Iintlobo yeentsomi: yobuqhawe, lenkundla. iintsomi indalo

Intsomi - phenomenon umdla kakhulu culturological. Ixabiso yeentsomi kwinkcubeko wanamhla kunzima ukuba zazi, kuba rhoqo kwabo kwakukho imisebenzi yobugcisa, uncwadi, bulumko ezisekelwe. Ukohluka yale meko kuxhomekeke yokuba ocande zeminyaka, zigcinwe kwimemori izizukulwana. Cinga kwinkcazelo intsomi, thina uchaze iinkcukacha izimvo zabo, ngokunjalo gca, ngaphezu tinsimu yahlukile iintsomi namabali.

Intsomi: ukugqiba kwiipropati, inkangeleko

Oobawo wazama ukuba achaze iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo, indawo yabo ehlabathini, ukuvela iphela kunye ukuphela kwayo kunokwenzeka. Ngapha koko, abazange babe ulwazi lwezenzululwazi, bengazazi ezi physics, ngeenkwenkwezi kunye kwamathambo. Kwaye Yenziwa iintsomi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nophuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nomdla iintsomi buthathaka, kodwa ke ukuba kudluliswe ngomlomo emlonyeni, yaye ngaloo ndlela bafika langoku. Lo mkhwa - umlando yokwenyani ulwazi lwabantu kunye nokuqonda.

Kuyinto yimpazamo ukukholelwa ukuba intsomi kwezigqibo - lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa abantu bamandulo. Oku akunjalo kwaye langoku, sidibana nale meko. Xa ubomi babantu, kusekho into yenzeka, kumnandi. Oku kuchaza iintsomi mihla.

Xa umbuzo nje yasentsomini eyahlukileyo evela sentsomi, ukukhokela imisebenzi la. Tale iyilelwe ukufundisa, ukufundisa, mhlawumbi ngisho nakanye. Kanti kuyenye intsomi leyo kuthiwa Cacisa kakuhle izinto. Into osondele kuyo, abaphandi wabeka iintsomi, apho izinto zemvelo ukunceda amaqhawe.

amagama polar kakhulu - iintsomi kunye namabali. Le yokugqibela - ibonisa isiganeko nembali ethile yelo xesha, nto leyo usoloko kubonwa ngokoqobo ezikhoyo. Yeentsomi namabali, kwaye iintsomi wadala abantu.

lokudela cosmogonic

Umxholo yamabali ezahlukeneyo ezinjalo, kuba kuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu. Ngoko ukwahlula iintlobo eziphambili yeentsomi, kuxhomekeke into abayithethayo. Ukongeza, kukho abo zadalelwa phambi kokuba naluphi na ulwazi kuluntu pre-eklasini, yaye kukho abo ziboniswe kwi inkcubeko yempucuko.

Cosmogonical - intsomi yokuqala nayiphi na inkqubo. Ithi apha malunga wadalwa ngayo ihlabathi. Njengoko umthetho, indalo owandulelayo isiphithiphithi (Greece yamandulo), uqhekeko, ukunqongophala ukuze (eYiputa mandulo), amandla yomlilo kunye namanzi (intsomi yaseScandinavia), okanye umhlaba kanye kunye nesibhakabhaka kwi iqanda jikelele (neentsomi ka-Indiya yakudala).

Zonke iintsomi cosmogonic kwisabelo yehlabathi elinye ibali: ukudala inkqubo yehlabathi ezijikeleze axis ethile. Kusenokuba iinkuni - ash yehlabathi, njengoko Scandinavians amandulo, okanye ukukhanya ukuba silawule ubusuku nemini kwi nesiko lamaJuda. Kwakhona, i "Ukuze ezazikho" Ungayila umtshato. Ngoko ke, kwiintsomi zamandulo zamaGrike - i Uranus kunye Gala, yaye Polynesia - Papa kunye Rangi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umfutho bonke esi senzo unika isithixo elongameleyo: uVishnu, uThixo.

Ngaphezu koko, ezi ndidi yeentsomi ichaza edala abantu bokuqala kwaye kude kwimicimbi sithixo kukhutshelo amalungelo obunini kwendalo wezandla zezidalwa.

