Iintlobo yimithi in Russian: inkcazelo, photo

Kuba baseRashiya, akukho mthi ezinde lweenkobe. Ilizwi Kwabonakala kwinkulungwane VII, ukususela isenzi "ukukhusela". Kuba uphawu yamandulo Slavic wenzala kunye ngumkhuseli zabantu isithixo - Ndingumgcini, baba ngohlobo ezinde. Kuzo zonke kungenzeka, igama umthi lifikile kuthi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ngaba uyazi ukuba bangaphi kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zemithi ezinde kukhula eRashiya? thina namhlanje siya kunifumana.

incazelo

Iintlobo ezininzi zemithi ezinde imithi, lafikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 30 ukuya 45 e nesiqu ikhula ukuya kwi-150 cm, nangona kukho amatyholo ezinkulu nezincinane, kuquka enyakazelayo, sasinda ngaphezu komhlaba. Zonke abameli usapho ezinde zibe monoecious, dioecious, izityalo umoya-sukube.

Inkqubo Ingcambu imithi sodidi enamandla, kunokuba zombini umphezulu yaye obliquely eshiya nzulu (ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko nokukhula). Ebunayo taproot isithombo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kodwa icala a lot lweengcambu ecikizekileyo mochkovidnyh siqalisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwiminyaka yokuqala ezinde likhula ngokucothayo kakhulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni uqalisa Prytkov bazama phezulu, ukuzuza uloyiso phezu kotyani herbaceous.

Ixolo kweentlobo ezininzi umbala omhlophe, naziiperile, opinki nokuba zifuna ukuba ngqombela-mdaka, nangona kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo nengwevu, amfusa, nkqu abamnyama yinxalenye kumphandle buti. Iiseli azele isivalo inyama betulin ngokulula peelable (gummy emhlophe okuqinileyo). Trees-ngabantu rhoqo ezantsi le bhafu, uyakwazi ukubona uqweqwe emnyama kunye ezininzi neentanda enzonzobila.

Ishiya abameli enye ezinde usapho, sengathi emiphethweni, yonke, imilo ovate-rhombic okanye oonxantathu-iqanda, agudileyo, monosimmetricheskie, elide ukufikelela cm 7 ububanzi - 4.

Iintlobo birches e Russia

Siye kwakhona nenkcazelo jikelele amalungu kuzenza. Ngoku ndingathanda ukuqaqambisa ezinye iintlobo-ntlobo zolwimi ngokunzulu. Ngaba uyazi ukuba bangaphi iintlobo ezinde ukho ehlabathini? Izazi malunga 120 iintlobo ze mncane, belostvolnyh, iinkuni ukukhanya, ngoxa eRashiya ekhula malunga 65 esiXhoseni, ezahlukeneyo kwezinye iinkalo. Hayi kuba akukho nto i ezinde baba luphawu lwelizwe lethu.

Ukongeza imithi eqhelekileyo zigwangqa kunye namacici elide, kukho ujika ube uhlobo oluthile imilo eyahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezifana of birches naseRussia zibhetyebhetye kunye anoboya, nangona kukho kwilizwe lethu, kunye nemithi kunye nentlaka etyheli, nemisonto emsi, icherry, zingwevu, amfusa, namnyama. Kwezi mithi ezizodwa njengoko kuphela zezityalo nako ukuchonga sodidi lwe ezinde. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ehlathini olukhulayo amaxolo Far ezinde kunye shaggy kunokuba amaxolo. Kananjalo apha kukho imithi kunye dark nemfusa inxalenye kumphandle buti. Olu hlobo kuthiwa yentsimbi ezinde ngenxa ngomthi eqinileyo, nto leyo yesibini kuphela ngamandla bokkautu (umthi ezikhula le ndawo).

betula pendula

Njengokuba besesitshilo, oko luphawu ezinde Russian. Iintlobo-ntlobo zemithi ixhaphakileyo kwilizwe lethu yaye siza kuxubusha ngayo kwinqaku. A kwasekuqaleni ezinde (enentsumpa). Lo mthi inokufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 30 ububanzi of 60-80 eesentimitha lo buti. Lubonakala yi openwork Kroon, ejingayo uhle ngamasebe, njengekhephu-ezimhlophe okanye nombala-ezimhlophe ixolo kunye iintanda ezahlukeneyo, ogama imilo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ezinde amaxolo. Emazantsi le bhafu, ukuyilwa udiliza irhabaxa. Birch kunye nedayimani-imilo ziye zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngokulandelelana, kunye grubokoroy - ngokucotha. Eyona iphambili yale iintlobo - ubukho Amahlathi ezincinane, wabiza iintsumpa kumasebe abaselula. Iindidi kakhulu ezixabisekileyo Karelian ezinde uthathwa.

betula pubescens

Ezintofontofo ezinde umthi umele ethe-isiqu kunye namasebe evulekileyo wobomi, amaxolo egudileyo umbala omhlophe okanye nombala kunye ukuzihlalela phantsi amahlumelo abaselula. Eyona nto yayixabiseke burls ezinde.

