Ngubani na UCharles ebizwa Enkulu?

He kubhekwa enye abapolitiki zezona ngcali zinetalente, umbuso wakhe zavelisa Ekuthwaseni kwesindululo in ezininzi amazwe aseYurophu. Ngubani na uKarl, kamva eyabizwa ngokuba Enkulu, yaye wenza ntoni?

Lo mlawuli nempembelelo imvume States Kwenziwa, yabonisa imfazwe engcwele Arab, ukuphuhlisa imfundo kunye nenkcubeko, amazwe amatsha umdla ukwenza iinguqu ... nguKumkani Franks, ngoko ke ukumkani Lombards, iNkosana yaseBavaria, yaye ekugqibeleni, umlawuli we-West - oko konke ngaye. UKarl yavele lokuphinda uBukhosi baseRoma, waza waphumelela.

imvelaphi

Carl - unyana uKumkani Franks Pepin i esifutshane Bertrada of Laon. Nangona umdla uyise uhleli phezu kwetrone kombuso, kungekhona nje ilifa njengoko ezihlangwini savela, nangona emithanjeni yakhe owehla efanayo igazi blue, njengoko kwakunjalo iNkosana. Carl yaba pippinids uhlobo, kodwa emva kwakhe kokuba uqambe ubukhosi Carolingian.

Le ndawo kunye nonyaka wokuzalwa, ababhali-mbali akakwazi ukuza zifana, kuba abanye imithombo ukhankanye iminyaka 742, kwabanye - th 742, kwaye nabanye - 747 th. Xa ke umzi apho, kakhulu, likhulu ekhulwini ayaziwa (mhlawumbi, e-Aachen, Kjersti okanye Ingelheim). Kodwa kuthekani umhla wokufa ngokungathandabuzekiyo: Carl wafa ngo-814 yaye wangcwatywa e-Aachen.

Relations ne Karlomanom

Kodwa njengoko Franks Pepin yathinjwa etroneni, ngoko, ukuba kwixesha elizayo akukho namnye unako ingxabano semthethweni kwamandla ezihlangwini zakhe, wayalela ukuba noonyana bakhe ababini (uKarl kunye umninawa wakhe Carloman) ngo-754 bathanjiswa kwitrone uPope Stephen II. Pepin akazange ukunika ilungelo kwetrone kwezinye omnye koonyana, wawahlula indawo ephakathi kwabo igunya, ebekumele ukuba emva kokufa kwakhe.

Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1968, uKarl wafumana Aquitaine, uninzi Neustria kunye Austrasia, kunye eThuringia, yaye akhe intsebenziswano indlalifa Carloman olawula iBurgundy, Provence, kunye Gotiey Alemany. Nangona, njengoko bathi, ababanga nandawo ukwabelana kodwa abazalwana ibisoloko nzondo. Ngokomzekelo, UCharles kakuhle liqinisekile kwabamoyikayo ukuba umzalwana wakhe ufuna ukungena kwisivumelwano kunye Desiderius, ukumkani Lombards.

nto Karl wangena umtshato kunye nentombi yakhe waza wafumana indawo desideratum abantu abanempembelelo ukusuka ukulandelwa uyise oko. It phantse kwakhokelela imfazwe phakathi bazalwana, kodwa Carloman wagula waza wafa ngomnyaka 771, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwafuneka ukuba abalekele nabantwana bakhe. UKarl ndasidibanisa kubunini babo, ukuze igunya wangaPhakathi phezu enkulu yeYurophu.

impi

Kodwa uCharles zange ayeke khona. Kungekudala lonke eYurophu ukufumana ukuba ngubani na uKarl Veliky. Akazange phumzani zeenkcuba rhoqo Franks kwaye amaSaxons yenkolo (le yokugqibela ithotyelwe ubuhedeni), kunye ngokusekelwe zendawo, ngoko ngo-772, wagqiba ukuqala i imfazwe nawo, zihlasele Saxony.

Kodwa phambi koko, wathumela umva desideratum njengoko nolwalamano oluhle noyise, ukuba sele ku nantoni na. Oku a joke bamqumbisa ukumkani Lombards, kwaye wayefuna ukuba ndikuthambise itrone unyana omncinane Karlomana Pipina. nangoko UCharles waqalisa ukuhlasela. Abendlu ka-Lombards kunye Franks badibana kummandla Alps, kodwa kubulelwe odla yokuluka emkhosini lokugqibela kwamandla waphumelela. Desideratum unyamalale ikomkhulu lakhe Pavia. Kodwa emva kokuba singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko wanikezela, uCarl ngenkani owayesakuba uyise womkaMoses ukuthatha izibhambathiso, yaye wagabadela etroneni Lombards. Ngelo xesha uKumkani Franks yafumana ngoxolo States Kwenziwa, kwaye wamthembisa ilizwe elitsha.

Xa iingxaki Italian ziye ingasombululwa, besiya emfazweni nxamnye amaSaxons, nto leyo ekugqibeleni waphumelela, nangona bamthabatha engama-32. Ngenxa yoko, amaSaxon zaye ngenkani kuguqukela kubuKristu, bazikhulisa emdeni wabo ukuya kuhlangana impahla ka Charles.

Kwakhona ngo-787, iNkosana yaseBavaria Tassilon wesithathu wafihlwa loonongendi waza wanika uKarl namandla akhe. Kwandula ke kwafika ithuba izizwe Slavic lutici, kwaye ke Avars bafunde wazibonela into Carl. Uloyiso kwakhona phezu ngakwicala Franks.

Nangona kwakukho kwakhona laloyisa, ezifana 777, xa uSirayeli wayesilwa Basques. Xa kukhunjulwa kulo mlo kwabhalwa kwathiwa "Ingoma Roland".

NgoSuku Christmas iminyaka 800 Carl lifumene isihloko loMlawuli Zasebhofolo. Nkqu ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ekwabelwana ubunini phakathi koonyana bakhe abathathu, kodwa wasinda kuphela uyise, Louis Yokuqala.

uxolo

Kodwa uKumkani ayikho kuphela imfazwe. Ngubani na Carl njenge nani yenkcubeko? Waqalisa imvuselelo, kamva ngokuba Carolingian. Umlawuli uyimisele kusini na inkqubo yemfundo jikelele (nangona oku amadoda kuphela), wadala Academy of Arts Palace elikhokelwa Alcuin yimbongi, negalelo ekusasazweni ngqangi. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, kwasekwa i-Latin aphakathi njengolwimi inzululwazi, indlela Romanesque izakhiwo, ukwakha iindlela, iinqaba zokuzikhusela.

Ngubani na Carl njengomntu?

Phezu kwayo nje impumelelo, akazange abe sisifo obalaseleyo. Wayemthanda iimpahla ezintle yaye netafile, ugcwele ukutya, sinxiba phantse ngathi commoner, kunye nokutya bakhe uNothozamile nelula. UKarl babekuthanda ukufunda, ngeenkwenkwezi, ubuciko. Yena i bubuciko umona kunye charisma. Ukongeza, i-uCharles wayeyindoda zonqulo: obekekileyo kubantu bonke, izithethe kunye nezithethe.

Ngoko ke, ukugweba ngasentla, Karla Velikogo akulolize kuthiwa uyise Europe. Ngokwenene wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kwezopolitiko, kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho nemimandla phantsi kolawulo lwakhe.