lokudela anthropogonic

Vala kwi ngokuxhomekeke iintsomi khozimologi.Sonke abut antropogogicheskie. Ezinye izazinzulu musa anikezele kwiqela eyahlukileyo, kwaye igqalwa yinxalenye yale ntsomi malunga ngemvelaphi iphela. Zisixelela ntoni ngemvelaphi yomntu okanye sibini. Ukuvela kwabantu bokuqala ukuba ezahlukeneyo. Generalizing iintsomi zehlabathi, sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kukho umntu ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Ukusuka totem imfuyo - wafundisa lo kakhulu Kwiintsomi, umzekelo, Australian.
2. Beenkuni, nodongwe (amanani zokuqala kwiintsomi kubaphangi, okwesibini - kumaYiputa, Akadi, OB Ugrians).
3. Ngokushukumisa ukusuka ihlabathi asezantsi phantsi (i Sumerians, abantu sub-Saharan Africa).
4. Ukuvuselelwa yabantu, lubanike umphefumlo (edla Lilungelo neentsomi, apho kukho oothixo ezimbini ezichaseneyo omnye "ububi" wenza ayikwazi ukwenza umntu wokwenene, yaye kuphela isithixo ochopheleyo onika umphefumlo kunye nobomi). Ngokomzekelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba neentsomi abangamaKristu OB-Ugric.

Astral, elanga kunye neentsomi yenyanga

Xa iintlobo khozimologi.Sonke efanayo yeentsomi exelela ngemvelaphi iinkwenkwezi nezinye izijikelezi - astral. Ngazo ukuvumisa esekelwe, esekhona namhlanje. Ukususela ngokombono lekroza yamandulo - lithuthwa izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nabantu (umzekelo, umzingeli). ukutolikwa umdla Milky Way e neentsomi ezahlukeneyo. Amaninzi oko kuthetha unxulumano phakathi indalo. AmaGrike yamandulo ezinxulumene ngayo ubisi zekhompyutha, amaBhabhiloni baba iintsontelo zakhe ubambe Umhlaba kwindalo iphela.

ookhokho bethu kude edibene ukuchonga wezithixo ezithile okanye izilwanyana kunye iiplanethi neenkwenkwezi, bayilinda intshukumo benqumla isibhakabhaka ebusuku, ukuba ukuchonga iipateni. Ngoko zivela kwi neentsomi of China, i-Middle East. Kuyinto le nkolelo ziye kwavula kuphuhliso ngeenkwenkwezi.

Indawo olulodwa awayephantsi iintsomi zamandulo malunga ilanga. Baye phantse zonke neentsomi. Ezinye - heroes, ngandlel 'uvaleleke esibhakabhakeni, ngamanye amaxesha - kuba kakubi (yaseScandinavia), kwabanye - isibini yomlingane okanye bakowenu apho omnye (nenyanga), ilawulwe omnye (ilanga). Umzekelo, oku okufana kwiintsomi Korean.

Iintlanga ezininzi ezichongiweyo abalawuli babo nabantwana kwelanga. Abanjalo iintsomi bezizwe laseYiputa, Japan, Umzantsi Melika (Inca isizwe).

lokudela etiological

Iinkolelo echaza ukuvela kwezityalo, izilwanyana, imozulu, iimpawu landscape ebizwa etiological. Le ntsomi mandulo kakhulu, imvelaphi yayo elandwa eluntwini kwakudala. Kakade ke, lo mhlaba ukuvula oonobangela yezinto ngokudibanisa iinkolelo wentsomi ngokubanzi, Noko ke, eyona njongo etiological isixelela ntoni ngemvelaphi yonke into esijikeleze umntu.

Ngelo xesha kanye sokuqala iintsomi ukuba ngoku zibonwa njenge sentsomi abantu Australia, New Guinea kunye Andaman Islands. Umzekelo, ukuba uchaze ilulwane imini ubumfama, akukho umsila lebhere amatakane.

A notch iinkolelo ezicacisa imbonakalo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ngokubanzi. Ezi iintsomi malunga nemvelaphi dolphins ukusuka oomatiloshe ngolunya, kunye Arachne zesigcawu womluki, kohlwaywa yi Aphrodite.

Iinkolelo etiological kakhulu oluphambili ndithi ngemvelaphi beenkwenkwezi: ilanga, inyanga, esibhakabhakeni. iintsomi enjalo afumaneka kuzo zonke unqulo. Umzekelo, e-New Zealand kunye eYiputa, imbonakalo zezulu kungenxa amandla aphezulu, ukuba 'bahlukane "izulu uvela ehlabathini. Kwakhona izizwe iintsomi, ngokupheleleyo zonke, chaza isindululo diurnal nezonyaka kwelanga liphela esibhakabhakeni.