Betula pubescens ifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo, ngaphandle kwiindawo kakhulu nezi ndawo Southern, apho kukho iintlobo ezibutyholwana zemithi ezinde. Inkcazelo yommandla zemithi ekhula: iintlobo zixhaphakileyo zemithi ezinde ezivame ukukhula epakini enye, nangona into yokuba iimpawu lwendalo ezahlukeneyo zabo; ngokuba ezinde ekhethwayo kwindawo eyomileyo phezu kwentaba, kwaye ntofu - imigxobhozo; ngamanye amaxesha afumaneka kwiindawo afumileyo. Ezi ntlobo yimithi zikhule kakuhle ezimnandi kunye nemithi coniferous.

Mini-imithi

Ziziphi iindidi ezinde, ngaphandle iintlobo ngasentla malunga namabala kwilizwe lethu? Ukongeza Khingan of imithi emide ezintabeni birches Russian ukukhula, nenomlanga. Ezinye iintlobo zifumaneka zeAltai kwiiNtaba kunye neendawo weentaba Central Asia. Botany ezimalunga 12 iintlobo zemithi ezincinanana ezikhulayo ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, unako zeAltai cordata ezinde kwi Pamiro Alta - Altaian kunye turkestan, kunye Tien-shan - ezinde Sapozhnikova kunye Schrenk.

imithi ezincinanana kwilizwe lethu zifumaneka intlomo yasentla, ingakumbi kummandla landscape ukubonakalsa ye kumntla ikhweyitha le ibhanti Arctic kunye utyani Umbala eqhelekileyo moss-ulele neentaba mpuma eSiberia. Avamise kakhulu ziquka ezincinanana ezinde, nenomlanga, ibhityileyo, Middendorf ezinde Komarov.

Ezinye iintlobo ezincinane ukwenzela ukuba ngaphantsi ukuphakama, amakhowa boletus. Kwiindawo ezithile, unokufumana imithi, nenomlanga, ngembonakalo sifunda ngakumbi kwamatyholo: ezinde Kuzmischeva, Gmelin, efanele, kustranikovaya, ovalnolistnaya kunye East Far. Lesotudrovyh kukhula ubukhulu becala kwimimandla, kwiindawo mgxobhozo ehlathini.

ezinde Dahurian

uhlobo Temnokorye umthi ezisasazwa kwiMpuma Ekude, nangona abanye babo nga imangaliseke Eastern eSiberia. Ezi ziquka ezinde, Dahurian. Umthi kunye isithsaba openwork ikhula m-25 ubude. Umahluko omkhulu kwezinye iintlobo - amaxolo lokuqala: birches abaselula yena nombala ezipinki, endala - izimvi mnyama, maxa wambi omnyama-mdaka, echachambileyo ecaleni wengqolowa. Birch ixolo ngamaxa athile ngokuyinxenye exfoliate kwaye ziyawa, inxalenye eseleyo leyo Axhome besusa kudala ukusebenza curl. Amagqabi Dark eluhlaza ezinde dahurica (abamnyama) ukuba siwe elimbhoxo babe umthunzi otyheli-brown. Kweentyatyambo kuqalise ngoko nangoko emva liqhuma amagqabi. Ixesha lokukhula mfutshane ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo.

ezinde Ashera

Kwiintaba aselunxwemeni lolwandle Black ukuya kumzantsi Tuapse kunye Rion isitya kukho amahlathi ezincinane ezinde Medvedev. Ngenxa amasebe lwenkohlakalo elungileyo, oku iintlobo ngokufuthi ikhula kumathambeka, kumagqabi kuncothulwa kwasekwa nkampani ezintsha imithi.

umbono okungaqhelekanga ngo Ashera akha ezinde Radde kunye nentlaka ebomvu-ezipinki. Ummeli kuphela imithi etsolo Russia - ezinde Maksimovic, nto leyo ifumaneka kuphela kwisiqithi olusemazantsi Kunashir Island (Kuril Ridge).

collection eMoscow

I-Main Botanical Garden kwengqukuva ukusuka kwingqokelela yonke zabelwa iindidi ezimbini kuphela imithi temnokoryh North American. Azikuthandi iintlobo zethu Khingan of yimithi! Kuphela ubukho namacici emininzi, wayenza esi sityalo, ibonisa ukuba oku udade Birch wethu. Kananjalo apha kukho imithi kunye ixolo segolide obukhanyayo. Le yenye iintlobo North American.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zemithi ezinde ezikhulayo ehlabathini lonke, nokuba iRashiya laba nosisityebi iintlobo ukubunjwa birches lizwe.