulin ende ende. Kujoliswe kwisingeniso ekuqaleni kwosuku. I-insulin enokusebenza yonke imihla. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyenzeka kuphela xa kusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-insulin emfutshane okanye esebenza ngokukhawuleza.
• I-insulin, edibeneyo ngaphambili. Amalungu ayo ayingxenye yelapha ngentla. I-insulin kufuneka ithathwe kabini ngosuku ngaphambi kokutya.

Zininzi izinto zichaphazela uhlobo luni lwegulane elikhethayo. Iinkqubo zesenzo se-insulin yeyiphi na yezi zihlomelo ezichazwe ngasentla zihambelana neemfuno kunye nezimo zesigulane esithile. Iqondo elifanelekileyo kunye neshedyuli yokulawulwa kweziyobisi kufuneka kusekwe ngumphathi onolwazi, ngokuqwalasela zonke iimpawu zesigulane, uhlobo lwesifundo sesi sifo kunye nomgangatho jikelele wempilo yakhe. I-insulin (ixabiso apho lingama-ruble angamakhulu mathandathu anesibhozo) kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kweliso logqirha.

Namhlanje isigulane sinokukhetha enye yeendlela ezilandelayo zokuthatha i-insulin:

• Isirinji. Iinqununu kwiisirinji zanamhlanje zincinci. Yingakho umjovo uba nzima kakhulu. Inaliti enjalo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-adipose tissue okanye ngaphantsi kwesikhumba esiswini, emathangeni, emathangeni nasemathangeni.
• I penkile ipeni. Esi sixhobo sithengiswa nge-insulin, ngokuqhelekileyo sinesilinganiso somyinge. I penkile yesirinji kaninzi inalo iklajidi eyakhelwe kuyo. I-insulin iphinde ijojowe ngenaliti, kodwa ayifaki i-piston, kodwa i-trigger. Esi sixhobo sikulungele abantwana abamele bazimele ngokuzimela.
• Ipompo. Esi sixhobo sinikezela ngokusasaza kwe-insulin phantsi kwesikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo esiswini. Ngethuba lexesha elifanelekileyo, umpompo uya kuhambisa inkunkuma emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu eyodwa kwi-catheter. Kuyinto efanelekileyo kuba ukungeniswa kwe-insulin ngejoyi kungabalulekanga.

Iindlela ezintsha

Kakade ke, isigulane ekugqibeleni isigulane sifumaneka kwisidingo sokwenza ii-injection rhoqo kwaye isebenzise rhoqo inaliti. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokwenza unyango iqhubeka ibangela ukungathandeki. Yingakho inani elikhulu leengcali lisebenza rhoqo ukuvula nayiphi na indlela entsha, elula yokusebenzisa i-insulin.

Kuze kube ngo-2007, iinzame zaqhubeka zandisa indlela i-hormone eyayilawulwa ngayo inhalation. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kwavalwa.

Namhlanje, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ekudalweni kweempawu ezikhethekileyo zesidumbu kunye neeprafu, eziza kuvumela ukufakwa kwe-insulin emlonyeni. Kodwa, ngelishwa, loo myeza ayifumanekanga kuluntu jikelele.

Iindawo zokuHlanywa

Ukuze i-insulin yenyathelo elide likhawuleze kwaye liphumelele kwigazi, ijojowe esiswini. Ezinye izigulane zikhetha ukujoba ehlombe. Ezinye zisetyenzisiwe njengendawo yokufakelwa kwe-hip kunye ne-buttock, kodwa kufuneka ijojowe ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukunikezelwa ngeendlela zokwenza i-insulin, kucetyiswa ukuba ijobe rhoqo ngendlela efanayo kunye kwindawo enye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ugweme ukuvela kwazo naziphi na iimpawu, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uguqule indawo yomzimba apho i-hormone iya kujozwa khona. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukutshintsha indawo yejoza kwisangqa.

Ukusebenzisa ukulawula

Xa usebenzisa i-insulin, kubalulekile ukuba iliso rhoqo kwinqanaba le-glucose egazini. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lunokuthathwa yizinto ezahlukeneyo: oko isigulane esithatha ekudleni kunye nokuba nini, nokuba ingaba nemidlalo, nokuba ingaba nemvakalelo emihle okanye engalunganga, indlela yokuphatha ngayo ezinye izifo. Imiba efanayo ingaba nomphumo ohluke kakhulu kwikhosi yesifo sikashukela kwizigulane ezahlukeneyo okanye kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zobomi ofanayo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulinganisa i-blood glucose kangangeentsuku ngosuku ukwenzela ukubeka esweni imeko yomntu. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka nje uthabathe igazi eminwe yakho. Kwaye ngokubhekisele kweso songweni kubalulekile ukwenza izigqibo ezithile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ushukela ogxininisiweyo egazini, i-insulin ifanele ifakwe kwi-dose efanelekileyo.

Khumbula ukuba uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luhlala luhlala kulo lonke ubomi. Kungenxa yoko kufuneka uqaphele rhoqo imeko yakho yomzimba kwaye ujonge kakuhle kwiimpawu ezinesifo sakho, kunye nokubeka esweni imeko yepascreas, apho i-insulin ikhiqizwa khona.

Iimpembelelo zehomoni

Ixabiso eliqwalaselwe kweli nqaku, i-insulin, yinto ekhuselekileyo yendalo yeempendulo zamakhemikhali apho inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwemetabolism emzimbeni womntu yakhiwe. Le hormone idlulisa i-glucose kwizicubu zezitho ezahlukahlukeneyo, iguqula ibe yi-glycogen.

Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin yimbangela yesifo sikashukela. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili zilandelayo:

• Ukuvuthwa okuninzi (ezintandathu ukuya kweetitha ezili-10 ngosuku) kunye nokunxanwa rhoqo.
• Umbuso we-hyperkilkemia.
• I-Ketonomy (okanye i-acidosis ye-metabolic).
• Ukungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo kwamathambo.
• Ukunciphisa okubalulekileyo kwinani le-glycogen efunyenwe kwisibindi kunye nezihlunu.
• I-Lipidemia (ukwanda okweqile kwintlawulo yeoli egazini).
• Ukuphazamiseka kwi-oxidation yamafutha.
• Glucosuria.

I-hormone echaphazelekayo ithintela kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glycogen, inhibits utshintsho lwe-amino acids kwi-glucose. Oku kuchaza isidingo sokungeniswa kwe-insulin emva kokuba isigulane sisebenze ngokuzikhandla emsebenzini womzimba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-hormone inikezela ukuhanjiswa kwama-amino acids kwiiseli, ezinika ukukhula okukhutheleyo kweemfucu ze-muscle.

Nangona kunjalo, maxa wambi i-insulin inefuthe elibi kumzimba wesigulane. Ingabonakaliswa kwi-deposit of triglycerides equlethwe kwi-tedious adipose. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwanda okweqingqiweyo kwinqanaba le-fat-cutaneous stimulated. Le ngenye yezinto eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-insulin.

Ingozi yokusetyenziswa

Ininzi yezinzululwazi ihlolisise i-insulin ngokuthe ngcembe, imiphumo yecandelo lokulawulwa kwe-hormone emzimbeni. Iingcali zakwazi ukufumana ukuba umthamo obulalayo wezinto ezibhekiselweyo yiyunithi ezili-100. Le mali iqulethe i-insulin epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, unako ukugcina isigulane nangona ukugqithisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko kubalulekile ukuba ungaphumeleli ixesha kwaye wuleze ubize i-ambulensi. Njengomthetho, nokuba isigulane sinakho ixesha lokukwenza, ukuqonda ngokucacileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba i-coma iqale ukuphuhlisa, kukho rhoqo iiyure eziliqela ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-glucose ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwigazi, apho amanqanaba okunyuka kwe-hypoglycemic of insulin.

Ngoko, ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngelishwa, abanye abantu kufuneka bafake umzamo omncinane kunabanye. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Abantu ababhekene nesi sifo, banyanzeliswa ukuba baholele indlela engakumbi yokuphila. Ezi zigulane ziza kufuneka zilawulwe ziphi ukutya ezidlayo, ixesha elingakanani abachithayo kwizemidlalo, kunye nendlela abaqhuba ngayo, ukuba bangaphi amanzi ahlanzekileyo. Abanye babo, ingakumbi abo baxhomekeke kwi-insulin, kufuneka balandele indlela yabo yobomi ngokucophelela. Ezi zigulane zifuna ukuba rhoqo (kuxhomekeke kwithuba lemihla kunye neemeko ezithile) zenza i-injection ye-insulin (i-hormone ingena endaweni enye engenako ukuzenzelela kwinani elifunekayo lepakreas). Ukutshintshwa kwelo hlobo kunokuthi kunciphise imeko ebuhlungu kwaye kuncede isigulane sikhokele ubomi obupheleleyo. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukuzisa i-insulini ngexesha kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo (ngokwemiqathango yonke yeengcali). Zininzi iintlobo zezixhobo ezifanelekileyo eziye zadalwa kwiijoke. Ziquka i- insulin isirinji, ipeniti yesirinji kunye nepompe ekhethekileyo. Eyona nto ikhethwa namhlanje kukuba yindlela ezimbini zokugqibela. Ipeniti yesirinji iyinto efanelekileyo kakhulu yokusingatha kwaye ifanelekile kubantwana abancinci abamele bazimele ngokuzimeleyo i-insulin. Kwaye ipompo iyanqumla isidingo sesilwanyana esinenaliti, esilungele ininzi yezigulane.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula isidingo sokuqwalasela ngokucophelela onke ama-dosage anqunywe ngumgqirha oya kwiindawo. Ukuphulwa kwecwangciso yonyango eyenziwe nguye akukhuthazwa kakhulu, kuba kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo eninzi engathandekiyo, kubandakanywa nayo ingasongela ubomi bomguli. Eyona nengozi yinto engaphezu kwemali ephakanyisiweyo, kuba ingabangela ukufa. Ukuze ugweme imiphumo enjalo engathandekiyo, kubalulekile ukuba ungayihoywa iingcebiso zegqirha kwaye nakuphi na umzekelo ukuba ungatshintshi ukuqeshwa kwakho.

Kubalulekile ukufumana kuphela izidakamizwa eziphezulu eziza kuzuza umzimba wesigulane kwaye zingabangeli nayiphi na ingozi. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni le insulin (ixabiso alisoloko libonisa imeko yangempela). Sebenzisa iimveliso zabakhiqizi abathintekayo, abaye bavavanyelwa iminyaka yabo, iimveliso zabo ziye zanceda ukuxhasa ubomi bezigulane ezininzi. Hlola izibuyekezo zabathengi bamanani kwaye landela iingcebiso zeengcali ezifanelekileyo. Gcina yakho impilo. Khetha okulungileyo wena kunye nabathandekayo bakho. Yimpilo!