Iintsomi kwaza kwabekwa etiological bayakholwa: bethetha ngendlela apho le nto okanye loo mkhosi, kutheni kuyimfuneko ukwenza njalo, hayi ngenye indlela.

lokudela zobuqhawe

Heroes zeemposiso ngalo mba - iziko kwebali. Isixelela ngobomi naziphi zobuqhawe, enza umsebenzi ngokwaphula-umva. Isakhiwo imalunga efanayo:

• Ukuzalwa ngokungummangaliso iqhawe.
• Amalungelo kunye iimvavanyo ebekwa yi uyise okanye nasiphi na isihlobo sakhe segazi, njengoko umqalisi ingaba ikamva uyise oyintloko wesizwe kwaye nkqu isithixo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeli nqanaba hero - an ekuthinjweni: uyaphulele owalela zentlalo, uye wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho.
• Ukudibana umkakhe elizayo nokutshata.
• kuzo eqhubekayo.
• Ukufa a Hero.

Ukuba sithethe neentsomi yamaGrike amandulo, apha amaqhawe yeentsomi - ngabantwana bakaThixo nomfazi ofayo. Kuyinto la neenkolelo isiseko iintsomi kunye neminye imisebenzi ibonwe.

Iintsomi Totemic nezenkolo

Kakhulu ezifana isihloko iintsomi zilandelayo: totemic nakunqulo. Umzekelo ezaziwa lokuqala - isithixo waseYiputa yamandulo, ngamnye kubo waba ezinye iimpawu zoomorphic: kwena, ikati, udyakalashe kunye nabanye. Ezi ntsomi zibonisa ezithile nomini amaqela, nangokodidi ekuhlaleni abantu kunye totems, nto leyo ntoni izilwanyana okanye izityalo.

Ukongeza koothixo laseYiputa zinikeze umzekelo neentsomi zezizwe Australian apho zamatye, izilwanyana, izityalo - ke bazalwe kanye baphila kwiminyanya zoomorphic. iinkolelo ezifanayo babephakathi Papuans kunye ngabaThwa.

Kaninzi, iintsomi totemic oqhelekileyo isihloko umtshato izidalwa zoomorphic, kwaye umntu avareji. Njengomgaqo, icacisa ngemvelaphi yeentlanga. Kuyinto phakathi Kirghiz, Orochi, Korea. Ngenxa yoko imifanekiso iintsomi namabali Frog Princess okanye Clear Finist Ukhetshe.

iintsomi zonqulo, mhlawumbi kunazo zonke. isiqulatho kwabo yaziwa ezimbalwa, ubukhulu becala abagcini banqula. Kunyulu kakhulu kwaye isixelela ntoni imvelaphi amanye amanyathelo. A Umzekelo classic - Bacchanalia, ezicwangciswe imbeko lesiGrike uthixo yayinguDionysus. Omnye umzekelo - eYiputa yaMandulo. Iintsomi malunga oothixo Osiris kunye Isis aba sisiseko intshukumo lehlelo xa Isis wafuna umzimba nesithandwa wakhe, emva kokuvuka kwakhe kwabafileyo.

lokudela sokugqibela kwimbali

Ngokusengqiqweni kakhulu epheleleyo iinkolelo sokugqibela kwimbali amabali ebalisa ekupheleni kwehlabathi. Ezi ndidi yeentsomi ukwakheka antonymous. Kuphela uxolo inganyanzelekanga wadala kwaye batshatyalaliswe. Njengoko umthetho, umfutho le mpofu iziseko yokuziphatha yoluntu. Luphawulwa iinkolelo ezinjalo kwiintsomi phambili kakhulu. Umzekelo, i Norsemen, amaHindu, amaKristu.

Izihloko iinkolelo sokugqibela kwimbali zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ezininzi:

1. Sasichaza sisihelegu wonke, yahlukanisa ihlabathi ntsomi zeli xesha langoku. Zinjalo Ket kunye Sami.
2. Ukulahleka "Golden Age" lobuntu, ukungafezeki yayo. Ngokomzekelo, intsomi Iranian, echaza ixesha isithuba ezintathu, ngamnye umgangatho yokuziphatha okubi ngaphezu yangaphambili. Oku kubandakanye Ragnarok of kwiintsomi kubaphangi - umlilo jikelele, leyo yokuhlaziya umhlaba.
3. Esinye isifundo - uhlobo wovandlakanyo lempucuko, apho ekupheleni kwexesha ngalinye ntlekele, njengoko iyawasusa emhlabeni. Kubalulekile, umzekelo, ubudala sezigidi ezine kwiintsomi Aztec. iphela Okokuqala ukuhlasela jaguar, owesibini - iinkanyamba, eyesithathu - umlilo, yaye owesine - onogumbe.
4. Messianism. Kuyinto yimpazamo ukukholelwa ukuba Lilungelo leSebe i iinkolelo zamaKristu. Iimposiso ngoothixo kunye oomesiya kufuneka ubuHindu (Kalki), kunye Islam (Mahdi) nobuBhuda (Buddha Maitreya).

iintsomi yekhalenda

iintlobo Calendar yeentsomi zihlobene ukuba cosmogony kunye nehlelo. Abantu edibene ukuchaza ukutshintsha amaxesha onyaka, imini nobusuku, ukufa uhlobo ekwindla yaye ebusika nasentlakohlaza imvuselelo. Ezi iingcinga kunye ziboniswe kwikhalenda iintsomi. Zisekelwe kokuma ngeenkwenkwezi ngendalo, kwimibhiyozo phezu kumsitho yokungena olutsha enyangeni nonyaka, ukuqokelelwa nokutyalwa kwesityalo. Qwalasela oku ngokwembono kwezifundo ezininzi umdla kwiintsomi.

Ukuba sithethe ngokutshintsha iinyanga zonyaka, kukho ukungqinelana eyomeleleyo zeemposiso astral. Explained alternating iinyanga ngokwemigaqo imiqondiso ezulu. Ingakumbi waphumelela kule kwiintsomi eMesopotamiya.

Xa iinkolelo amaYiputa amandulo wayejongene nayo ngexesha shift yakhe kunye nentshukumo yeenkwenkwezi ekufundweni ngeenkwenkwezi uthixo Anathoti. Yaba nombulelo lowo nyaka lahlulwe iintsuku ezingama-365. Zokugcina 5 sele inikezelwe ukuba azalwe ubuthixo uOsiris, uSete, Isis kunye nabanye. Baye nikela ukuba kumbhiyozo yeentsuku ezintlanu ekupheleni konyaka wekhalenda. amaYiputa wachaza ngale ndlela - Ukuba sithethe malunga nokutshintsha imini nobusuku: uthixo Ra phantsi emkhombeni esihogweni okanye ulwe USeti Gore.

ERoma yamandulo, kuba nyanga nganye khalenda yayisayanyaniswa isithixo ethile: Apreli - Aphrodite, Juni - Juno, Matshi - Mars. Ekuqaleni kwenyanga nganye kumiselwa umbingeleli kwenyanga entsha. Le elingene lamaRoma Iintsomi zamaGrike yaba njengothixo - iintaba banoxanduva utshintsho onyaka.

UThixo Marduk ukusuka neentsomi le Sumerians kwaye Akadi ke uxanduva kwikhalenda. UEva Unyaka omtsha kuba abantu aba wawuqala lasentwasahlobo.

Amaxesha onyaka ukutshintsha kwezinye neentsomi enxulumene ubomi nokufa isithixo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ibali yamandulo yesiGrike Demeter kunye Persephone. Le yokugqibela ke yebiwa kwelabafileyo wakhe kwelabafileyo. Demeter, uthixokazi wenzala Xa kunjalo aphoswe intombi yakhe ukuba wenze yabulibala ukuchuma komhlaba. Nangona Zeus wayalela Hadesi ukubuyela Persephone, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ngonyaka kanye ukuba sibuyele kummandla kwabafileyo. Nale namaGrike ezinxulumene amaxesha onyaka. amabali ezifana ngamaqhawe wasentsomini Osiris Yarile, Adonis, Balder.

intsomi lwangoku

Kuyinto yimpazamo bakholelwa ukuba intsomi kwezigqibo kuya kwenza kuphela loo impucuko yamandulo. Esi simo uphawu modernity. Ngokungafaniyo kwiintsomi mihla kukuba lusekelwe kulwazi olubanzi lobunzululwazi. Ukuba ngezibonakude ezinamandla bakha nokubona Mars, abantu baqala ukudala ingcamango wasentsomini ubukho kunokwenzeka ezithile zobomi, njengoko apha ekunokuthiwa zonke iintlobo ingcaciso "imingxuma abamnyama". Sinokuthi ukuba lonke yenzululwazi mihla - yinto uhlobo intsomi, kuba ngexesha uzama ukucacisa isenzeko bengasiqondi.

Kwakhona, inguqu zeemposiso yobuqhawe kungathathwa amaqhawe bhanyabhanya ezinjalo nezihlekisayo, Spider-Man, Batman, Teenage ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemizila ninja turtles. Eneneni, ngamnye kubo imbali yayo, ukungaphumeleli luluntu (ekuthinjweni); ke benza izinto kwamnandi ukuze kuxhamle uluntu.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya neentsomi zasezidolophini mihla. izidalwa Fantastic, iziqhamo zayo wabonakala ezingqondweni zabantu sele XX-xxi iinkulungwane. Kunye maqumrhwana, ezifana gremlins ke ziintsomi yonke ezidolophini. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba zisekelwe phezu izinto zembali isixeko ethile kunye nabemi bayo. Ngokomzekelo, imbali kwizisele eKaliningrad kunye efihliweyo apho ngamaNazi esoyiswa ngethuba lokufakwa emzini nomkhosi.